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91.
Two samples of patients with DSM-III-R anorexia nervosa, one identified by screening of a total population cohort and the other a mixed screening and referral group, were contrasted with a comparison group of sex-, age- and school-matched individuals. The rates and types of services consulted and treatment given were analyzed. The groups with anorexia nervosa tended to differ somewhat in these respects, although the numbers were too small for meaningful statistical calculations to be made. Only half of the total population sample had ever received any treatment for the eating disorder, even many years after anorexia nervosa onset in the teenage period. The implications of these findings are discussed both in terms of clinical needs and as they relate to previous research in anorexia nervosa, which has almost exclusively referred to non-population-based groups of patient. 相似文献
92.
Schlaphoff V Klade CS Jilma B Jelovcan SB Cornberg M Tauber E Manns MP Wedemeyer H;IC Study Group 《Vaccine》2007,25(37-38):6793-6806
Only very limited information on phenotype and function of vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells is available for humans. We investigated hepatitis C virus-specific CD8+ T cells after vaccination with the HCV peptide-vaccine IC41 which includes 5 MHC-class I and 3 MHC class-II-restricted epitopes. In healthy subjects, IC41 induced both HCV-specific central memory as well as effector CD8+ T cells which rapidly expanded upon antigen exposure in vitro. IFNgamma production was dependent on formulation of the synthetic peptides with the adjuvant poly-l-arginine. In chronic HCV patients, the frequency of HCV-specific CD8+ T cells increased after vaccination with a decline of CD45RA-positive effector memory cells in some but not all patients. Thus, this study suggests that HCV-specific memory cells can be induced by peptide vaccination and that a reversion of functional impaired phenotypes by therapeutic vaccination is possible in chronic HCV infection. 相似文献
93.
94.
RN BN IC Cert. MN Grad. Cert. Ed. Studies Andrea Marshall Senior Research Fellow 《Australian critical care》2004,17(4):142-150
The development of research priorities for critical care nurses has been previously examined from the perspective of both Australian and international critical care nursing experts. A variety of techniques have been used to determine research priorities for critical care nursing, however, a clear articulation of research priorities for Australian critical care nurses, which are both timely and encompass all aspects of critical care nursing practice, is lacking. Research priorities previously determined in Australia and elsewhere identify similar clinical research priorities such as nutritional support, infection control, supporting respiratory and cardiac function, and follow-up of critically ill patients. However, differences between the few available studies exist, possibly because of the changing nature of critical care nursing practice. Despite the identification of research priorities for critical care nursing in the past, there is little evidence to demonstrate a direct effect on research output in these areas. Future development of research priorities for Australian critical care nurses needs to be carefully considered. It is essential that identification of such research priorities be done within the context of their intended use. 相似文献
95.
Leon IC Tang Anna PK Ling Rhun Y Koh Soi M Chye Kenny GL Voon 《BMC complementary and alternative medicine》2012,12(1):3
Background
Dengue fever regardless of its serotypes has been the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral diseases among the world population. The development of a dengue vaccine is complicated by the antibody-dependent enhancement effect. Thus, the development of a plant-based antiviral preparation promises a more potential alternative in combating dengue disease. 相似文献96.
CD Briggs GB Irving CD Mann A Cresswell L Englert M Peterson IC Cameron 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2009,91(7):583-590
INTRODUCTION
The objective of this study was to determine the safety and acceptability of the implementation of a day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) service in a large UK teaching hospital, and analyse factors influencing contact with primary care providers. Wide-spread introduction of day-case LC in the UK is a major target of healthcare providers. However, few centres have reported their experience. In the US, out-patient surgery for LC has been reported, though many groups have utilised 24-h observation units to facilitate discharge. Concerns remain amongst surgeons regarding the feasibility and acceptability of the introduction of day-case LC in the UK.PATIENTS AND METHODS
Comprehensive care and operative data were prospectively collected on the first 106 consecutive day-case procedures in our hospital. Postoperative recovery was monitored by telephone questionnaire on days 2, 5 and 14, including complications, satisfaction and general practitioner consultation.RESULTS
A total of 106 patients were admitted for day-case LC, of whom 84% were discharged on the day of surgery. Patient satisfaction rate was 94% in both the successful day-case and the admitted patients. Mean operation time was 62 min, with an average total stay on the day-care unit of 426 min. Training-grade surgeons performed 31% of operations. Both the re-admission rate after surgery and rate of conversion to open surgery were 2%. Advice from primary healthcare providers was sought by 33% of patients within the first 14 postoperative days.CONCLUSIONS
Introduction of day-case LC in the UK is feasible and acceptable to patients. The potential burden to primary care providers needs further study. 相似文献97.
Background
A potential problem of clinical examinations is known as the hawk-dove problem, some examiners being more stringent and requiring a higher performance than other examiners who are more lenient. Although the problem has been known qualitatively for at least a century, we know of no previous statistical estimation of the size of the effect in a large-scale, high-stakes examination. Here we use FACETS to carry out a multi-facet Rasch modelling of the paired judgements made by examiners in the clinical examination (PACES) of MRCP(UK), where identical candidates were assessed in identical situations, allowing calculation of examiner stringency.Methods
Data were analysed from the first nine diets of PACES, which were taken between June 2001 and March 2004 by 10,145 candidates. Each candidate was assessed by two examiners on each of seven separate tasks. with the candidates assessed by a total of 1,259 examiners, resulting in a total of 142,030 marks. Examiner demographics were described in terms of age, sex, ethnicity, and total number of candidates examined.Results
FACETS suggested that about 87% of main effect variance was due to candidate differences, 1% due to station differences, and 12% due to differences between examiners in leniency-stringency. Multiple regression suggested that greater examiner stringency was associated with greater examiner experience and being from an ethnic minority. Male and female examiners showed no overall difference in stringency. Examination scores were adjusted for examiner stringency and it was shown that for the present pass mark, the outcome for 95.9% of candidates would be unchanged using adjusted marks, whereas 2.6% of candidates would have passed, even though they had failed on the basis of raw marks, and 1.5% of candidates would have failed, despite passing on the basis of raw marks.Conclusion
Examiners do differ in their leniency or stringency, and the effect can be estimated using Rasch modelling. The reasons for differences are not clear, but there are some demographic correlates, and the effects appear to be reliable across time. Account can be taken of differences, either by adjusting marks or, perhaps more effectively and more justifiably, by pairing high and low stringency examiners, so that raw marks can be used in the determination of pass and fail. 相似文献98.
Manon Vouga Lo Pomar Antoni Soriano-Arandes Carlota Rod Anna Gonc Eduard Gratacos Audrey Merriam Isabelle Eperon Begoa Martinez De Tejada Batrice Eggel Sophie Masmejan Laurence Rochat Blaise Genton Tim Van Mieghem Vronique Lambert Denis Malvy Patrick Grardin David Baud Alice Panchaud 《Viruses》2021,13(2)
In this multicentre cohort study, we evaluated the risks of maternal ZIKV infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes among exposed travellers compared to women living in areas with ZIKV circulation (residents). The risk of maternal infection was lower among travellers compared to residents: 25.0% (n = 36/144) versus 42.9% (n = 309/721); aRR 0.6; 95% CI 0.5–0.8. Risk factors associated with maternal infection among travellers were travelling during the epidemic period (i.e., June 2015 to December 2016) (aOR 29.4; 95% CI 3.7–228.1), travelling to the Caribbean Islands (aOR 3.2; 95% CI 1.2–8.7) and stay duration >2 weeks (aOR 8.7; 95% CI 1.1–71.5). Adverse pregnancy outcomes were observed in 8.3% (n = 3/36) of infected travellers and 12.7% (n = 39/309) of infected residents. Overall, the risk of maternal infections is lower among travellers compared to residents and related to the presence of ongoing outbreaks and stay duration, with stays <2 weeks associated with minimal risk in the absence of ongoing outbreaks. 相似文献
99.
IC Chikanza MB ChB MRCP B Clarke R Hopkins DG Macfarlane MD MRCP H Bird MD FRCP R Grahame FRCP FACP 《International journal of clinical practice》1994,48(2):67-69
SUMMARY In a two-period, double-blind, crossover study, patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and/or hip received etodolac 300 mg twice daily for 4 weeks and naproxen 500 mg twice daily for 4 weeks in random order. The assessment of efficacy showed that naproxen and etodolac were equally effective in the management of pain and stiffness in osteoarthritis. However, a significantly higher proportion of patients preferred naproxen to etodolac for the relief of pain intensity. The incidence of adverse events caused by either drug was the same. 相似文献
100.