A study on staging bone scans in newly diagnosed prostate cancer

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the role of bone scan as a staging investigation in newly diagnosed untreated prostate cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bone scan results in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer were reviewed and correlated with clinical stage, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and Gleason scores from the biopsy specimen. RESULTS: In all, 124 patients fulfilled inclusion criteria with an age range of 51-94 (mean 72.3) years. Pre-biopsy PSA ranged from 2.2 to 5,864 with a median of 21.1 ng/ml. Clinical stage was T0-T1c 14.5%, T2a 41.9%, T2b 17.7%, T3 16.9%, and T4 9%. A Gleason score of 7 was found in 31%. Four patients' samples were not suitable for Gleason scoring. Twenty patients (16.1%) had a positive bone scan with a mean age of 79.4 years (median 83). Two patients with PSA<20 ng/ml were positive. Of the 44 scans performed in the patients with PSA相似文献   

Primary central nervous lymphoma presenting as bilateral cerebellopontine angle lesions: a rare case report.

The authors describe a rare case of primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma presenting as bilateral cerebellopontine angle lesions. Imaging showed bilateral cerebellopontine angle lesions and also a small mass in right lateral ventricle and anterior third ventricle region. The right cerebellopontine angle mass was surgically excised and radio- and chemotherapy given for the remaining lesions. This is the second case reported in the world literature. The case is discussed and the literature is reviewed.     

The role of somatosensory evoked potentials in spinal dysraphism – do they have a prognostic significance?

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) are not routinely used in spinal dysraphism. In this study 38 patients (29 children and 9 adults) with spinal dysraphism were prospectively studied with the objective of evaluating whether SEPs were a prognostic tool that could be used to predict clinical improvement after repair of a spinal dysraphic lesion. For all patients, preoperative SEP and postoperative SEP (within 1 week of operation) were recorded. Fifteen of these patients also had follow-up postoperative SEP recordings taken within 3 months of operation. A clinical examination was performed at the time of each SEP. Thirty patients had tethered cord, 12 had diastematomyelia and 15 had intra- and/or extradural tumours, which included lipomas and dermoid and epidermoid tumours. Twenty-one children and all adults had abnormal preoperative SEPs. Sixteen children and 4 adults had improved SEPs postoperatively. All these children and 2 of the 4 adults also experienced clinical improvement. Improvement in SEPs preceded clinical improvement in 12/20 patients. We observe that SEPs have a good prognostic value. Received: 14 December 1997     

Effect of cellulose and ispaghula husk on fasting blood glucose of developing rats

Fasting blood sugar was measured at the beginning and end of a 4-wk dietary period during which weanling rats were fed either a fibre-free diet, or a similar diet containing cellulose or ispaghula husk. The fibre-free group showed no significant change, but the groups fed cellulose or ispaghula showed a significant fall in fasting blood sugar.     

A brief but comprehensive lifestyle education program based on yoga reduces risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to study the short-term impact of a brief lifestyle intervention based on yoga on some of the biochemical indicators of risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: The variables of interest were measured at the beginning (day 1) and end (day 10) of the intervention using a pre-post design. SETTING: The study is the result of operational research carried out in our Integral Health Clinic (IHC). The IHC is an outpatient facility which conducts 8-day lifestyle modification programs based on yoga for prevention and management of chronic disease. A new course begins every alternate week of the year. SUBJECTS: The study is based on data collected on 98 subjects (67 male, 31 female), ages 20-74 years, who attended one of our programs. The subjects were a heterogeneous group of patients with hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and a variety of other illnesses. INTERVENTION: The intervention consisted of asanas (postures), pranayama (breathing exercises), relaxation techniques, group support, individualized advice, lectures and films on the philosophy of yoga and the place of yoga in daily life, meditation, stress management, nutrition, and knowledge about the illness. OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome measures were fasting plasma glucose and serum lipoprotein profile. These variables were determined in fasting blood samples, taken on the first and last day of the course. RESULTS: Fasting plasma glucose, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very- LDL cholesterol, the ratio of total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and total triglycerides were significantly lower, and HDL cholesterol significantly higher, on the last day of the course compared to the first day of the course. The changes were more marked in subjects with hyperglycemia or hypercholesterolemia. CONCLUSIONS: The observations suggest that a short lifestyle modification and stress management education program leads to favorable metabolic effects within a period of 9 days.     

Hematology of Indian rhacophorid tree frog Polypedates maculatus Gray, 1833 (Anura: Rhacophoridae)

Hematology of free-living Indian rhacophorid tree frog, Polypedates maculatus, was studied. Sex wise variations in the hematological values, as well as significant correlation between size and different hematological parameters, were observed in this species.     

Molecular Characterisation of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease Viruses from Pakistan, 2005–2008

Foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD), an economically important disease of cloven‐hoofed animals, is endemic in Pakistan where three virus serotypes are present (O, A and Asia 1). Fifty‐eight clinical samples collected between 2005 and 2008 from animals with suspected FMD in various locations in Pakistan were subjected to virus isolation on primary cell culture, antigen ELISA and real‐time RT‐PCR (rRT‐PCR). Viruses were isolated from 32 of these samples and identified as FMDV type O (n = 31) or type A (n = 1). Foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) genome was detected in a further 11 samples by real‐time RT‐PCR. Phylogenetic analyses of the VP1 nucleotide sequences showed that all of the type O viruses belonged to the MIDDLE EAST–SOUTH ASIA topotype with the majority belonging to the PanAsia‐2 lineage; a single example of the older PanAsia lineage was identified. The single FMDV type A virus belonged to the ASIA topotype, but did not cluster with known strains that are currently circulating (such as Iran‐05) and was not closely related to other type A viruses from the region. These findings demonstrate the widespread distribution of O‐PanAsia‐2 in Pakistan and the presence of undisclosed novel type A lineages in the region.     

Cytochemical, immunophenotypic and ultrastructural characterization of acute leukemias: a prospective study of fifty cases: haematological malignancy

Cytochemistry and immunophenotyping are established methods in the diagnosis of most leukemias but the role of electron microscopy in diagnosis, apart from understanding the cellular morphology is less studied. We present here 50 cases of acute leukemias that were studied for morphology, conventional cytochemistry, immunophenotyping and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), including ultrastructural cytochemistry using myeloperoxidase (MPO) and platelet peroxidase activity. TEM morphology using ultrastructural cytochemistry helped in definitive typing in one mixed lineage leukemia case, one AML-M5b, one AML-M6b and one microgranular variant of APML. Thus, ultrastructural studies may be useful in accurate diagnosis of biphenotypic leukemia and further classification of acute leukemias. Also, in cases with hypercellular marrow and with associated myelofibrosis, where the marrow aspirate gives low cell count, ultrastructural studies are a valuable aid to arriving at an accurate diagnosis.