全文获取类型
收费全文 | 479篇 |
免费 | 20篇 |
国内免费 | 35篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 2篇 |
儿科学 | 27篇 |
妇产科学 | 5篇 |
基础医学 | 33篇 |
口腔科学 | 11篇 |
临床医学 | 38篇 |
内科学 | 149篇 |
皮肤病学 | 15篇 |
神经病学 | 12篇 |
特种医学 | 61篇 |
外科学 | 46篇 |
综合类 | 60篇 |
预防医学 | 12篇 |
眼科学 | 2篇 |
药学 | 35篇 |
肿瘤学 | 26篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 1篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 6篇 |
2015年 | 6篇 |
2014年 | 13篇 |
2013年 | 12篇 |
2012年 | 13篇 |
2011年 | 12篇 |
2010年 | 24篇 |
2009年 | 21篇 |
2008年 | 24篇 |
2007年 | 30篇 |
2006年 | 35篇 |
2005年 | 22篇 |
2004年 | 18篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 13篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 29篇 |
1997年 | 35篇 |
1996年 | 32篇 |
1995年 | 20篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有534条查询结果,搜索用时 676 毫秒
41.
42.
Soultati AS Dourakis SP Alexopoulou A Deutsch M Archimandritis AJ 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2007,13(8):1292-1294
Classical interferon-alpha has been shown to be correlated with the development of a variety of autoimmune disorders. A 38 year-old female patient developed simultaneously diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperthyroidism 5 mo following initiation of treatment with pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C. High titers of glutamic acid decarboxylase, antinuclear and thyroid (thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin) antibodies were detected. Antiviral treatment was withdrawn and the patient was treated with insulin for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and propranolol for hyperthyroidism. Twelve months after cessation of pegylated interferon-α therapy the patient was euthyroid without any medication but remained insulin-dependent. 相似文献
43.
Transarterial embolization of giant liver hemangiomas associated with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome: a case report 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Malagari K Alexopoulou E Dourakis S Kelekis A Hatzimichail K Sissopoulos A Delis S Letsou D Kelekis D 《Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987)》2007,48(6):608-612
Of 22 patients with symptomatic giant liver hemangiomas referred for embolization, two females (52 and 74 years) had Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (KMS). Hematocrit values were observed to be 33% and 29%, platelets 4000 and 5400/mm(3), and fibrinogen 98 and 77 mg/dl, respectively. Lesion diameters were 7 and 14 cm, respectively. Hepatic angiography revealed excessive vascular lakes typical of cavernous hemangiomas. Microspheres of 40-300 microm were superselectively injected under fluoroscopic guidance until cessation of flow. Coil packing of the feeding hepatic artery was additionally used in one patient. The procedure was uneventful in both. Partial restoration of platelet count was observed immediately; fibrinogen levels and platelets were restored completely in one patient and partially in the other, without remissions at 2-year follow-up. 相似文献
44.
Dourakis SP Cokkinos DD Soultati AS Alexopoulou A Nezi V Archimandritis AJ 《Clinical imaging》2007,31(1):47-49
Although autopsy series report liver granulomas in up to 70% of patients, computed tomography detection of hepatic and splenic lesions is described in 5% and 15% of sarcoidosis cases, respectively. A rather rare case of liver sarcoidosis mimicking macronodular cirrhosis is presented by this current article. Imaging findings in our patient were in compliance with the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, although liver biopsy findings eventually revealed sarcoid granulomas located in the portal and lobular areas without fibrotic lesions. Histological and imaging modalities in liver sarcoidosis are discussed. 相似文献
45.
Background:
Management of femoral diaphyseal fractures in the age group of 6-16 years is controversial. There has been a resurgence worldwide for operative fixation.Materials and Methods:
Twenty-two children (18 boys, 4 girls) aged 6-16 years with recent (> 3 days) femoral diaphyseal fractures (20 closed, 2 open) were stabilized with Titanium Elastic Nail (TEN). These fractures were in proximal third (n=3), middle third (n=15) and in the distal third (n=4) 17 patients underwent surgery within seven days of their injury. The results were evaluated using Flynn''s scoring criteria. Statistical analysis was done using Fischer''s exact test.Results:
All 22 patients were available for evaluation after a mean of 26 months (14-36 months) of followup. Radiological union in all cases were achieved in a mean time of 8.7 weeks. Full weight bearing was possible in a mean time of 8.8 weeks. Mean duration of hospital stay was 9.8 days. The results were excellent in 13 patients (59.0%), successful in six (27.2%) and poor in three patients (13.6%). All patients had early return to school.Conclusion:
Intramedullary fixation titanium elastic nailing is an effective treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the femur in properly selected patients of the 6-16 years age group. 相似文献46.
Evangelos Tsiambas Stavros N. Georgiannos Nikolaos Salemis Despoina Alexopoulou Sofia Lambropoulou Blerta Dimo Ioannis Ioannidis Christos Kravvaritis Andreas Karameris Efstratios Patsouris Spyridon Dourakis 《Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)》2011,28(4):934-940
Estrogen receptor alpha–encoded by ESR1 gene–overexpression correlates with prognosis and response to specific chemotherapy in breast adenocarcinoma cases. Mechanisms of ESR-1 deregulation in carcinomas remain under investigation. To analyze ESR1 in carcinomas of different histogenesis. Using tissue microarray technology, 172 primary carcinomas including breast ductal adenocarcinomas (n = 60), hepatocellular carcinomas (n = 52), and colon adenocarcinomas (n = 60) were cored and re-embedded in three paraffin blocks. Initial diagnosis was based on liquid based cytology (LiquiPrep/ThinPrep). Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed. Quantitative evaluation of ER-a protein levels was assessed by applying digital image analysis. ER-a overexpression was observed in 41/60 (68.3%), 23/52 (44.2%) and 4/60 (6.6%) cases, respectively. ESR1 gene multiple copies were confirmed in 13/60 (21.6%) breast adenocarcinomas, but high amplification only in 8/13 (62.8%). Allelic absence was identified in 3/52 (5.7%) hepatocellular carcinomas, whereas colon adenocarcinomas demonstrated gene gains in 5/60 (8.3%) cases referred to chr 6 aneuploidy and not to amplification. ER-a overall expression was associated strongly to ESR1 gene copies only in breast carcinoma (P = 0.036). ESR-1 gene overexpression happens frequently in breast cancer, but only a subset of them are high amplified cases correlated to increased response rates in hormonal therapy (tamoxifen). Absence of this mechanism in hepatocellular and colon carcinomas maybe is a negative factor for applying this therapy. This is a pattern of histo-genetic depended targeted therapeutic strategy. 相似文献
47.
Adolfo JO Scherr Joao Paulo SN Lima Emma C Sasse Carmen SP Lima André D Sasse 《BMC cancer》2011,11(1):115
Background
Many adjuvant trials have been undertaken in an attempt to reduce the risk of recurrence among patients who undergo surgical resection for locally advanced renal cancer. However, no clear benefit has been identified to date. This systematic review was conducted to examine the exact role of adjuvant therapy in renal cancer setting. 相似文献48.
Medardo Hernández Gillian E Knight Scott SP Wildman Geoffrey Burnstock 《British journal of pharmacology》2009,157(8):1463-1473
Background and purpose:
As adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) is one of the inhibitory mediators of the bladder outflow region, this study investigates the possible release of ATP or related purines in response to electrical field stimulation (EFS) and the purinoceptor(s) involved in nerve-mediated relaxations of the pig urinary bladder neck.Experimental approach:
Urothelium-denuded and intact phenylephrine-precontracted strips were mounted in organ baths containing physiological saline solution at 37°C and gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 for isometric force recordings.Key results:
EFS, in the presence of atropine, guanethidine and NG-nitro-L-arginine, and exogenous purines, produced frequency- and concentration-dependent relaxations respectively. Adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine were more potent than ATP in producing relaxation, while uridine 5′-triphosphate, uridine 5′-diphosphate and α,β-methylene ATP were less effective. The non-selective P2 antagonist suramin, and the P2Y1 and P1 receptor blockers 2′-deoxy-N6-methyladenosine 3′,5′-bisphosphate tetrasodium and 8-(p-sulphophenyl)theophylline, respectively, inhibited the responses to EFS and ATP. The P1 agonist''s potency was: 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA)>4-2[[6-amino-9-(N-ethyl-b-D-ribofuranuronamidosyl)-9H-purin-2-yl]amino]ethyl]benzene propanoic acid hydrochloride>2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine>-2-chloro-6-[[(3-iodophenyl)methyl]amino]-9H-purin-9-yl]-1-deoxy-N-methyl-b-D-ribofuranuronamide = adenosine. 4-(-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[2,3-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-ylamino]ethyl) phenol, an A2A antagonist, reduced the relaxations to EFS, adenosine and NECA. In urothelium-intact samples, relaxations to EFS and purines were smaller than in urothelium-denuded preparations. Neuronal voltage-gated Na+ channels blockade failed to modify ATP relaxations. At basal tension, EFS- and ATP-induced contractions were resistant to desensitization or blockade of P2X1 and P2X3 receptors.Conclusions and implications:
ATP is involved in the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic, non-nitrergic inhibitory neurotransmission in the pig bladder neck, producing relaxation largely through muscle A2A receptors after breakdown to adenosine, and P2Y1 receptors after breakdown to ADP. Antagonists of these receptors may be useful for urinary incontinence treatment produced by intrinsic sphincteric deficiency. 相似文献49.
Oertel WH Benes H Garcia-Borreguero D Geisler P Högl B Trenkwalder C Tacken I Schollmayer E Kohnen R Stiasny-Kolster K;Rotigotine SP Study Group 《Sleep medicine》2008,9(8):865-873
BackgroundLong-term efficacy and tolerability data are not yet available for patch formulations of dopamine agonists in restless legs syndrome.MethodsEfficacy and safety of rotigotine (0.5–4 mg/24 h), formulated as a once-daily transdermal system (patch), were investigated in an open extension (SP710) of a preceding 6-week placebo-controlled trial (SP709, 341 randomized patients) in patients with idiopathic restless legs syndrome. For efficacy assessment the international RLS severity scale (IRLS), the RLS-6 scales, the clinical global impressions (CGI) and the QoL-RLS questionnaire were administered. In addition, long-term tolerability and safety were assessed.ResultsOf 310 patients who finished the controlled trial, 295 (mean age 58 ± 10 years, 66% females) with a mean IRLS score of 27.8 ± 5.9 at baseline of SP709 were included. We report results after one year of this ongoing long-term trial. Two hundred twenty patients (retention rate = 74.6%) completed the 12-month follow-up period. The mean daily dose was 2.8 ± 1.2 mg/24 h with 4 mg/24 h (40.6%) being the most frequently applied dose; 14.8% were sufficiently treated with 0.5 or 1.0 mg/24 h. The IRLS total score improved by −17.4 ± 9.9 points between baseline and end of Year 1 (p < 0.001). The other measures of severity, sleep satisfaction and quality of life supported the efficacy of rotigotine (p < 0.001 for pre-post-comparisons of all efficacy variables). The tolerability was described as “good” or “very good” by 80.3% of all patients. The most common adverse events were application site reactions (40.0%), which led to withdrawal in 13.2%. Further relatively frequent adverse events were nausea (9.5%) and fatigue (6.4%). Two drug-related serious adverse events, nausea and syncope, required hospitalization. Symptoms of augmentation were not reported by the patients.ConclusionRotigotine provided a stable, clinically relevant improvement in all efficacy measures throughout one year of maintenance therapy. The transdermal patch was safe and generally well tolerated by the majority of patients. Comparable to any transdermal therapy, application site reactions were the main treatment complication. 相似文献
50.
Trenkwalder C Benes H Poewe W Oertel WH Garcia-Borreguero D de Weerd AW Ferini-Strambi L Montagna P Odin P Stiasny-Kolster K Högl B Chaudhuri KR Partinen M Schollmayer E Kohnen R;SP Study Group 《Lancet neurology》2008,7(7):595-604
BACKGROUND: Continuous administration of a dopamine agonist could be used to treat patients with restless legs syndrome. Our aim was to investigate the efficacy of transdermal rotigotine in the treatment of idiopathic restless legs syndrome. METHODS: In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 458 patients with moderate-to-severe idiopathic restless legs syndrome (average baseline International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group severity rating scale [IRLS] sum score of 28.1) were randomly assigned to receive transdermal rotigotine 1 mg over 24 h (n=115), 2 mg over 24 h (n=112), or 3 mg over 24 h (n=114), or to receive placebo (n=117). Study medication was delivered via patches, applied once a day for 6 months. Randomisation was done with a computer-generated randomisation list, stratified by centre. Primary efficacy outcomes were absolute change from baseline to end of maintenance in IRLS sum score and in the clinical global impressions (CGI) item 1 score, assessed by analysis of covariance in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00136045. FINDINGS: Efficacy analyses were done on 112 patients in the 1 mg group, 109 in the 2 mg group, 112 in the 3 mg group, and 114 in the placebo group. Mean change in IRLS sum score from baseline at the end of the maintenance phase was -13.7 (SE 0.9) in the 1 mg group, -16.2 (0.9) in the 2 mg group, -16.8 (0.9) in the 3 mg group, and -8.6 (0.9) in the placebo group (p<0.0001 for treatment difference vs placebo with each dose). Mean change in CGI item 1 score from baseline at the end of the maintenance phase was -2.09 (0.14) in the 1 mg group, -2.41 (0.14) in the 2 mg group, -2.55 (0.14) in the 3 mg group, and -1.34 (0.14) in the placebo group (p<0.0001 for treatment difference vs placebo with each dose). Skin reactions, mostly mild or moderate, were seen in 145 (43%) of 341 patients who received rotigotine and in two (2%) of 117 who received placebo. Ten patients had serious adverse event that were deemed to be related to rotigotine: elevation of liver enzymes (one patient), worsening of tinnitus (one patient), non-response to anticoagulation (one patient), electrocardiogram changes (one patient), and application-site reactions (six patients). No admissions to hospital were needed for the application-site reactions, and they all resolved within a short time of patch removal without any other therapeutic intervention. The rate of typical dopaminergic side-effects in patients who received rotigotine was low; no signs of augmentation were noted. INTERPRETATION: 24 h transdermal delivery of low-dose rotigotine could be used to relieve the night-time and daytime symptoms of restless legs syndrome. FUNDING: Schwarz Biosciences. 相似文献