Spontaneous ileal perforation complicating low anorectal malformation

Anorectal malformation is a common anomaly in neonates. Although colorectal perforations have been reported as a complication, ileal perforation is rarely encountered. This is a report of a 2-day-old boy presenting with a low anorectal malformation, complicated with ileal perforation, necessitating laparotomy and ileal repair. Anoplasty was done for the low anomaly. Early presentation and prompt treatment of anorectal malformations is important to prevent such potential life threatening complication.Key words: Ileal perforation, low anorectal anomaly, spontaneous     

The role of inflammation and cell death in the pathogenesis,progression and treatment of heart failure

Chronic inflammation underlies a variety of seemingly unrelated conditions including coronary artery disease. The interest in exploring the role of inflammation in heart failure (CHF) arises from earlier observations that circulating pro-inflammatory biomarker levels are elevated in patients with both ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies and correlate with severity of disease and prognosis (McMurray et al. in Eur Heart J 33:1787–1847, 2012; Mosterd and Hoes in Heart 93:1137–1146, 2007; Owan et al. in New Engl J Med 355:251–259, 2006). In acute decompensated HF, pro-inflammatory biomarker levels have been associated with mortality and readmission rates (Cowie et al. in Heart 83:505–510, 2000). Similar to neurohormonal activation and inflammation, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines is a response to stress in an attempt to restore cellular function. However, sustained expression and exposure to cytokines can lead to left ventricular dysfunction, negative inotropic effects, altered cardiac metabolism, myocardial remodelling and HF progression. However, it is unclear whether elevated levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, signify an ongoing inflammatory process that leads to HF progression, or are merely markers of advanced disease. Beta-blockers, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone axis antagonists, statins and immunosuppressants have been found to decrease the levels of cytokines in small clinical studies of patients with HF (Hobbs et al. in Heart J 28:1128–1134, 2007). However, ‘immunomodulatory’ approaches applied in the RECOVER, RENAISSANCE, ATTACH, IMAC and ACCLAIM double-blind, placebo-controlled studies had neutral or negative effects on outcomes of patients with HF. In the present review, we focus on the role of inflammation in pathogenesis and progression of the HF, the value of pro-inflammatory cytokines as biomarkers and the potential therapeutic applications of immunomodulation in HF patients.     

Improved Seedling Growth and Seed Germination in Legume Crop Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper Utilizing Marine Macro Algal Extracts

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - The impact of seaweed liquid extract (SLE) of Laurencia pinnatifida, Surgassum duplicatum and Caulerpa...