晚期妊娠合并子宫肌瘤治疗的探讨

目的　探讨晚期妊娠合并子宫肌瘤的最佳临床处理方法。方法　对 6 7例晚期妊娠合并子宫肌瘤病例的治疗进行回顾性分析。结果　 6 7例妊娠合并子宫肌瘤患者中 ,单发肌瘤4 2例 ,多发肌瘤 2 5例 ;其中经阴道分娩 12例 ;剖宫产 5 5例 ;剖宫产加肌瘤剔除术 4 0例 ,剖宫产加子宫次全切除术 3例。结论　妊娠合并子宫肌瘤患者剖宫产率高 ,大部分病例可在剖宫产同时行肌瘤剔除术。     

TEP方案治疗小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的 :探讨拓扑替康 (topotecan ,TPT )联合依托泊苷 (etoposide ,Vp -16)、顺铂 (cisplatin ,DDP)组成的TEP方案治疗小细胞肺癌的临床疗效、生存期和耐受性。方法 :45例初治SCLC患者 ,其中TEP方案治疗组 2 1例 ,EP方案对照组 2 4例。结果 :TEP组CR 8例 ,PR 8例 ,有效率 (RR)为 76.2 % ,局限期 (LD)者RR为 90 .0 % ,广泛期 (ED)者RR为 63 .6% ,其中 4例脑转移者PR 1例。EP组中CR 7例 ,PR 9例 ,RR为 66.7% ,LD者RR为 81.8% ,ED者RR为 53 .8% ,其中 5例脑转移者未见CR、PR者。两组有效率比较无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5)。TEP组中位生存期 11.5个月 ,一、二年生存率分别为 42 .9%和 19.0 % ;EP组中位生存期 8.5个月 ,一、二年生存率分别为3 7.5%和 8.3 % ,两组生存期比较 ,差异具有显著性 (P <0 .0 5)。两组主要不良反应为骨髓抑制 ,TEP组Ⅲ～Ⅳ度白细胞减少的发生率 76.2 % (16/ 2 1)明显高于EP组 3 7.5% (9/ 2 4) ,具有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5) ;两组血小板减少的发生率分别为 61.9%和 3 3 .3 % ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5)。结论 :TEP方案治疗SCLC疗效肯定 ,可能具有治疗和预防脑转移的作用 ,其生存期及生存率较EP方案均有改善 ,可作为SCLC的一线治疗应用 ;主要不良反应为骨髓抑制 ,临床应用时应予重视     

Cerebral atrophy in Cushing's disease

BACKGROUND: Cushing's disease causes significant pathological changes throughout the body as a result of elevated cortisol levels. Very few systematic investigations have focused on the morphologic effects of hypercortisolism on the central nervous system. The validity of using premature cerebral atrophy as a diagnostic tool for Cushing's disease remains unknown. METHODS: This study includes 63 patients with Cushing's disease who were evaluated and treated at the University of Virginia Medical Center. Radiologists randomly compared these individuals with age- and sex-matched controls in a blinded protocol, assessing the degree of cerebral atrophy on computed tomography and magnetic resonance scans. RESULTS: Patients with Cushing's disease showed significant premature atrophy when compared with controls. This trend continued after subdividing the groups based on age and duration of symptoms except in the following groups: age greater than 60, duration of symptoms less than 1 year, and symptoms lasting between 4-5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Excluding the three aforementioned groups, the hypercortisolemic state manifested in patients with Cushing's disease promotes the premature development of cerebral atrophy, which can be identified on routine radiologic imaging and may assist in the clinical diagnosis of the condition.     

褪黑素与能量代谢

本文从季节性动物体重的改变这一自然现象与光照周期的改变之间的关系，讨论了褪黑素调节能量代谢的可能机制及其与人类肥胖的相关性。     

普通额镜下鼻内激光泪囊鼻腔造孔术治疗慢性泪囊炎

报告在普通额镜下以YAG激光经鼻腔行泪囊鼻腔造孔术，治疗慢性泪囊炎患者37例（45眼），经3～24个月的随访观察，泪道阻塞均解除，有效率为95．6％，治愈率为88．9％。本手术具有损伤小，操作简便，快捷，术后反应轻，并发症少等优点。并对手术方法及影响疗效的因素进行了探讨。     

正常与病态下嗓音的客观指标的评价

对158例正常人和136例各种喉疾病患者连续元音[i]发声时的平均气流率、声强、频率、频率微扰商和发声效率同步进行了测定.并对各测定指标间的相互关系进行了探讨.频率微扰商是表示连续元音发声时声带振动相邻周期间的微细变动量;发声效率反映平均气流率与声能的有效转换率.在低、中和高强度发声时.随发声强度的提高,平均气流率.频率和发声效率随之提高而频率微扰商则变小.中等声强发声时.平均气流率与声强,声强与频率均呈正相关;而平均气流率与发声效率.声强(男性)和频率(女性)与频率微扰商均呈负相关.多数喉疾病患者显示出较正常人高的平均气流率和频率微扰商,发声效率则降低.当声强和频率作为参考指标时,平均气流率,频率微扰商和发声效率可作为评价喉发声功能的客观、定量指标.     

Recombinant human relaxin as a cervical ripening agent

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human relaxin (rhRIx) as a cervical ripening agent in women with an unfavourable cervix before induction of labour at term.
Design A multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial performed in Edinburgh, Glasgow and Oxford. Women were treated with 0, 1, 2 or 4 mg of rhRIx in a gel vehicle administered intravaginally. Analysis of variance tests were performed on all continuous variables, and Cochran Mantel-Haenszel tests employed for all discrete variables.
Participants Ninety-six women at 37 to 42 weeks of gestation with a singleton pregnancy and a modified Bishop score of 4 were recruited.
Results There was no significant difference in the change in modified Bishop score between the four treatment groups. The lengths of the first and second stages of labour were similar in all 4 groups. PGE₂ and oxytocin requirements were similar in all groups, as was the mode of delivery. There was no evidence that relaxin was absorbed systemically when given in this way.
Conclusion Recombinant human relaxin 1 to 4 mg, administered as an intravaginal gel, has no effect as a cervical ripening agent before induction of labour at term.