瑞香狼毒中的一个新双香豆素——异西瑞香素B

目的：研究瑞香狼毒的化学成分。方法：采用硅胶柱层析的方法分离和纯化化合物，根据理化性质和波谱方法鉴定化合物结构。结果：从瑞香狼毒中分离得到两个双香豆素类化合物：7-羟基-5，6-二甲氧基-3-[（2-羰基-2H—1-苯骈吡喃-7）氧取代]-2H—1-苯骈吡喃-2-酮，命名为异西瑞香素B（1）和西瑞香素（2）。结论：化合物1为新化合物。     

中耳炎--一个古老而不衰的课题

耳炎是一个古老的课题，早在耳鼻咽喉科尚未分化为一个独立的学科之前，其治疗就开始了，然而迄今发病率依然很高。随着现代医学和科学技术的发展，对它的认识和治疗有了很大进展。中耳炎是一个常见病和多发病，严重影响着人类的健康和生活质量。因此我国耳鼻咽喉科学工作者迫切感到有必要坐到一起，对中耳炎的分类分型和手术治疗的分类进行讨论，以更好地指导临床实践。     

含活性细胞的新型创面覆盖物的研制及初步应用

目的:制备含活性细胞的高生物学活性的创面覆盖物,并观察其对创面愈合的促进作用.方法:提取鼠尾胶原,与硫酸软膏素按一定比例混合制成胶原膜;采用胶原酶消化培养法,取健康成人(15～35岁)环切包皮分离成纤维细胞培养并传代.将异体成纤维细胞种植于胶原膜表面培养1周,采用ELISA法和RIA法测定培养上清中细胞因子IL-6、IL-8、TGF-β1及细胞外基质层粘连蛋白、透明质酸的分泌;从需手术植皮的烧伤患者(18～45岁,烧伤面积5％～32％TBSA)大腿外侧切取厚约0.4 mm的中厚皮片,将成纤维细胞-胶原膜覆盖物用于中厚皮片供皮区,观察愈合时间.结果:成纤维细胞种植于胶原膜表面生长良好,可长入膜内形成具有三维结构的覆盖物.培养1周,上清中测得IL-6为(502.2±21.9) pg/ml、IL-8为(340.5±23.2) pg/ml、TGF-β1为(1.431±0.063) pg/ml,层粘连蛋白为(92.1±13.5) ng/ml,透明质酸为(2 037.4±105.8) ng/ml.将覆盖物用于供皮区,其表皮化时间为(6.2±2.5) d,较单纯胶原膜的(9.8±2.3) d、凡士林纱布的(10.1±1.9) d明显缩短(P<0.01),上皮分化程度高.结论:含成纤维细胞的胶原膜具有较高的生物学活性,可作为一种良好的暂时性创面覆盖物.     

Role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in lung injury after burn trauma

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of SB203580, a specific p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor, on burn-induced lung injury as well as the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta in rats to characterize the role of p38 MAP kinase in lung injury after burn trauma. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: 1) sham group, or rats who underwent sham burn; 2) control group, or rats given third-degree burns over 30% total body surface area (TBSA) and lactated Ringer solution for resuscitation; and 3) SB203580 group, or rats given burn injury and lactated Ringers solution with SB203580 inside for resuscitation. Pulmonary injury was assessed at 24 h by pulmonary capillary permeability determined with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled albumin and lung histologic analysis. TNF-alpha and IL-1beta protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and p38 MAP kinase was activity determined in lung by Western blot analysis. These studies showed that significant activation of p38 MAP kinase at 24 h postburn compared with control. Burn trauma resulted in increased pulmonary capillary leakage permeability, elevated levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum, and worsened histologic condition. SB203580 inhibited the activation of p38 MAP kinase, reduced the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, and prevented burn-mediated lung injury. These data suggest that p38 MAP kinase activation is one important aspect of the signaling event that may mediate the release of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and contributes to burn-induced lung injury.     

Heteroclitins R-S： new dibenzocylooctadiene lignans from Kadsura heteroclita

AIM： To study the dibenzocylooctadiene lignans from the stems of Kadsura heteroclita. METHOD： Chromatographic separations of silica gel and semi-preparative HPLC were used. All of the structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis,including 2D-NMR and HR-MS techniques. RESULTS： Four dibenzocylooctadiene lignans were isolated from K. heteroclita. Their structures were identified as heteroclitin R（1）, heteroclitin S（2）, gonisin O（3）, and schisanlignone A（4）. CONCLUSION： Heteroclitin R（1） and heteroclitin S（2） are new natural lignans.     

Cytotoxic and antifungal isoprenylated xanthones and flavonoids from Cudrania fruticosa

A new isoprenylated xanthone, cudrafrutixanthone A, was isolated from the roots of Cudrania fruticosa, together with 18 known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Most isoprenylated xanthones exhibited cytotoxicity against HCT-116, SMMC-7721, SGC-7901, and BGC-823 cell lines with IC (50) values of 1 - 5 microg/mL. Toxyloxanthone C and wighteone showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans with MICs of 25 and 12.5 microg/mL, respectively.     

Interleukin(IL)-4 promotion of CXCL-8 gene transcription is mediated by ERK1/2 pathway in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells

Interleukin-4 is central to allergic pulmonary inflammatory responses, but its contribution to airway neutrophilia remains controversial. The endothelium plays a critical role in regulating leukocyte recruitment and migration during inflammation. However, its response to IL-4 is reported to either increase or decrease the production of neutrophil chemotactic factors. We hypothesized that these conflicting findings may be due to the tissue and the size of the vessels from which endothelial cells have been derived. The expression of CXCL-8 by human primary culture umbilical veins endothelial cells (HUVECs), human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs), and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) when stimulated with recombinant human IL-4 (rhIL-4) was studied. The chemoattractant property of the cells' supernatants for neutrophils was evaluated using Boyden chambers. The role of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in IL-4-induced HPAECs was studied using Western blotting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). We demonstrated that IL-4 increased the mRNA expression and the protein production of CXCL-8 in HPAECs, but not in HUVECs and HPMECs. The supernatants of HAPECs stimulated by IL-4 significantly promoted neutrophils migration in a dose-dependent manner, and was significantly attenuated by an inhibitor of CXCL-8. We also found that extracellular-regulated protein kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) is activated by IL-4 in HPAECs, but not JUN-N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) or p38 MAPK pathway. Furthermore, NF-κB-DNA binding activity, phosphorylation of IκBα and p65 levels were not affected by rhIL-4 in HAPECs. These findings indicate marked functional differences in the response of micro and macro-ECs to IL-4. ERK1/2, rather than NF-κB, JNK and p38 MAPK signaling, plays a role in IL-4 induced chemokine activation. Our results suggest that inhibition of ERK1/2 may be a possible target for airway neutrophilia in allergic lung diseases.     

Ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric procedure for qualitative and quantitative analyses of nortriterpenoids and lignans in the genus Schisandra

An ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) procedure is designed for the first simultaneous analysis of nortriterpenoids and lignans in Schisandra samples. The method consists of three individual mass spectrometric experiments, including the full scan MS, MS/MS experiment and in-source collision induced dissociation (CID) MS/MS, which enable the identification of diagnostic fragmentation pathways of nortriterpenoids and lignans. As such, a total of 6 nortriterpenoids and 10 lignans were unequivocally identified, and one nortriterpenoid and 20 lignans were tentatively identified from different Schisandra samples within 12.5 min. In addition, 6 nortriterpenoids and 10 lignans were quantified in 48 samples of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera using an extract ion chromatogram (XIC) of the full scan MS experiment. Dataset obtained from UPLC-MS was processed with principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squared discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to compare the difference between the two Schisandra species.     

T型锁定加压钢板治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折初步报告

目的 探讨开放复位、锁定加压钢板（locking compression plate，IEP）内固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2003年5月-2005年5月收治的35例桡骨远端粉碎性骨折病人，采用LCP系统切开复位内固定，9例病人进行植骨，术后早期功能锻炼。结果 全部病例获7～32个月的随访，平均17．2个月。X线显示骨折均愈合良好，无成角畸形，未发现晚期塌陷导致的背倾、钉板松动及骨折再移位病例，术后功能优良率94．29％。结论 早期切开复位行LCP内固定是治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的理想方法。