Platelet-activating factor and its basic metabolic enzymes in blood of naive HIV-infected patients

Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a mediator of proatherosclerotic inflammatory processes, is also implicated in endothelial dysfunction during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We examined PAF metabolism in blood of naive male patients, 8 with early HIV infection (group A) and 17 just before treatment initiation (group B), versus 18 healthy age-matched males (group C). Statistical analysis was performed with 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) criterion and Pearson r test. Higher PAF biosynthesis in patients' leukocytes versus group C was accompanied by an increase in lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity that degrades PAF. Moreover, PAF synthesis was higher and Lp-PLA2 activity was lower in group B compared to group A. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 was positively correlated with viral load and negatively correlated with CD4 cell counts in group B. The activities of PAF-basic biosynthetic enzymes in patients' leukocytes were also negatively correlated with CD4 cell counts. The observed continuous increase in PAF biosynthesis during HIV infection progress seems to amplify the risk of AIDS manifestations and/or cardiovascular complications in HIV-infected patients, while a subsequent increase in Lp-PLA2 activity seems to be a host response.     

社区老年人可摘局部义齿戴用者义齿使用及口腔卫生习惯的调查分析

目的：了解社区内戴用可摘局部义齿的老年人对义齿的使用以及口腔卫生保健情况,为社区针对老年人制定口腔保健策略提供依据。方法：以社区内180例戴用可摘局部义齿1年以上的老年人为对象,采用问卷方式调查其义齿使用及对口腔卫生的维护情况。结果：180例答卷者中,仅有20.0%的老年人清洁义齿的方式较为合理,仅有22.2%的老年人知道义齿在戴用后要在3个月到半年内进行复查,仅有25.6%的老年人是采用竖刷的方法清洁口腔卫生。53.9%的义齿使用者能做到饭后漱口。绝大数的老年人在义齿及时更换方面的意识较差。结论：社区应针对老年人,尤其是可摘局部义齿使用者的口腔保健工作制定相应的策略,以加强老年人的口腔保健意识。     

Reduced risk of cytomegalovirus infection in solid organ transplant recipients treated with sirolimus: a pooled analysis of clinical trials

INTRODUCTION: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic infection that causes substantial morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients. This pooled analysis of Wyeth clinical trials explored the incidence of CMV infection in solid organ transplant recipients treated with sirolimus versus comparator immunosuppressant drugs. METHODS: Wyeth-conducted, multicenter, randomized, comparative trials with at least one non-sirolimus-containing arm and at least 6 months' complete data were included. Cases of CMV were investigator-identified. The occurrence of CMV in sirolimus-treated patients was assessed versus all other comparator agents, versus antimetabolite agents, and versus calcineurin inhibitors. RESULTS: Nine trials in recipients of renal, liver, and cardiac transplants met the inclusion criteria; eight enrolled de novo allograft recipients, and one was a conversion trial. The primary pooled analysis revealed an odd ratio for CMV infection of 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42 to 1.0, P = .047) on sirolimus versus comparator immunosuppressant drugs. The subanalysis of sirolimus versus antimetabolites showed an odds ratio for CMV of 0.39 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.81, P = .012), and for sirolimus versus calcineurin inhibitors the odds ratio was 0.58 (95% CI 0.34 to 1.01, P = .054). CONCLUSION: This pooled analysis demonstrated a reduced risk of CMV infection among sirolimus-treated patients as compared to those receiving alternative forms of immunosuppression in Wyeth-sponsored clinical trials in solid organ transplantation. This risk reduction persisted in subgroup analyses stratified by class of comparator treatment.     

Global resting‐state functional connectivity of neural oscillations in tinnitus with and without hearing loss

This study examined global resting‐state functional connectivity of neural oscillations in individuals with chronic tinnitus and normal and impaired hearing. We tested the hypothesis that distinct neural oscillatory networks are engaged in tinnitus with and without hearing loss. In both tinnitus groups, with and without hearing loss, we identified multiple frequency band‐dependent regions of increased and decreased global functional connectivity. We also found that the auditory domain of tinnitus severity, assayed by the Tinnitus Functional Index, was associated with global functional connectivity in both auditory and nonauditory regions. These findings provide candidate biomarkers to target and monitor treatments for tinnitus with and without hearing loss.     

基于数据挖掘和“方-药-性-效”的藏医治疗慢性胃炎用药规律研究＊

目的 鉴于慢性胃炎是藏医优势病种且有较好的疗效，研究藏医治疗慢性胃炎的用药规律，为藏医临床与科研提供参考。方法 多中心收集藏医治疗慢性胃炎2613例有效临床医案，统一归纳藏医诊断确定归类分型，采用Gephi 0.9.2、SPSS Statistics 23、SPSS Modeler18等软件的描述性统计、Apriori算法、K-均值聚类分析方法，结合藏医“味性化味”药性理论进行分析，构建藏医治疗慢性胃炎的“方-药-性-效”复杂网络。结果 本研究涉及的慢性胃炎的藏医诊断可归纳为四种证型，其中隆型472例、赤巴型811例、培根型974例，其他证型356例。涉及藏药方剂共有137首，其中五鹏丸（1012次）、仁青芒觉（864次）、六味能消散（811次）等频次最高；关联规则分析发现，五味金色散和六味能消散关联最高。其中隆型以六味木香散等平隆助动、促进胃肠蠕动类方剂为主；赤巴型以五味金色散等清热凉血、消炎治疮类方剂为主；培根型以五味石榴散等平培根、助胃火类方剂为主。组方中诃子、木香、红花等使用频次最多，设置“支持度 ≥ 40%，置信度 ≥ 80%”时诃子、石榴子、木香等关联最强。药性分析发现，甘味、苦味、辛味等偏盛，十七效中以凉、钝、重、糙等为主，其中凉效、钝效可对治热、锐特性引起的胃热、胃肠糜烂等疾病，并分析方剂对治三因的比值，发现主要对治赤巴，其次为隆和培根。结论 通过构建“方-药-性-效”的研究模式，发现藏医对慢性胃炎的诊疗具有一定的规律可循，慢性胃炎在藏医诊断中可分为四种证型，总体治疗具有以“清血热-抑胃液-养胃火-通胃隆”四位一体的隐形用药规律，其中隆型以镇隆平气为主，赤巴型以清热凉血为主，培根型以平寒温胃为主，藏医临床治疗慢性胃炎提供有益参考。