平痛新素丸的处方设计及制备

目的：为制备平痛新包衣微丸提供良好的底物，方法：以流动性指数为指标采用均匀设计优化平痛新素丸。结果：确定了制备平痛新素丸的最佳处方工艺。结论：淀粉量是影响产率的主要因素：转速是影响堆密度，脆碎度的主要因素；粘合剂用量是影响休止角和流动性的主要因素；滚动时间是影响喷流指数的主要因素。     

Small CGG repeat expansion alleles of FMR1 gene are associated with parkinsonism

Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) affects older males carrying premutation, that is, expansions of the CGG repeat (in the 55–200 range), in the FMR1 gene. The neurological changes are linked to the excessive FMR1 messenger RNA (mRNA), becoming toxic through a 'gain-of-function'. Because elevated levels of this mRNA are also found in carriers of the smaller expansion (grey zone) alleles, ranging from 40 to 54 CGGs, we tested for a possible role of these alleles in the origin of movement disorders associated with tremor.
We screened 228 Australian males affected with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and other causes of parkinsonism recruited from Victoria and Tasmania for premutation and grey zone alleles. The frequencies of either of these alleles were compared with the frequencies in a population-based sample of 578 Guthrie spots from consecutive Tasmanian male newborns (controls). There was a significant excess of premutation carriers (Fisher's exact test p = 0.006). There was also a more than twofold increase in grey zone carriers in the combined sample of the Victorian and Tasmanian cases, with odds ratio (OR ) = 2.36, and 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.20–4.63, as well as in Tasmanian cases only (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.06–5.13), compared with controls. The results suggest that the FMR1 grey zone alleles, as well as premutation alleles, might contribute to the aetiology of disorders associated with parkinsonism.     

Daily administration of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for urological and nonurological indications

OBJECTIVES: Although the discovery of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) was made soon after the identification of cyclic adenosine monophosphate nearly half a century ago, their true importance in medicine has taken many decades to be realised. The recognition of the important role PDE enzymes play and the impact of altering intracellular cyclic nucleotide levels became significant for most urologists and clinicians in the early 1990s with the discovery of sildenafil, a PDE5 inhibitor (PDE5-I). Once approved around the world, on-demand use of PDE5-Is became the gold standard. Recently, the potential beneficial effects of PDE5-Is on the pulmonary, vascular, and other systems has led to examination of alternative dosing regimens. In this review, we have synthesised the available published peer-reviewed literature to provide a critical contemporary view of evolving indications for PDE5-Is and how alternative dosing regimens may impact on sexual and other functions. METHODS: MEDLINE search of all peer-reviewed English literature for the period 1990-2007. RESULTS: The plethora of articles detailing potential uses of PDE5-I in multiple fields of medicine was uncovered. Use of alternative dosing regimens shows great promise across a number of clinical indications, including post-radical retropubic prostatectomy, pulmonary hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and salvage of on-demand PDE5-I nonresponders. CONCLUSIONS: Use of PDE5-I on a daily basis may evolve into a major form of drug administration both for men with erectile dysfunction and for those with a myriad of other conditions shown to benefit from this approach.     

复方营养、抗菌、生长素液促进褥疮创面愈合1例

０引言骶尾部褥疮是较难处理的创面．我们采用局部滴注营养、抗菌、生长素混合溶液治疗骶尾部褥疮创面,取得较好效果．１病例报告患者,男,３５岁,因酒精火焰烧伤全身多处并发骶尾部褥疮２ｍｏ余,于１９９９－０１－０６入院．曾于１９９８－１２－２５行骶尾部肉芽创...     

阿霉素和安吖啶及其DNA复合物对小鼠的毒性和抗肿瘤作用

研究了阿霉素(ADR)和安吖啶(AMSA)与小牛胸腺DNA结合成复合物的药理特性。ADR与DNA的结合强度约相当AMSA的100倍。ADR—DNA复合物比ADR本身毒性小(LD₅₀提高0.45倍)。经ip后在小鼠S180三种实验模型(皮下、腹腔、静脉接种瘤)抗肿瘤作用增强。ADR—DNA较ADR吸收缓慢且血药浓度高2.5倍,药时曲线下面积(AUC)高2.8倍。ip后8h,心、肝、肺、肾、小肠和瘤中药物浓度,ADR—DNA组高于ADR组。AMSA—DNA和AMSA的毒性、AUC及抗癌作用无明显区别。     

乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物与神经生长因子复合支架的细胞相容性及缓释作用

目的：体外实验观察生物可降解材料乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物与神经生长因子复合支架的细胞相容性及其缓释作用. 方法：实验于2005-05/09在首都医科大学附属北京市神经外科研究所损伤修复实验室完成.①实验方法：乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物采用专利技术（200510011350.9）制备,体外将许旺细胞和神经干细胞与乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物共培养.②实验评估：扫描电镜下观察许旺细胞和神经干细胞在乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物内生长状况;应用组织工程技术将神经生长因子整合入乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物内,0.02 g乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物（干质量）中含有1μg神经生长因子,ELISA法检测每天神经生长因子释放的质量浓度. 结果：①扫描电镜下乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物横断面可见其为网格状,纵断面可见其直孔道.②许旺细胞和神经干细胞在乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物支架上生长良好,与其紧密贴附.③培养后第4天神经生长因子释放的质量浓度达峰值,第7天趋于平稳,稳定释放的质量浓度为100μg/L. 结论：①乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物与许旺细胞和神经干细胞具有良好的生物相容性及细胞亲和性.②按神经生长因子（1μg）与乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物（干质量0.02 g）的比例合成的神经生长因子-乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物组织工程材料可缓慢稳定释放神经生长因子,达到其可以发挥生物学活性的质量浓度100μg/L.     

聚丙交酯乙交酯含肝素涂层表面界面性能与血液相容性的关系

目的:评价聚丙交酯乙交酯含肝素涂层的血液相容性。方法:实验于2006-05/06在大连理工大学材料学院完成。采用浸涂法在316L不锈钢表面制备了聚丙交酯乙交酯含肝素涂层,通过血小板黏附实验,对其血液相容性进行了初步评价,测定了水和甘油在各样本表面的接触角,由此计算出表面张力、界面自由能、黏附功等表面能量参数,分析了其对血液相容性的影响。结果:①聚丙交酯乙交酯涂层、含肝素2%和含肝素5%的聚丙交酯乙交酯涂层的接触角分别为78.5°、81.5°和83°;含肝素涂层的表面张力、界面自由能和黏附功均有所降低。②聚丙交酯乙交酯涂层表面黏附血小板较多,个别血小板变形伸出伪足;含肝素的聚丙交酯乙交酯涂层血小板黏附量较少,未发生变形、聚集,而且随着肝素含量的增加血小板黏附量减少。结论:聚丙交酯乙交酯含肝素涂层后血液相容性明显改善。     

Voluntary wheel running enhances contextual but not trace fear conditioning

Exercise improves performance on a number of hippocampus involved cognitive tasks including contextual fear conditioning, but whether exercise enhances contextual fear when the retention interval is longer than 1 day is not known. Also unknown is whether exercise improves trace conditioning, a task that requires the hippocampus to bridge the time interval between stimuli. Hence, 4-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were housed with or without running wheels. To assess whether hippocampal neurogenesis was associated with behavioral outcomes, during the initial 10 days, mice received Bromodeoxyuridine to label dividing cells. After 30 days, one group of mice was trained in a contextual fear conditioning task. Freezing to context was assessed 1, 7, or 21 days post-training. A separate group was trained on a trace procedure, in which a tone and footshock were separated by a 15, 30, or 45 s interval. Freezing to the tone was measured 24 h later in a novel environment, and freezing to the training context was measured 48 h later. Running enhanced freezing to context when the retention interval was 1, but not 7 or 21 days. Running had no effect on trace conditioning even though runners displayed enhanced freezing to the training context 48 h later. Wheel running increased survival of new neurons in the hippocampus. Collectively, findings indicate that wheel running enhances cognitive performance on some tasks but not others and that enhanced neurogenesis is not always associated with improved performance on hippocampus tasks, one example of which is trace conditioning.