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31.
32.
The DASH diet and blood pressure 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Craddick SR Elmer PJ Obarzanek E Vollmer WM Svetkey LP Swain MC 《Current atherosclerosis reports》2003,5(6):484-491
High blood pressure (also called hypertension) is one of the most important and common risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular
disease (CVD) and other chronic diseases. National guidelines recommend that all individuals with blood pressure readings
of 120/80 mm Hg or higher adopt healthy lifestyle habits, including the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet,
to manage their blood pressure. The DASH diet, which is high in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products and reduced
in fat, has been shown in large, randomized, controlled trials to reduce blood pressure significantly. The DASH diet also
has been shown to reduce blood cholesterol and homocysteine levels and to enhance the benefits of antihypertensive drug therapy.
The DASH diet should be promoted, along with maintaining healthy weight, reducing sodium intake, increasing regular physical
activity, and limiting alcohol intake, for lowering blood pressure and reducing the risk of CVD. 相似文献
33.
Congenital triangular alopecia is a nonscarring loss of hair mass on the scalp's temporal regions. The area of hair diminution commonly is described as triangular or lancet shaped. Although previously considered congenital, this condition usually is noticed after 2 years of age and, more recently, is thought to be acquired. We propose that this entity be renamed triangular alopecia. Because this condition involves normal rather than inflamed skin, it does not respond to topical or intralesional steroids. It is important to make the correct diagnosis to avoid unnecessary and potentially harmful interventions. We present the case of a 10-year-old boy with triangular alopecia. 相似文献
34.
Elmer R. Freeman Doug Brugge Willie Mae Bennett-Bradley Jonathan I. Levy Edna Rivera Carrasco 《Journal of urban health》2006,83(6):1013-1021
Boston is one of the preeminent health care and research centers in the world, but for much of its urban core, these resources
are largely out of reach. Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) provides a model with the potential to bridge the
gaps between its research prominence and the health of its residents. We report here two case studies of major research projects
that were partnerships between universities in Boston and community based organizations and city agencies. The Healthy Public
Housing Initiative (HPHI) and the Asthma Center on Community Environment and Social Stress (ACCESS) are projects that provide
numerous lessons about the potential and challenges of conducting CBPR. Ensuring that the projects were true partnerships
emerged as key issues in both, especially with respect to funding mechanisms and distribution of resources, although the nature
of the challenges differed substantially in the two projects. We note that both academic and community partners may harbor
stereotypes about the other and that generalizations about broad populations, academics or community members, may not apply
well to everyone. Aligning objectives and expectations emerged as another key lesson. In HPHI, tension between service delivery
and research was both a source of conflict and a source of creative development that led to divergent but interesting outcomes.
In ACCESS, the tensions revolved more around community capacity building while attempting to build and maintain a large cohort
for epidemiological investigations. We conclude that open and frank discussion and a transparent process upfront about project
direction, finances, expectations, and other dimensions are necessary but not sufficient to address the inherent challenges
in CBPR, and that even so, there are likely to be differences in perspective in such partnerships that require honest negotiation
throughout the process of the project. 相似文献
35.
Infant injuries: accident or abuse? 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
36.
Oat products and lipid lowering. A meta-analysis. 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11
C M Ripsin J M Keenan D R Jacobs P J Elmer R R Welch L Van Horn K Liu W H Turnbull F W Thye M Kestin 《JAMA》1992,267(24):3317-3325
OBJECTIVES--To test the a priori hypothesis that consumption of oats will lower the blood total cholesterol level and to assess modifiers and confounders of this association. DATA SOURCES--A computerized literature (MEDLINE) search and the Quaker Oats Co identified published and unpublished trials as of March 1991. Raw data were requested for all trials. STUDY SELECTION--Trials were included in summary effect size estimates if they were randomized and controlled, if a formal assessment of diet and body weight changes occurred, and, if raw data were not received, if there was enough information in the published report to perform calculations. DATA SYNTHESIS--Twenty trials were identified. Using the methods of DerSimonian and Laird, a summary effect size for change in blood total cholesterol level of -0.13 mmol/L (-5.9 mg/dL) (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.19 to -0.017 mmol/L [-8.4 to -3.3 mg/dL]) was calculated for the 10 trials meeting the inclusion criteria. The summary effect size for trials using wheat control groups was -0.11 mmol/L (-4.4 mg/dL) (95% CI, -0.21 to -0.01 mmol/L [-8.3 to -0.38 mg/dL]). Calculation of Keys scores demonstrated that substituting carbohydrates for dietary fats and cholesterol did not account for the majority of blood cholesterol reduction. Larger reductions were seen in trials in which subjects had initially higher blood cholesterol levels (greater than or equal to 5.9 mmol/L [greater than or equal to 229 mg/dL]), particularly when a dose of 3 g or more of soluble fiber was employed. CONCLUSION--This analysis supports the hypothesis that incorporating oat products into the diet causes a modest reduction in blood cholesterol level. 相似文献
37.
Low-sodium, high-potassium diet: feasibility and acceptability in a normotensive population 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
R W Jeffery P L Pirie P J Elmer W M Bjornson-Benson V A Mullenbach C L Kurth S L Johnson 《American journal of public health》1984,74(5):492-494
Sixty-nine normotensive volunteers participated in an eight-week study to test the feasibility and acceptability of two low-sodium (less than 70 mEq), high-potassium (greater than 100 mEq) diets. The diet groups differed only in the use of KCl salt substitute. Both dietary groups were able to reduce sodium and increase potassium intake compared to the control group. Urine sodium excretion decreased in the diet groups but no change was observed in potassium. Potassium chloride salt substitute was not used as recommended, suggesting its unacceptability. 相似文献
38.
Susie Linder-Pelz M.P.H. Ph.D. Elmer L. Struening Ph.D. 《Journal of community health》1985,10(1):42-54
Three hypotheses regarding the factor structure of patient satisfaction with an ambulatory health care encounter were tested in a New York medical center outpatient sample. All three hypotheses were generally supported. It was found that patients evaluated four distinct aspects of the clinic visit: doctor conduct, convenience, appointment getting, and the visit in general. A significant proportion of the variance in general satisfaction was explained by satisfaction with doctor conduct and satisfaction with convenience. Three factor scales of patient satisfaction were developed with demonstrable internal consistency reliability. Some possible effects of response method on satisfaction ratings were studied; these method effects were not substantial, and it is suggested that this type of psychometric procedure be used in further studies of patient satisfaction.Susie Linder-Pelz, M.P.H., Ph.D., is with the Commonwealth Institute of Health in Australia. Elmer L. Struening, Ph.D., is with the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University.This research was supported in part by a World Health Organization graduate fellowship. Address communications to: Dr. Susie Linder-Pelz, Commonwealth Institute of Health, University of Sydney, N.S.W. 2008, Australia. 相似文献
39.
Release of atherosclerotic debris after transluminal angioplasty 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
To determine if there is release of endothelial cells or plaque contents after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, effluent from atherosclerotic segments of the aorta and iliac arteries of rabbits were collected before and after angioplasty. No endothelial cells or cholesterol plates were identified in the preangioplasty effluents. Only a few single endothelial cells and cholesterol crystals were found in effluents after angioplasty. We conclude that embolization of endothelial fragments and cholesterol plates occurs during angioplasty, but only to a minor degree, and is probably not clinically important. 相似文献
40.