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81.
82.
83.
Lazar A Gründemann D Berkels R Taubert D Zimmermann T Schömig E 《Journal of human genetics》2003,48(5):226-230
The extraneuronal monoamine transporter EMT (HGNC Nomenclature SLC22A3) is the molecular correlate of the classical uptake2 system responsible for the non-neuronal inactivation of circulating and centrally released catecholamines. Because of its
functional profile and expression pattern, EMT is regarded as a candidate gene for diseases related to the sympathetic nervous
system and neuropsychiatric disorders. We describe the first investigation of the genetic variability of the EMT gene in human.
Six single-nucleotide substitutions and one deletion were detected within the assumed core promoter, the exonic and flanking
intronic sequences and the 3'-untranslated region in 100 Caucasian individuals. No amino acid changes were found and Tajima's
D was positive (D=2.91; P<0.01). However, the synonymous nucleotide substitution 1233G→A might serve as a cryptic splice acceptor site. Analysis of
linkage disequilibrium between polymorphisms yielded 12 possible haplotypes accounting for more than 90% of all haplotypes.
Knowledge of the sequence variation and frequency of the underlying polymorphisms in this member of the amphiphilic solute
facilitator family of transporters provides the basis for subsequent association studies and candidate gene approaches.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
84.
The dual role of IL-10 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
Classification of cytokines as pro-versus anti-inflammatory might not apply to the pleiotropic effects of interleukin-10 (IL-10). Several reports suggest that IL-10 enhances the function of natural killer cells, which leads, through pathogen destruction, to increased antigen availability. In addition, by inhibiting the maturation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), IL-10 preserves their ability for antigen uptake while simultaneously hampering their migration to draining lymph nodes. This review suggests that this "antigen-loading" phase might constitute an important component of the innate immune reaction to a pathogen. Additional proinflammatory stimuli might subsequently lead to maturation of "loaded" APCs that could migrate to draining lymph nodes or recruit and activate adaptive immune effectors locally. 相似文献
85.
Saleh A Wiedermann D Schroeter M Jonkmanns C Jander S Hoehn M 《NMR in biomedicine》2004,17(4):163-169
Brain inflammation contributes to the tissue injury caused by ischemic stroke. Macrophages as the most abundant inflammatory cell population in stroke lesions can be visualized using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) as a cell-specific contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of our present study was to delineate the inflammatory response during experimental cerebral infarction by means of USPIO-enhanced MRI and to correlate the spatial distribution of USPIO-induced MR signal alterations with cellular infiltration and iron deposition. To this end USPIOs were administered to Wistar rats 5 days after photothrombotic cerebral infarction. MR imaging at 7 T performed 24 h later displayed a rim-like signal loss around the infarction in the USPIO treated animals. On histological brain sections obtained from the same animals after MRI the distribution of iron and ED1+ phagocytes was in full spatial agreement with the signal loss seen on T2*-weighted images. Our study validates USPIO-enhanced MRI as an important tool for the noninvasive visualization of brain inflammation in stroke and other CNS pathologies. 相似文献
86.
Montesinos-Rongen M Akasaka T Zühlke-Jenisch R Schaller C Van Roost D Wiestler OD Siebert R Deckert M 《Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)》2003,13(4):534-538
Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) constitute diffuse large B-cell lymphomas arising in and remaining confined to the brain. Little information is available on cytogenetic changes in PCNSL, and recurrent chromosomal translocations have not yet been identified. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of a series of 13 PCNSL from immunocompetent patients revealed 3 cases with signal patterns of a BCL6-specific probe suggesting a breakpoint in this oncogene locus in chromosome band 3q27. Here, we describe cloning of the translocation breakpoints by long-distance inverse polymerase chain reaction (LDI-PCR) in 2 of these tumors. Both breakpoints affected the first intron of BCL6. In one PCNSL, the HSPCA (HSP90A) gene in 14q32.31 was identified as BCL6 partner. In the second lymphoma, the gene encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD) on 12p13.31 was detected as a hitherto unknown partner of BCL6. Our results suggest translocation-mediated BCL6 oncogene activation as a so far unknown pathogenetically relevant mechanism in PCNSL. 相似文献
87.
88.
Enzymatic digestion of adult human articular cartilage yields a small fraction of the total available cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jakob M Démarteau O Schäfer D Stumm M Heberer M Martin I 《Connective tissue research》2003,44(3-4):173-180
We investigated whether different protocols for the digestion of adult human articular cartilage influence the cell yield and capacity to attach and proliferate in culture dishes. Chondrocyte yields were expressed as a percentage of the total number of cells in the tissue, determined both histologically (using the dissector method) and biochemically (measuring the DNA content of tissue digests). Human cartilage specimens (n = 79) were digested using different protocols based on combinations of collagenase II (CGN), trypsin/EDTA, hyaluronidase, and tosyllysylchloromethane (TLCM). Yields of viable chondrocytes were the highest within a specific range of CGN concentrations and digestion times, but always < 22% of the total available cells. The combination of CGN with trypsin/EDTA or TLCM accelerated the digestion process but did not significantly increase cell yields. The percentage of viable cells that attached to culture dishes ranged 75-85% (< 19% of the total) and was reduced by TLCM. Doubling times of attached cells were comparable in all experimental groups. Our results indicate that chondrocyte yields and capacity to attach and proliferate are not highly sensitive to the specific isolation protocol used. However, typically used cartilage digestion protocols yield only a small fraction of the total available cells, possibly introducing an uncontrolled selection of certain chondrocyte subpopulations. 相似文献
89.
Jean-Aimé Simoneau Margit Kaufmann Karl-Thomas Härtner Dirk Pette 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1989,414(6):629-633
This study compares changes in contractile properties, Parvalbumin content, and Ca2+-uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of low-frequency stimulated rat and rabbit tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. Time to peak tension increased 1.8-fold in 35-day stimulated rabbit TA, while no change occurred in rat TA. Isometric twitch tension increased 2-fold in rabbit TA, but was unaltered in rat TA. Parvalbumin (PA) content was more than 90% reduced in rabbit TA, but only 60% in rat TA after 35 days. At this time, PA content of the stimulated rat TA was still higher than that of normal rabbit TA. Taking into account the suggested role of PA as a cytosolic Ca2+ buffer, its decrease could lead to an impaired free Ca2+-decay with a prolonged active state and a higher tension output during a single twitch. This would explain why chronic stimulation led to an increase in isometric twitch tension in rabbit TA, but not in rat TA. The 1.6-fold rise in half-relaxation time of 35-day stimulated rat and rabbit TA most likely resulted from a 50% reduced Ca2+-uptake by the SR, due to a still unknown modification of the Ca2+-transport ATPase. 相似文献
90.
Male rabbits were injured by a single mechanical dilatation injury of aorta and then injected with prednisone 2 mg/kg or saline for 14 days or subjected to starvation. The biosynthesis of the sulfated glycosaminoglycans as evaluated by the uptake of 35S-sulfate and the content of the glycosaminoglycans were measured on the intima-media layer of the descending thoracic aorta. The results indicate that prednisone may inhibit the biosynthesis of heparan and/or dermatan sulfate while starvation increases the biosynthesis of all the sulfated glycosaminoglycans. No alterations were observed in the total amount of glycosaminoglycans in aorta following glucocorticoid injection or starvation. The metabolism of aortic glycosaminoglycans during repair is less sensitive to the action of prednisone than in undamaged aorta. This contrasts with the effect of prednisone on the metabolism of aortic collagen. 相似文献