Anti-apoptotic effect of insulin in the control of cell death and neurologic deficit after acute spinal cord injury in rats

Recent studies confirmed that the new cell survival signal pathway of Insulin-PI3K-Akt exerted cyto-protective actions involving anti-apoptosis. This study was undertaken to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of insulin in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury (SCI) and evaluate its therapeutic effects in adult rats. SCI was produced by extradural compression using modified Allen's stall with damage energy of 40 g-cm force. One group of rats was subjected to SCI in combination with the administration of recombinant human insulin dissolved in 50% glucose solution at the dose of 1 IU/kg day, for 7 days. At the same time, another group of rats was subjected to SCI in combination with the administration of an equal volume of sterile saline solution. Functional recovery was evaluated using open-field walking, inclined plane tests, and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) during the first 14 days post-trauma. Levels of protein for B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 gene (Bcl-2), Caspase-3, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were quantified in the injured spinal cord by Western blot analysis. Neuronal apoptosis was detected by TUNEL, and spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Ultimately, the data established the effectiveness of insulin treatment in improving neurologic recovery, increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic bcl-2 proteins, inhibiting caspase-3 expression decreasing neuronal apoptosis, reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines iNOS and COX-2, and ameliorating microcirculation of injured spinal cord after moderate contusive SCI in rats. In sum, this study reported the beneficial effects of insulin in the treatment of SCI, with the suggestion that insulin should be considered as a potential therapeutic agent.     

肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓的外科治疗

肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓的治疗仍是医学难题,一直被视为手术禁忌证.患者主要接受非手术治疗或放弃治疗,其生存率较低.近年来随着医学的进步,手术治疗肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓的成功率逐年增高.201 1年5月哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院为1例肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓患者行肝脏Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ段切除＋下腔静脉癌栓取出术.术前CT检查示肝Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ段占位性病变,下腔静脉内癌栓充盈,三维重建测算左半肝体积489 cm^3,低于最小存活肝脏体积.为了最大限度保留剩余肝脏,拟行保留肝Ⅵ段的右半肝切除术,于全肝血流阻断下腔静脉癌栓取出术.患者术后恢复良好,术后18个月复查未见明显复发转移症状.     

后腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除并下腔静脉癌栓取出术的麻醉管理

目的探讨后腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除并下腔静脉癌栓取出术的麻醉管理要点。方法回顾性分析2010年12月一2014年6月3例后腹腔镜肾癌并下腔静脉癌栓根治术患者的围术期临床资料。I型癌栓2例,Ⅱ型癌栓1例。气管插管全身麻醉,Ⅱ型癌栓术中行短暂下腔静脉阻断。结果3例均顺利完成取栓,无中转开腹,手术时间244、333、289rain,1例下腔静脉完全阻断时间10rain,术中均未发生肺栓塞及其他严重麻醉并发症。l例术后拔管返回普通病房,2例转入ICU后24h内拔气管导管并转回普通病房。结论后腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除并下腔静脉癌栓取出术是新型、高危但可行的手术方式,麻醉医师应当熟知具体手术操作步骤,以制定相关麻醉计划并密切配合,密切关注下腔静脉阻断期间循环波动,严防大出血、肺栓塞等严重并发症的发生。     

Awareness of and attitudes towards infertility and its treatment： a cross-sectional survey of men in a United States primary care population

Previous studies have described racial and socioeconomic disparities in the treatment of infertility. Patient factors such as attitudes and awareness may be contributing factors. Since primary care is often the setting that serves as an entry into other areas of medicine, we sought to evaluate men＇s attitudes and awareness of male infertility in the primary care setting. To do this, we performed a cross-sectional survey of men＇s attitudes toward men＇s health issues in 210 men from two primary care clinic waiting rooms in Atlanta, Georgia. The survey was self-administered with closed-ended question items and was approximately 20 min in length. Of the 310 men approached, 210 agreed to participate and returned completed surveys. Overall, 52% of men said they were ＂very＂ or ＂somewhat＂ familiar with infertility and 25% were familiar with treatments for infertility. Some men had heard of surgery （21%） and medication （35%） as treatments for male infertility. Awareness and familiarity with the condition was greater in high socioeconomic status men （i.e. college graduates or those with income 〉$100 k per year） but did not differ by race on multivariate analysis. Attitudes toward infertility varied by race with non-Caucasian men being more likely to indicate that infertility is a serious condition, to be concerned about infertility, and to believe it decreases a man＇s quality-of-life. Therefore, a lack of awareness, but not negative attitudes, may contribute to previously-described disparities in the treatment of infertility.     

Primary study in maturity status of native arteriovenous fistula on the wrist

Object To investigate the maturity status of the cephalic vein when the native arteriovenous fistula matures and set up indicators of a matured native arteriovenous fistula. Methods The diameter, flow rate and wall thickness of the cephalic vein were prospectively measured by Doppler ultrasound after the native fistula was created. Mature judgment was done by skilled nurses depending on their experience before the fistula was punctured. The ultrasound data was marked as proposed mature at the same time. After three times dialysis, if blood flow was fluent and complications such as prolonged bleeding time and hematoma were absent, fistula mature was confirmed. Results Thirty-one patients were admitted to the study, then fistula were matured. The average age of those patients was (52.93±3.21) years old. Thirteen patients were female. Twenty two fistula located on the left arm. Thirteen of the patients were diabetic nephropathy. The average diameter of cephalic vein was increased from (3.10±0.11) mm before surgery to (4.74±0.16) mm when the fistula was matured, though it was still smaller than 6 mm which K/DOQI guideline had recommended (P＜0.05). The average mature period was (57.10±3.21) days. The matured fistula had an average high flow rate of (569.76±48.34) ml/min and wall thickness of (0.95±0.04) mm. The one-side 95% credibility interval of the diameter, flow rate and wall thickness of cephalic vein was 4.44 mm, 486.37 ml/min and 0.67 mm, respectively. Conclusions The diameter of cephalic vein in a matured native arteriovenous fistula in our study was significantly smaller than 6 mm which K/DOQI guideline had recommended. The indicators of native arteriovenous fistula mature in our country may different from abroad.     

腹腔镜脾切除术的并发症及其防治

目的 探讨腹腔镜脾切除术（laparoscopic splenectomy,LS）的并发症以及防治方法.方法 78例LS患者,其中特发性血小板减少性紫癜24例,溶血性贫血5例,脾囊肿6例,脾血管瘤4例,外伤性脾血肿6例,肝硬化脾功能亢进33例.术前行脾脏64排CT血管造影（CTA）检查,回顾性研究LS的并发症并进行总结.结果 78例LS中转开腹5例,1例进行二次剖腹探查手术,3例脾窝感染和2例胰瘘,迟发型胃瘘1例,脾组织残留1例,无术后严重并发症.结论 LS在经过30例以上的经验积累,其并发症可以显著的减少,精细的二级脾蒂分离技术是保证手术安全的操作基础.只要经验足够,LS是一种安全有效的首选方法.     

布鲁菌病研究进展

布鲁菌病是最常见的人畜共患病之一,呈全球范围流行,而我国近年来布鲁菌病发病率不断上升,给公众健康和社会经济带来的严重危害。布鲁菌病可以累及全身各个系统,若治疗不及时或不规范易复发或者呈现慢性化,甚至可以发生各种并发症而严重影响患者预后,故早诊断和早治疗至关重要。本文就布鲁菌病的病原学、流行现状、各系统临床表现以及实验室诊断和并发症的治疗进展进行综述。     

神经型布鲁菌病临床特点和实验室诊断分析

目的总结神经型布鲁菌病（NB）的临床及实验室诊断过程,为提高临床和实验室对该病的认识和早期诊疗提供经验。 方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年1月于首都医科大学宣武医院确诊的12例神经型布鲁菌病患者的临床表现、流行病学资料及脑脊液（CSF）培养等病原学检查、影像学表现和其他实验室检查结果,并与非神经型布鲁菌病患者比较平均发病年龄,CSF白细胞数、蛋白含量、氯化物、葡萄糖水平等。 结果12例神经型布鲁菌病患者中男性9例,女性3例,平均年龄为（43 ± 14）岁;10例患者来自流行地区,9例有明确的流行病学接触史,其中3例既往诊断布鲁菌病;12例患者均出现不同程度发热,6例有头痛伴脑膜刺激征表现;3例患者表现为复视、视力下降;伴有听力减退伴步态不稳,肢体麻木无力,精神状态改变者各4例。血清布鲁杆菌凝集试验阳性（100%）较CSF凝集阳性率（58.3%）和CSF培养阳性率（46.1%）对临床诊断神经型布鲁菌病价值较大,差异具有统计学意义（χ² = 52.68、P = 0.005,χ² = 73.79、P = 0.005）;12例NB患者CSF白细胞数（单核为主）和蛋白均不同程度升高,葡萄糖、氯化物正常或减低,与非NB感染者相比,CSF葡萄糖检测具有重要价值（P均< 0.05）。给予多西环素或米诺环素+利福平+头孢曲松治疗后12例患者均预后良好。 结论神经型布鲁菌病临床表现多样,易误诊或漏诊,非疫区医务人员应重视CSF血瓶培养及布鲁杆菌凝集,加强多学科协作交流以及早确诊及早治疗。     

黄芪保心汤治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床观察

目的:观察黄芪保心汤治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效,并探讨其相关作用机制。方法:纳入痰瘀互结证冠心病心绞痛患者126例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各63例。对照组患者给予西医常规治疗,治疗组患者在西医常规治疗基础上加服黄芪保心汤,两组治疗周期均为8周。评价两组患者的中医证候疗效;检测患者的血浆黏度、红细胞压积、全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度、纤维蛋白原(Fg)等血液流变学指标,检测天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及血浆内皮素(ET)、血栓素B2(TXB2)、前列腺素F1α(PGF1α)水平。结果:治疗后,治疗组的中医证候疗效总有效率为90.48%,对照组为84.13%,治疗组疗效优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者的血浆黏度、红细胞压积、全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度、Fg水平均明显降低(P0.05,P0.01),对照组患者的全血低切黏度、Fg水平亦明显降低(P0.05,P0.01),且治疗组患者的血浆黏度、全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度水平低于对照组(P0.01)。治疗后,两组患者的CK-MB、CK、LDH水平均显著降低(P0.05,P0.01),治疗组患者的AST水平亦降低(P0.01),且治疗组患者的CK-MB、CK、LDH、AST水平低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01);治疗后,两组患者的TXB2、ET水平均显著降低(P0.01),PGF1α水平升高(P0.01),且治疗组患者的TXB2、ET水平低于对照组(P0.05),PGF1α水平高于对照组(P0.01)。结论:黄芪保心汤结合西医常规疗法治疗痰瘀互结证冠心病心绞痛患者,能够较好改善患者的中医证候,降低患者的心肌酶水平,减轻心肌细胞损伤,其作用机制可能与改善患者的血液流变学,提高血浆PGF1α及降低TXB2、ET水平有关。