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81.
Annelies Van Dycke Robrecht Raedt Alain Verstraete Panos Theofilas Wytse Wadman Kristl Vonck Detlev Boison Paul Boon 《Seizure》2010,19(7):390-396
PurposeIntracerebral delivery of anti-epileptic compounds represents a novel strategy for the treatment of refractory epilepsy. Adenosine is a possible candidate for local delivery based on its proven anti-epileptic effects. Neural stem cells constitute an ideal cell source for intracerebral transplantation and long-term drug delivery. In order to develop a cell-based system for the long-term delivery of adenosine, we isolated neural progenitor cells from adenosine kinase deficient mice (Adk?/?) and compared their differentiation potential and adenosine release properties with corresponding wild-type cells.MethodsFetal neural progenitor cells were isolated from the brains of Adk?/? and C57BL/6 mice fetuses and expanded in vitro. Before and after neural differentiation, supernatants were collected and assayed for adenosine release using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS).ResultsAdk?/? cells secreted significantly more adenosine compared to wild-type cells at any time point of differentiation. Undifferentiated Adk?/? cells secreted 137 ± 5 ng adenosine per 105 cells during 24 h in culture, compared to 11 ± 1 ng released from corresponding wild-type cells. Adenosine release was maintained after differentiation as differentiated Adk?/? cells continued to release significantly more adenosine per 24 h (47 ± 1 ng per 105 cells) compared to wild-type cells (3 ± 0.2 ng per 105 cells).ConclusionsFetal neural progenitor cells isolated from Adk?/? mice – but not those from C57BL/6 mice – release amounts of adenosine considered to be of therapeutic relevance. 相似文献
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84.
Keil VC Funke F Zeug A Schild D Müller M 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》2011,462(5):693-708
Using the mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm) marker JC-1 (5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide) and high-resolution imaging, we
functionally analyzed mitochondria in cultured rat hippocampal astrocytes. Ratiometric detection of JC-1 fluorescence identified
mitochondria with high and low ΔΨm. Mitochondrial density was highest in the perinuclear region, whereas ΔΨm tended to be higher in peripheral mitochondria. Spontaneous ΔΨm fluctuations, representing episodes of increased energization, appeared in individual mitochondria or synchronized in mitochondrial
clusters. They continued upon withdrawal of extracellular Ca2+, but were antagonized by dantrolene or 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate (2-APB). Fluo-3 imaging revealed local cytosolic Ca2+ transients with similar kinetics that also were depressed by dantrolene and 2-APB. Massive cellular Ca2+ load or metabolic impairment abolished ΔΨm fluctuations, occasionally evoking heterogeneous mitochondrial depolarizations. The detected diversity and ΔΨm heterogeneity of mitochondria confirms that even in less structurally polarized cells, such as astrocytes, specialized mitochondrial
subpopulations coexist. We conclude that ΔΨm fluctuations are an indication of mitochondrial viability and are triggered by local Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. This spatially confined organelle crosstalk contributes to the functional heterogeneity
of mitochondria and may serve to adapt the metabolism of glial cells to the activity and metabolic demand of complex neuronal
networks. The established ratiometric JC-1 imaging—especially combined with two-photon microscopy—enables quantitative functional
analyses of individual mitochondria as well as the comparison of mitochondrial heterogeneity in different preparations and/or
treatment conditions. 相似文献
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86.
Jesus M. Matos C. Max Schmidt Olivier Turrini Narasimhan P. Agaram Marco Niedergethmann Hans Detlev Saeger Nipun Merchant Cynthia S. Johnson Keith D. Lillemoe Robert Grützmann 《Journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2009,13(8):1495-1502
Introduction The presentation and outcome of patients with acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) of the pancreas compared to the more common ductal
cell adenocarcinoma (DCA) may be distinct. This study combines the experience with ACC from multiple academic institutions
to better understand its natural history and outcomes.
Methods This study is a multi-institutional retrospective review of patients with ACC.
Results Between 1988 and 2008, 17 patients were identified with pathologically confirmed ACC. Median age at presentation was 59 years.
Common presenting symptoms were abdominal pain (60%), back pain (50%), and weight loss (45%). Fifteen patients underwent 16
operations: pancreaticoduodenectomy (nine), distal pancreatectomy (four), and exploratory laparotomy (three). Mean tumor size
was 5.3 cm. American Joint Commission on Cancer tumor stages were stage I (two), stage II (eight), stage III (four), and stage
IV (three). Overall, 1- and 5-year survival rates were 88% and 50%, respectively. In resected cases (13), 1- and 5-year survival
rates were 92% and 53%, respectively. Median survival in resected cases was 61 months. This is in contrast to 1,608 patients
with ductal cell adenocarcinoma who underwent resection identified from recent literature reports where the average median
survival was only 24 months. There was no discernable difference in the outcomes of patients with ACC between United States
and Germany patients.
Conclusion Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas is rare and appears to have a presentation and outcome distinct from the more common
pancreatic DCA. Based upon these data, the outcome of patients with ACC is superior to that of DCA.
Jesus M. Matos and C. Max Schmidt contributed equally to this work.
This paper was presented at the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract (SSAT) in San Diego, California in May 2008. 相似文献
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88.
Polyarteritis nodosa and testicular pain: ultrasonography reveals vasculitis of the testicular artery 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kolar P Schneider U Filimonow S Burmester GR Buttgereit F 《Rheumatology (Oxford, England)》2007,46(8):1377-1378
SIR, Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare disease characterized bynecrotizing vasculitis that may present as an aggressive formassociated with multiorgan involvement [1]. Vast heterogeneityof initial clinical symptoms of PAN can occur and may lead todelayed diagnosis. We present a patient with testicular painas one of the initial clinical symptoms where ultrasonographyrevealed an impressive vasculitis of the testicular artery andreport the clinically protracted and complicated course of thedisease, which has been fully documented by laboratory parameters,photographs, videos and 相似文献
89.
Lentiviral RNAi-induced downregulation of adenosine kinase in human mesenchymal stem cell grafts: a novel perspective for seizure control 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Cell therapies based on focal delivery of the inhibitory neuromodulator adenosine were previously shown to provide potent seizure suppression in animal models of epilepsy. However, hitherto used therapeutic cells were derived from rodents and thus not suitable for clinical applications. Autologous patient-derived adenosine-releasing cell implants would constitute a major therapeutic advance to avoid both xenotransplantation and immunosuppression. Here we describe a novel approach based on lentiviral RNAi mediated downregulation of adenosine kinase (ADK), the major adenosine-removing enzyme, in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), which would be compatible with autologous cell grafting in patients. Following lentiviral transduction of hMSCs with anti-ADK miRNA expression cassettes we demonstrate up to 80% downregulation of ADK and a concentration of 8.5 ng adenosine per ml of medium after incubating 10(5) cells for 8 h. hMSCs with a knockdown of ADK or cells expressing a scrambled control sequence were transplanted into hippocampi of mice 1 week prior to the intraamygdaloid injection of kainic acid (KA). While mice with control implants expressing a scrambled miRNA sequence or sham treated control animals were characterized by KA-induced status epilepticus and subsequent CA3 neuronal cell loss, animals with therapeutic ADK knockdown implants displayed a 35% reduction in seizure duration and 65% reduction in CA3 neuronal cell loss, when analyzed 24 h after KA-injection. We conclude that lentiviral expression of anti-ADK miRNA constitutes a versatile tool to generate therapeutically effective adenosine releasing hMSCs, thus representing a model system to generate patient identical autologous adult stem cell grafts. 相似文献
90.
Franze K Grosche J Skatchkov SN Schinkinger S Foja C Schild D Uckermann O Travis K Reichenbach A Guck J 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2007,104(20):8287-8292
Although biological cells are mostly transparent, they are phase objects that differ in shape and refractive index. Any image that is projected through layers of randomly oriented cells will normally be distorted by refraction, reflection, and scattering. Counterintuitively, the retina of the vertebrate eye is inverted with respect to its optical function and light must pass through several tissue layers before reaching the light-detecting photoreceptor cells. Here we report on the specific optical properties of glial cells present in the retina, which might contribute to optimize this apparently unfavorable situation. We investigated intact retinal tissue and individual Müller cells, which are radial glial cells spanning the entire retinal thickness. Müller cells have an extended funnel shape, a higher refractive index than their surrounding tissue, and are oriented along the direction of light propagation. Transmission and reflection confocal microscopy of retinal tissue in vitro and in vivo showed that these cells provide a low-scattering passage for light from the retinal surface to the photoreceptor cells. Using a modified dual-beam laser trap we could also demonstrate that individual Müller cells act as optical fibers. Furthermore, their parallel array in the retina is reminiscent of fiberoptic plates used for low-distortion image transfer. Thus, Müller cells seem to mediate the image transfer through the vertebrate retina with minimal distortion and low loss. This finding elucidates a fundamental feature of the inverted retina as an optical system and ascribes a new function to glial cells. 相似文献