紧密型医联体内社区卫生服务中心全科医生医疗能力培训教学需求分析

背景　目前医联体内社区卫生服务中心全科医生医疗能力培训教学安排缺乏需求证据支持。目的　为紧密型医联体模式下社区卫生服务中心全科医生培训制定以需求为导向的培训计划。方法　2019年11-12月,采用整群抽样法,对四川大学华西医院紧密型医联体模式中9家社区卫生服务中心的65名全科医生进行全科培训需求内容的问卷调查,问卷内容包括全科医学基本理论知识、全科医学基本技能、全科医学其他技能、全科医学临床操作4部分37个条目,每个条目均采用Likert 10级评分法,并根据条目需求评分设置优先等级。结果　按条目评分≥9分的全科医生人数占比从高到低排序,在全科医学基本理论知识部分,需求最高的是全科医生的临床诊疗策略〔47.7%（31/65）〕;在全科医学基本技能部分,需求最高的是呼吸系统常见疾病的全科处理〔55.4%（36/65）〕;在全科医学其他技能部分,培训需求最高的是社区营养指导〔36.9%（24/65）〕;在全科医学临床操作部分,需求最高的是氧气疗法、呼吸疾病常用吸入器和喷雾器使用方法〔46.2%（30/65）〕。根据评分优先等级标准,筛选出全科医生的临床诊疗策略、心脑血管常见疾病的全科处理、呼吸系统常见疾病的全科处理、社区常见症状和急症的全科医学处理、急救技术、常见实验室检查结果解读、常见影像识别解读（放射、B超）、十二导联及动态心电图判读8项作为首选培训内容,以及消化系统常见疾病的全科处理等13项主要备选培训内容。结论　本研究提出了紧密型医联体社区卫生服务中心系统性培训方案中的8项首选培训内容和13项主要备选培训内容,可为医疗机构根据其自身资源定制培训方案提供参考。     

Gemcitabine-Induced Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Pancreatic Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a rare thrombotic complication characterized by a triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. HUS may be caused by several different conditions, including infection, malignancy, and chemotherapeutic agents, such as mitomycin, cisplatin, and most recently, gemcitabine. The outcome of gemcitabine-induced HUS is poor, and the disease has a high mortality rate. This study reports a case of gemcitabine-induced HUS in a patient with pancreatic cancer in Korea.     

Anti-listerial synergism of leaf essential oil of Metasequoia glyptostroboides with nisin in whole,low and skim milks

Objective:To examine the individual and synergistic anti-listcrial effect of nisin and leaf essential oil of Metasequoia glyptostroboides(M.glyptostroboides) against one of the leading foodhorne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes(L.monocytogenes) ATCC 19116 in milk samples.Methods:The whole(8%),low(1%) and skim(no fat content) milk samples were inoculated with L.monocytogenes ATCC 19116 along with leaf essential oil of M.glyptostroboides or nisin alone as well in eomhinations.Results:In this study,the leaf essential oil at the concentrations of 2% and 5% revealed strong anti-listerial effect against L.monocytogenes ATCC 19116 in all categories of milk samples.Nisin at the concentrations of 250 and 500 IU/mL displayed a strong inhibitory effect against ATCC 19116 as compared to the control group.Additionally,synergistic combinations of leaf essential oil(1%) and nisin(62.5,125.250 and 500 IU/mL) also had a remarkable anti-listerial synergism in all the tested milk samples including whole,low and skim milk after 14 days.Conclusions:As a major finding,the leaf essential oil of M.glyptostroboides might he a useful candidate for using in food industry to control the growth of foodhorne pathogenic bacteria as confirmed by its potent anti-listerial Synergistic effect with nisin against L.monocytogenes ATCC 19116 in different milk samples.     

R-HPDC Process with Forced Convection Mixing Device for Automotive Part of A380 Aluminum Alloy

The continuing quest for cost-effective and complex shaped aluminum castings with fewer defects for applications in the automotive industries has aroused the interest in rheological high pressure die casting (R-HPDC). A new machine, forced convection mixing (FCM) device, based on the mechanical stirring and convection mixing theory for the preparation of semisolid slurry in convenience and functionality was proposed to produce the automotive shock absorber part by R-HPDC process. The effect of barrel temperature and rotational speed of the device on the grain size and morphology of semi-solid slurry were extensively studied. In addition, flow behavior and temperature field of the melt in the FCM process was investigated combining computational fluid dynamics simulation. The results indicate that the microstructure and pore defects at different locations of R-HPDC casting have been greatly improved. The vigorous fluid convection in FCM process has changed the temperature field and composition distribution of conventional solidification. Appropriately increasing the rotational speed can lead to a uniform temperature filed sooner. The lower barrel temperature leads to a larger uniform degree of supercooling of the melt that benefits the promotion of nucleation rate. Both of them contribute to the decrease of the grain size and the roundness of grain morphology.     

Association between serum adipocytokine levels and microangiopathies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aims/Introduction

It is thought that adipocytokines contribute to the increased risk of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes. However, there is still limited information on the relationship between microangiopathies and adipocytokines, such as adiponectin, leptin and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

The present study examined the relationship between fasting serum adiponectin, leptin, and TNF‐α levels and microangiopathies in Korean type 2 diabetes. A total of 153 patients were recruited and evaluated for diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. Serum adiponectin, TNF‐α and leptin levels were measured.

Results

Serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in patients with nephropathy than in those without nephropathy (P = 0.017), and were significantly higher in patients with retinopathy or neuropathy than those without retinopathy or neuropathy (P = 0.01 and P = 0.002, respectively). The mean levels of leptin were significantly higher in patients with neuropathy than in those without neuropathy (P = 0.002). The mean levels of TNF‐α were not significantly different according to any of the three microangiopathies. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio for the presence of neuropathy in the highest tertile of adiponectin was 4.3 (95% confidence interval 1.59–11.62), as compared with the patients in the lowest tertile of adiponectin level.

Conclusions

Levels of adipocytokines were significantly different according to the presence of each microangiopathy. In particular, higher serum adiponectin was independently associated with increased odds for the presence of neuropathy. Future prospective studies with larger numbers of patients are required to establish a direct relationship between plasma adipocytokine concentrations and the development or severity of diabetic microangiopathies.     

Tim-3在药物性急性肾损伤动物模型中的表达及作用机制

目的 探索T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白分子3(Tim-3)在急性肾损伤(AKI)中的作用,并研究其作用机制。 方法 将6~8周C57雄性小鼠随机分为对照组(CTRL组)、顺铂组(AKI组)及顺铂+阻断Tim-3组(RMT组),每组4只,AKI组使用顺铂(20 mg/kg)腹腔注射,构建AKI动物模型,检测肾脏损伤情况与Tim-3表达情况。RMT组使用抗体RMT3-23(200 μg/只)阻断Tim-3分子,建立AKI模型,检测AKI组与RMT组肾脏损伤情况以及Tim-3、自噬相关分子的表达情况。 结果 肾脏近端小管出现损伤,Western blotting 结果显示 AKI组Tim-3表达水平较CTRL组增加(t=3.876,P=0.008 2)。与AKI组相比,RMT组的NGAL和P62表达水平均增高,但差异无统计学意义(t_NGAL=1.664,P=0.157 0;t_P62=1.991,P=0.103 1),LC3II表达下降,差异有统计学意义(t=5.901,P=0.002 0),自噬受到抑制且肾脏小管损伤加重(P=0.010 1)。 结论 Tim-3可以通过调节肾小管上皮细胞自噬活性,减轻顺铂诱导的AKI肾损伤。     

《二代测序技术在肿瘤精准医学诊断中的应用专家共识》评述

【摘要】高通量测序技术以其高输出量、高解析度的显著优势,在肿瘤基因检测领域被广泛应用。中国临床肿瘤学会肿瘤标志物专家委员会和中国肿瘤驱动基因分析联盟制定了《二代测序技术在肿瘤精准医学诊断中的应用专家共识》,本文结合该共识从二代测序技术（NGS）检测在肿瘤精准诊断中的应用价值、检测流程和质量保证、结果报告等方面进行简要评述,以指导临床医师和NGS检验从业人员更好地进行临床应用。     

EPCs在MSCs向肝样细胞转化中作用的初步探讨

目的：探讨内皮前体细胞(endothelial precursor cells, EPCs)在间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs)向肝样细胞转化中的作用。方法：分离培养SD大鼠MSCs和EPCs,取第3代MSCs向肝样细胞转化培养,培养过EPCs的无血清及因子的培养基(endothelial progenitor cell-conditioned medium, EPCs-CM)、无血清的α-最低必需培养基(alpha minimal essential medium, α-MEM)分别与肝细胞转化培养基按1∶1比例配置,作为实验组和模型对照组,正常α-MEM培养基为空白对照组,分别观察细胞形态及数量变化;在培养3、5、7、9 d时应用免疫荧光检测甲胎蛋白(alpha fetoprotein, AFP)、清蛋白(albumin, ALB)的表达。结果：空白对照组MSCs形态无明显变化;实验组与模型对照组细胞均出现肝样细胞形态。空白对照组未见AFP、ALB表达,模型对照组和实验组在3、5、7、9 d AFP、ALB表达水平均增高,其中实验组比模型对照组AFP、ALB水平增高明显。结论：EPCs在MSCs向肝样细胞转化中可能起一定的促进作用。