甲状腺素对豚鼠耳蜗毛细胞的保护作用

应用耳蜗外淋巴灌流技术、微电极技术及扫描、透射电镜技术，观察先服甲状腺素（10mg)三次后行外淋巴灌流卡那霉素（10^-3g/ml)1小时的豚鼠实验组（T／K）蜗内电位（EP），耳蜗微音电位（CM）和毛细胞的亚微结构变化，并与单纯灌流卡那霉素（10^-3g/ml)的豚鼠对照组（KM）进行比较，发现3组动物EP无明显差异；实验组（T／K）的CM下降较对照组（KM）少，两者有显著差异；实验组动物外毛细胞损伤较对照组动物轻，提示甲状腺素可能直接作用于听毛细胞，减轻卡那霉素对内耳的毒副作用。     

利尿酸与庆大霉素耳毒作用协同影响的实验研究

通过给72只豚鼠分别单独注射利尿酸（EA)、庆大霉素（GM）和合并注射EA、GM后，观察三组豚鼠前庭功能、听力改变、血清和外淋巴中庆大霉素浓度以及内耳显微和亚显微结构的改变，发现合并使用利尿酸和庆大霉素可以加重庆大霉素耳中毒，其可能原因为利尿酸增加了庆大霉素在外淋巴中的蓄积。     

语前聋患儿国产人工耳蜗植入效果分析

目的 观察语前聋患儿植入诺尔康-晨星人工耳蜗(Nurotron-Venus cochlear implant,Nurotron-Venus CI)后的听觉言语发育情况及其安全性和稳定性.方法 回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院行Nurotron-Venus CI植入的78例语前聋患儿的临床资料,患儿植入年龄为13~96月,按植入年龄将患儿分为 A组(13~24月,16 例)、B 组(25~36月,13 例)、C组(37~48月,16 例)、D 组(49~72月,18 例)、 E 组(73~96月,15 例);在患儿术前及开机后1、3、6、12个月采用有意义听觉整合量表(meaningful auditory integration scale,MAIS)(C、D、E组)、婴幼儿有意义听觉整合量表(infant-toddler meaningful auditory integration scale,IT-MAIS )(A、B组)进行听觉能力评估,开机后1、3、6、12个月使用有意义言语使用量表(meaningful use of speech scale,MUSS)进行言语能力评估.术后行X线耳蜗平片检查明确电极位置及形态,定期随访了解术后相关并发症及佩戴人工耳蜗时间和使用情况.结果 所有患儿术前及开机后1、3、6、12月IT-MAIS或MAIS得分分别为1.67±1.19、6.60±5.12、11.86±5.44、17.41±5.04、22.87±5.46分,术后1、3、6、12月MUSS得分分别为5.01±3.26、8.38±3.58、11.88±3.88、16.58±4.95分,随着植入时间延长得分不断上升(均P<0.05);不同年龄组IT-MAIS或MAIS得分比较:术前A组低于C、D、E组,开机后1、3月A、B组低于E组,开机后6月A组低于C、D、E组,B组低于E组(均为P<0.05);不同年龄组MUSS得分比较:开机后1月B组低于E组,开机后3月A、B、C组低于E组,开机后6月A组低于C、D、E组,B组低于E组,开机后1年A组低于C、D、E组(均为P<0.05).所有患儿在开机后1、3、6、12月MUSS与IT-MAIS或MAIS得分相关系数分别为0.918、0.808、0.881、0.756(均为P<0.05),两者呈正相关.78例患儿术后耳蜗位X线平片均显示电极位置正常,形态良好;2例患儿出现处理器故障,其余CI整体工作状态良好.结论 语前聋患儿国产人工耳蜗植入后1年内,所有患儿的听觉言语能力随时间延长不断提高;小龄组患儿听觉言语得分在术后早期低于大龄患儿;听觉能力在开机后12月时已无差异,但小龄组患儿的言语能力仍低于大龄患儿;听觉整合能力越强,言语使用能力越强;Nurotron-Venus CI安全、效果可靠.     

Comparison of the effects of perineural or intravenous dexamethasone on thoracic paravertebral block in Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy: A double‐blind randomized trial

Efforts to prolong thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) analgesia include local anesthetic adjuvants, such as dexamethasone (Dex). Previous studies showed that both perineural (PN) and intravenous (i.v.) routes could prolong analgesia. As PN Dex is an off‐label use, anesthesiologists should be fully informed of the clinical differences, if any, on block duration. This study was designed to evaluate the two administration routes of Dex for duration of analgesia in TPVB. Ninety‐five patients scheduled for Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy were randomized to receive TPVB (0.5% ropivacaine 15 ml), PN or i.v. Dex 8 mg. The primary end point was the duration of analgesia. The secondary end points included pain scores, analgesic consumption, adverse effects rate, and incidence of chronic pain at 3 months postoperatively. The PN‐Dex group showed better analgesic effects than the i.v.‐Dex group (p < 0.05). Similarly, the visual analogue scale scores in patients at 2, 4, 8, and 12 h postoperatively were lower in the PN‐Dex group than the i.v.‐Dex group (p < 0.05). The analgesic consumption in both the PN‐Dex and i.v.‐Dex groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Regarding the incidence of chronic pain, regardless of route, Dex decreased the incidence of chronic postsurgical pain and neuropathic pain at 3 months after surgery (p < 0.05), but there were no clinical differences between the i.v.‐Dex and PN‐Dex groups. Perineural dexamethasone improved the magnitude and duration of analgesia compared to that of the i.v.‐Dex group in TPVB in Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy. However, there were no clinically significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of chronic pain.

Study Highlights WHAT IS THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON THE TOPIC? Both perineural (PN) and intravenous (i.v.) dexamethasone (Dex) could prolong the duration of a nerve block, but the superiority of either route is still inconclusive. WHAT QUESTION DID THIS STUDY ADDRESS? The study investigated the effects of the two routes of Dex added to ropivacaine on analgesic effects of thoracic paravertebral block in patients undergoing Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy. WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD TO OUR KNOWLEDGE? These results extend the knowledge of the superior analgesic effect of Dex for the management of perioperative pain in the setting of Ivor‐Lewis Esophagectomy. HOW MIGHT THIS CHANGE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OR TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE? Because PN Dex is an off‐label use, our study conformed the safety of Dex as PN adjuvants and extended its application field in clinical work.     

对脑卒中偏瘫本质的认识及其在针灸治疗中的指导作用

脑卒中偏瘫是中枢性瘫痪的一种，它的本质是运动模式质的改变，因此它的康复过程也就是运动模式质变的过程。本文将偏瘫康复过程分为3期，探讨了各期针灸治疗的目的及原则，并指出传统的肌力练习并不适合于痉挛期，而应以抑制痉挛、促进正常运动模式的发展、促进分离运动的形成为主要原则。     

重组人肿瘤坏死因子β(HuTNFβ)的纯化及抗肿瘤效应的初步研究

本文利用能表达HuTNFβ的工程菌株(P20KLT)按常规培养及扩增．即采用LB培养液(内含Amp100．μg／ml Tet 5μg／ml)；1：40扩增．当A550达0．1时，加入IAA(20μg／ml)，当A550为1．0时，中止培养，离心(5000rpm，4℃)收集菌体。在菌体中按1：5加入缓冲液，冰浴中超声破碎，13，000rpm高速离心20分钟，     

Normalizing GDNF expression in the spinal cord alleviates cutaneous hyperalgesia but not ongoing pain in a rat model of bone cancer pain

Bone cancer pain (BCP) is the most common complication in patients with bone cancer. Glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is believed to be involved in chronic pain conditions. In this article, the expression and roles of GDNF were studied in a rat model of BCP induced by tibia injection of Walker 256 rat mammary gland carcinoma cells. Significant mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and ongoing pain were observed beginning as early as day 5 post injection. The expression level of GDNF protein examined on day 16 after tibia injection was decreased in the L3 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and lumbar spinal cord, but not in other spinal levels or the anterior cingulate cortex. Phosphorylation of Ret, the receptor for GDNF family ligands, was also decreased. Furthermore, normalizing GDNF expression with lentiviral vector constructs in the spinal cord significantly reduced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, spinal glial activation, and pERK induction induced by tibia injection, but did not affect ongoing pain. Together these findings provide new evidence for the use of GDNF as a therapeutic treatment for bone cancer pain states.     

Biomaterial-based platforms for cancer stem cell enrichment and study

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a relatively rare subpopulation of tumor cell with self-renewal and tumorigenesis capabilities. CSCs are associated with cancer recurrence, progression, and chemoradiotherapy resistance. Establishing a reliable platform for CSC enrichment and study is a prerequisite for understanding the characteristics of CSCs and discovering CSC-related therapeutic strategies. Certain strategies for CSC enrichment have been used in laboratory, particularly fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and mammosphere culture. However, these methods fail to recapitulate the in vivo chemical and physical conditions in tumors, thus potentially decreasing the malignancy of CSCs in culture and yielding unreliable research results. Accumulating research suggests the promise of a biomaterial-based three-dimensional (3D) strategy for CSC enrichment and study. This strategy has an advantage over conventional methods in simulating the tumor microenvironment, thus providing a more effective and predictive model for CSC laboratory research. In this review, we first briefly discuss the conventional methods for CSC enrichment and study. We then summarize the latest advances and challenges in biomaterial-based 3D CSC platforms. Design strategies for materials, morphology, and chemical and physical cues are highlighted to provide direction for the future construction of platforms for CSC enrichment and study.