安宫牛黄丸中小檗碱的HPLC法测定

本文报道用HPLC法测定黄连及含黄连中成药安宫牛黄丸中小檗碱型生物碱。实验结果表明选用硅胶柱为固定相,以醋酸乙酯—甲酸—乙醇(15:3:2)为流动相,能使样品中四种小檗碱型的生物碱获得最佳分离。用此法测得不同厂家生产的安宫牛黄丸中盐酸小檗碱的含量为0.331～0.456%,平均回收率为97.23%,变异系数为1.2%。     

Evaluation of keratoplasty in cases of post-inflammatory corneal opacity with vascularization

Penetrating keratoplasty was performed in 106 cases of post-inflammatory corneal opacity with vascularization. Donor material obtained post mortem was preserved in a moist chamber, MK-medium at 4 degrees C or in culture medium at room temperature. 55.7% of patients gained a useful vision after keratoplasty. The post-operative spherical error of refraction was found to be -1.4 +/- 3.6 D and the astigmatic error of refraction -3.3 +/- 2.0 D. The post-operative visual acuity was found to be 0.2 +/- 0.2. The ocular pathology associated with keratoplasty is discussed.     

Linkage of the MHC to familial multiple sclerosis suggests genetic heterogeneity. The Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Group

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. While its etiology is not well understood, genetic factors are clearly involved. Until recently, most genetic studies in MS have been association studies using the case-control design testing specific candidate genes and studying only sporadic cases. The only consistently replicated finding has been an association with the HLA-DR2 allele within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6. Using the genetic linkage design, however, evidence for and against linkage of the MHC to MS has been found, fostering suggestions that sporadic and familial MS have different etiologies. Most recently, two of four genomic screens demonstrated linkage to the MHC, although specific allelic associations were not tested. Here, a dataset of 98 multiplex families was studied to test for an association to the HLA-DR2 allele in familial MS and to determine if genetic linkage to the MHC was due solely to such an association. Three highly polymorphic markers (HLA-DR, D6S273 and TNFbeta) in the MHC demonstrated strong genetic linkage (parametric lod scores of 4.60, 2.20 and 1.24, respectively) and a specific association with the HLA-DR2 allele was confirmed (TDT; P < 0.001). Stratifying the results by HLA-DR2 status showed that the linkage results were limited to families segregating HLA-DR2 alleles. These results demonstrate that genetic linkage to the MHC can be explained by the HLA-DR2 allelic association. They also indicate that sporadic and familial MS share a common genetic susceptibility. In addition, preliminary calculations suggest that the MHC explains between 17 and 62% of the genetic etiology of MS. This heterogeneity is also supported by the minority of families showing no linkage or association with loci within the MHC.      

Preterm neonatal cardiovascular instability: Does understanding the fetus help evaluate the newborn?

相似文献   

Trans?sophageale Echokardiographie Perioperative Beurteilung der Herzklappen Perioperative Beurteilung der Herzklappen

Der hohe Stellenwert der trans?sophagealen Echokardiographie (TEE) in der perioperativen Medizin ist unumstritten. Die TEE gestattet eine direkte bildgebende Darstellung von pathologischen Ver?nderungen des Herzens. Daher ist die TEE das Verfahren der Wahl zur Diagnose und Graduierung von Herzklappenerkrankungen. über die direkte bildliche Darstellung hinaus erlaubt die TEE eine objektivierbare h?modynamische Beurteilung der Klappen- und Ventrikelfunktion. Durch Messung von Blutflussgeschwindigkeiten werden Druckgradienten über stenotischen Klappen ermittelt. Unter Anwendung der Kontinuit?tsgleichung oder der Planimetrie lassen sich Klappen?ffnungsfl?chen bestimmen. Bei einer Klappeninsuffizienz wird der Schweregrad mittels color flow, continuous oder pulsed-wave Doppler abgesch?tzt.     

Evaluation of EEG alpha activity in sons of alcoholics

The results of computer-analyzed electroencephalographic (EEG) data from 24 sons of alcoholics (family history positive [FHP]) and their matched controls (family history negative [FHN]) were compared before and 90 minutes following alcohol and placebo challenge. Blind analysis of the data revealed that FHP men had more energy in the fast-frequency alpha range (9 to 12 Hz) of their EEG than did FHN subjects at baseline. EEG response to ethanol was also found to differ between the two groups. FHN but not FHP subjects evidenced a decrease in fast-frequency alpha energy following ethanol challenge. These data support other evidence of a less intense reaction to ethanol in FHPs as measured by subjective response, body sway, and hormone levels. In addition, these findings suggest that certain normal alpha wave variants may be more common in sons of alcoholics.     

黄柏及中成药中小檗碱和巴马亭的高效液相色谱法测定

本文以正相高效液相色谱法,用窗口图解技术对色谱条件进行了优化。对黄柏及其中成药中的有效成分——小檗碱、巴马亭的提取、测定条件、标准曲线进行了研究。并对两种含黄柏的中成药样品进行了分析。其中小檗碱的回收率均在97%以上,巴马亭的回收率均在96%以上。     

Some metabolic changes during human corneal organ culture

In order to evaluate the changes in medium composition during closed system corneal organ culture at 30 degrees C, pH, pO2, glucose and lactate was measured 1 to 7, 14 and 28 days after incubation of a total of 49 human corneas. During organ culture pO2 decreased from 17.3 kPa to 8.8 kPa at day 28. The average oxygen consumption was initially 0.16 mumole/h/cm2, but decreased rapidly to an average of 0.04 mumole/h/cm2 during the first weeks of incubation. The glucose concentration fell from 5.1 mM to 0.25 mM after 28 days, and the lactate concentration rose from 2.5 mM to 11 mM. The concentration changes were for both substances highest during the first 14 days of organ culture. The pH fell from 7.36 to 6.64 after 28 days. These findings indicate that the cultured human cornea predominantly metabolizes glucose anaerobically, and that the metabolic activity decreases during incubation. The limiting metabolic factors for prolonging the culture period seem to be development of severe acidosis and glucose depletion in the medium.