氚标记(+)与(-)棉酚在大鼠主要脏器的亚细胞分布及共价结合

给大鼠腹腔及睾内注射氚标记的(+)与(-)棉酚后第7、18天,对主要脏器中各亚细胞组分的总放射活性及共价结合的放射活性进行了动态观察。结果表明,(-)棉酚在心肌线粒体共价结合放射活性较明显高于(+)棉酚;(+)及(-)棉酚在睾丸细胞膜、微粒体共价结合的放射活性随时间增高,且(-)棉酚较为明显。     

氚标记( )与(-)棉酚在大鼠主要脏器的亚细胞分布及共价结合

给大鼠腹腔及睾内注射氚标记的( )与(-)棉酚后第7、18天,对主要脏器中各亚细胞组分的总放射活性及共价结合的放射活性进行了动态观察。结果表明,(-)棉酚在心肌线粒体共价结合放射活性较明显高于( )棉酚;( )及(-)棉酚在睾丸细胞膜、微粒体共价结合的放射活性随时间增高,且(-)棉酚较为明显。     

D,L-聚乳酸降解产物对内皮细胞生长影响的体外实验

目的:观察D,L-聚乳酸体外降解规律和降解产物对内皮细胞生长的影响。方法:实验于2006-06/12在四川大学细胞相容性研究室完成。将D,L-聚乳酸膜在生理盐水中体外无菌降解120d。①计算失质量率:失质量率(%)(降解前本体的质量-降解后本体的质量)/降解前本体的质量×100%。②测定黏均相对分子质量:用乌=氏黏度计外推法测降解后本体的特性黏度,特性黏度与黏均相对分子质量关系式为:η=2.21×104M0.77。③测定降解液的pH值。④乳酸标准曲线的制备:将乳酸稀释为0.16,0.08,0.048,0.032,0.016,0.008g/mL,于262nm的波长处测定吸光度值,对乳酸质量浓度做标准曲线。⑤将不同降解时间的降解液与内皮细胞共培养,分为3组,实验组分别加入不同降解时间的未经稀释的降解液100μL和新鲜培养基100μL,阴性对照组加入生理盐水100μL和培养基100μL,空白对照组加入培养基100μL,各组分别培养1,2,3,4,5,6d。采用MTT法测定内皮细胞的生长。结果:①失质量率:在最初2周内,失质量率增大较快。在20～70d失质量率变化不大。在80～120d失质量率快速增加。②黏均相对分子质量:从开始降解到70d,黏均相对分子质量呈直线下降趋势,之后随时间延长而趋于平缓,且相对分子质量很小。③pH值:前30dpH值下降很快,从6.32降到4.56;在30～70dpH值反而有所上升,上升到5.39;之后急剧下降,在120d时达到2.29。④乳酸的质量浓度:随降解时间延长而增大,前20d达到5.8g/L,70d为16.7g/L,120d时达到24.4g/L。⑤不同降解时间的降解液作用下内皮细胞的生长情况:前70d的降解液对内皮细胞生长有促进作用,70d后的降解液明显抑制内皮细胞生长,到120d时降解液使内皮细胞表现显著的细胞毒性,细胞出现凋亡。结论:D,L-聚乳酸膜降解后,70d前降解液促进内皮细胞生长,70d后至120d降解液对内皮细胞生长的影响从抑制作用到细胞毒性逐渐增强。本实验表明D,L-聚乳酸的降解产物在局部积累达一定浓度后对内皮细胞生长的微生态环境有极大的改变,将导致细胞毒性增强,甚至细胞凋亡。     

脊髓型颈椎病患者颈椎间盘白细胞介素6和肿瘤坏死因子α水平与日本骨科学会颈髓功能评分的相关性

目的:检测脊髓型颈椎病患者颈椎间盘组织中白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α的水平,分析其与日本骨科协会颈髓功能评分(JOA)的相关性,探讨免疫反应在脊髓型颈椎病发病机制中的作用。方法:病例来源于2005-11-10/2006-06-30在安徽医科大学第一附属医院骨科住院患者,27例脊髓型颈椎病患者为脊髓型颈椎病组,另外16例无颈椎病史的颈椎外伤患者为对照组。两组均经颈椎前路手术中切取的颈椎间盘组织,应用放射免疫分析法测定两组椎间盘组织中白细胞介素6和肿瘤坏死因子α的水平。脊髓型颈椎病患者组依据JOA评分分成重、中度组(0～12分,20例)和轻度组(13～17分,7例)。结果:43例全部进入结果分析。①脊髓型颈椎病组颈椎间盘组织内白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α的水平均明显高于对照组[白细胞介素6:(34.521±18.592),(15.041±6.562)ng/L;肿瘤坏死因子α:(6.071±1.912),(3.143±0.630)pmol/L;P均<0.01]。②脊髓型颈椎病患者重、中度组椎间盘中肿瘤坏死因子α水平明显高于轻度组(P<0.01)。结论:①脊髓型颈椎病患者的颈椎间盘组织内白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α的分泌增多。②脊髓型颈椎病患者颈椎间盘中肿瘤坏死因子α的水平与脊髓功能有相关性,提示脊髓型颈椎病患者临床症状的轻重与免疫反应之间存在着一定的关系。     

A nonpharmacological intervention to improve sleep in nursing home patients: results of a controlled clinical trial

OBJECTIVES: To improve nighttime sleep in nursing home patients. DESIGN: Controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Eight community nursing homes enrolled two at a time. PARTICIPANTS: Of 1,077 patients assessed in the eight nursing homes, 638 (59%) were eligible, and consent was obtained for 273 (43% of those eligible). Of the 230 who underwent baseline assessments, 173 completed the immediate-intervention phase of the trial (77 in the intervention group and 96 in the control group). A total of 160 subjects completed the intervention (77 in the immediate-intervention group and 83 in the delayed-intervention phase). INTERVENTION: Trained research staff provided the intervention, which included daytime physical activity and attempts to keep subjects out of bed, evening bright light exposure, a consistent bedtime routine, nighttime care routines designed to minimize sleep disruption, and strategies to reduce nighttime noise. Subjects from one nursing home received the intervention (Group 1), whereas subjects in the second nursing home served as a control group (Group 2); then Group 2 received the intervention. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes included measures of sleep recorded using wrist actigraphy in all subjects and polysomnography in a subgroup of subjects. Secondary measures included assessments of mood and behavior using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, the Geriatric Depression Scale, and behavioral observations. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in any of the primary actigraphic sleep outcome measures between the intervention and control group after the immediate-intervention phase of the trial. In the 160 subjects who completed the intervention, there were no significant changes in any actigraphic measure of nighttime sleep, nor were there any significant changes in measures of sleep in the 45 subjects who had baseline and intervention polysomnography. CONCLUSION: This multicomponent, nonpharmacological intervention conducted by trained research staff had no effect on nighttime sleep in this sample of nursing home patients. Enhanced nonpharmacological interventions should be developed and tested and combined with environmental interventions to mitigate noise when feasible. Adjunctive drug therapy may be needed to improve sleep in a substantial proportion of this population and should be tested in addition to nonpharmacological interventions in rigorous clinical trials.     

Factors associated with variability in response of diabetic macular oedema after intravitreal triamcinolone

Purpose:  To identify factors associated with variability in anatomical and functional response of diabetic macular oedema (DMO) after 4 mg of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (ivTA), and for recurrence of macular oedema.
Design:  Pooled analysis of individual data from two randomized controlled trials.
Methods:  This was a multicentre study involving 107 eyes with DMO administered 4 mg ivTA. Predictive factors for response to treatment were evaluated with linear regression analysis. Factors associated with time to recurrence of oedema were studied with Cox proportional hazards modelling. Main outcome measures were maximum improvement in optical coherence tomography (OCT)-measured central foveal thickness (CFT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), final CFT and BCVA at 12 months and time to oedema recurrence.
Results:  Greater reduction of retinal thickening occurred in eyes with worse baseline thickening ( P  < 0.001). There was also greater improvement of visual acuity in eyes with poorer preoperative BCVA levels ( P  < 0.001). Age, duration of oedema and previous macular laser treatment had no significant effect on maximal BCVA or CFT improvement. Eyes given 4 mg triamcinolone alone were more likely to develop recurrence of oedema at 12 months than those given a combination of 4 mg triamcinolone plus sequential laser (hazard ratio 2.60 [95% confidence interval: 1.45–4.67]).
Conclusion:  Baseline OCT-measured retinal thickening and BCVA are important predictors of maximal anatomical and functional response of DMO to ivTA, respectively. Combination treatment strategy using sequential laser therapy may have a role in delaying recurrence of oedema after triamcinolone.