Effects of a Short-Term “Fat Adaptation with Carbohydrate Restoration” Diet on Metabolic Responses and Exercise Performance in Well-Trained Runners

Periodized carbohydrate availability can enhance exercise capacity, but the effects of short-term fat adaptation carbohydrate restoration (FACR) diets on metabolic responses and exercise performance in endurance athletes have not been conclusively determined. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a FACR diet on measures of resting metabolism, exercise metabolism, and exercise performance. Well-trained male runners (n = 8) completed a FACR dietary intervention (five days’ carbohydrate < 20% and fat > 60% energy, plus one-day carbohydrate ≥ 70% energy), and a control high-carbohydrate (HCHO) diet for six days (carbohydrate > 60% energy; fat < 20% energy) in a randomized crossover design. Pre- and post-intervention metabolic measures included resting metabolic rate (RMR), respiratory quotient (RQ), maximum fat oxidation rate during exercise (MFO), and maximum fat oxidation intensity (FATmax). Measures of exercise performance included maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max), running economy (RE), and 5 km running time trial (5 km-TT). In FACR compared with HCHO, there were significant improvements in FATmax (p = 0.006) and RE (p = 0.048). There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between FACR and HCHO in RMR, RQ, VO₂max, or 5 km-TT. Findings suggest that a short-term (six days) FACR diet may facilitate increased fat oxidation and submaximal exercise economy but does not improve 5 km-TT performance.     

The Potential of Anti-Bullying Efforts to Prevent Academic Failure and Youth Crime. A Case Using the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP)

Prevention Science - The effectiveness of bullying prevention programs has led to expectations that these programs could have effects beyond their primary goals. By reducing the number of victims...     

2018—2020年沈阳市6岁及以下儿童肺炎病例特征及病原菌分析

目的 观察2018—2020年沈阳市6岁及以下儿童肺炎病例特征及病原菌分布情况,为儿童肺炎防治工作提供参考依据。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年10月沈阳市某医院3 120例6岁及以下儿童肺炎的临床资料,包括患儿的性别、年龄、发病季节、临床症状、住院时间资料、儿童病例呼吸道分泌物细菌培养结果、咽拭子呼吸道病毒抗原检测结果、血清样本肺炎支原体及衣原体抗体检测结果,以及主要病原菌的K-B纸片法药敏试验结果。结果 3 120例患儿中男性1 763例,女性1 357例,以0~3岁患儿比例最高（60.6%）,秋冬季节发病比例高（63.0%）,临床症状主要有咳嗽（96.6%）、发热（95.7%）、呼吸急促（88.6%）、夜寐欠安（86.3%）、食纳差（74.0%）等,住院时间平均（9.3±2.8）d。不同年龄、住院时间的患儿病原菌检出率差异有统计学意义（均P<0.01）,以0~3岁、住院时间>14 d的患儿病原菌检出率最高。所有患儿共检出病原菌2 675株,其中革兰阴性菌1 539株（57.5%）、革兰阳性菌728株（27.2%）、其他408株（15.3%）。革兰阴性菌以肺炎克雷伯菌（412株）、流感嗜血杆菌（365株）为主,革兰阳性菌以金黄色葡萄球菌（296株）、肺炎链球菌（214株）为主。肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢唑啉、头孢呋辛耐药率高,对亚胺培南、美洛培南敏感;流感嗜血杆菌对复方新诺明、氨苄西林耐药率高,对氨曲南、亚胺硫霉素敏感。金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素、红霉素耐药率高,对万古霉素、替考拉宁敏感;肺炎链球菌对红霉素、阿奇霉素耐药率高,对万古霉素、左氧氟沙星敏感。结论 沈阳市6岁及以下儿童肺炎病例男性、0~3岁、秋冬季节比例高,临床表现多样并且病原菌检出率高,可根据病原菌分布特点及药敏试验结果为儿童病例选择适合的治疗方案。     

阴道微环境失衡与高危型人乳头瘤病毒持续感染

目的探讨阴道微生态失衡与高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)持续感染的关系。 方法选择2014年1月至2015年12月,在四川省科学城医院妇科诊断为HR-HPV感染的240例患者为研究对象,年龄为19~73岁。根据HR-HPV感染状态,将其分为研究组(n＝121,HR-HPV持续感染者)和对照组(n＝119,HR-HPV复查呈阴性者)。采用成组t检验,对2组患者的体重、人体质量指数(BMI)、孕次、产次等进行统计学分析。采用χ²检验,对2组患者的细菌性阴道病(BV)、外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(VVC)、滴虫性阴道炎(TV)、需氧菌性阴道炎(AV)发生率等进行统计学分析。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。 结果①2组受试者体重、BMI、孕次和产次等一般临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②研究组患者BV、VVC检出率分别为43.0%(52/121)、38.0%(46/121),明显高于对照组的20.2%(24/119)、15.1%(18/119),2组比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ²＝14.422、16.075,P＝0.002、<0.001)。研究组和对照组患者的TV、AV和混合性感染患者检出率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论BV、VVC与HR-HPV持续性感染密切相关,改善阴道微生态环境可能有助于降低HR-HPV的发生率。     

信息交流视角下国内外科技期刊的知识服务模式

【目的】在信息交流视角下,探讨我国科技期刊知识服务转型发展的突破路径。 【方法】通过文献调研和对比分析法,探讨面向科技期刊知识服务的科学信息交流模式框架,对国内外科技期刊知识服务模式进行分析。 【结果】分别从正式交流和非正式交流视角,归纳总结国内外科技期刊所开展的知识服务。通过对比国内外科技期刊在服务模式、手段和渠道的差异,提出我国科技期刊知识服务的发展策略。 【结论】我国科技期刊应从集团化经营模式、自动化出版流程、基于微信矩阵拓展服务项目等方面入手,完善自身的知识服务体系,实现知识生产向知识服务的创新转型。     

Investigating the relationship between social care supply and healthcare utilization by older people in England

Since 2010, adult social care spending in England has fallen significantly in real terms whilst demand has risen. Reductions in social care supply may also have impacted demand for NHS services, particularly for those whose care is provided at the interface of the health and care systems. We analyzed a panel dataset of 150 local authorities (councils) to test potential impacts on hospital utilization by people aged 65 and over: emergency admission rates for falls and hip fractures (“front‐door” measures); and extended stays of 7 days or longer; and 21 days or longer (“back‐door” measures). Changes in social care supply were assessed in two ways: gross current expenditure (per capita 65 and over) adjusted by local labor costs and social care workforce (per capita 18 and over). We ran negative binomial models, controlling for deprivation, ethnicity, age, unpaid care, council class, and year effects. To account for potential endogeneity, we ran instrumental variable regressions and dynamic panel models. Sensitivity analysis explored potential effects of funding for integrated care (the Better Care Fund). There was no consistent evidence that councils with higher per capita spend or higher social care staffing rates had lower hospital admission rates or shorter hospital stays.     

早期认知-行为干预对冠心病介入治疗患者心功能及自我管理能力的影响

目的 观察早期认知-行为干预对冠心病介入治疗患者心功能及自我管理能力的影响。方法 将2019年2月至2021年2月于我院接受介入治疗的100例冠心病患者随机分为观察组与对照组各50例。对照组予以常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上实施早期认知-行为干预。对比两组的心功能[左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)及左室后壁厚度(LVPWd)]、自我管理能力。结果 护理后,观察组的LVEF高于对照组, LVEDD、 LVPWd低于对照组(P<0.05)。护理后,观察组症状管理、角色功能、情绪控制、沟通能力评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 早期认知-行为干预可显著改善冠心病介入治疗患者心功能状态与自我管理能力,促进其病情恢复,值得临床推广应用。     

腭裂患儿鼓膜象及听力损失的调查

目的 :了解腭裂患儿中耳功能障碍及听力损失的发病情况。方法 :对腭裂患儿及正常儿童各 5 0例进行电耳镜检查 ,对部分能够合作患儿及正常儿童行纯音测听。结果 :腭裂患儿鼓膜异常像及听力损失发生率分别达74%及 5 8% ,对照组分别为 2 9%及 12 % ,二者有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :腭裂患儿应定期进行耳镜及听力检查 ,及时处理中耳疾患 ,以免严重听力损害的发生 ,对防聋治聋很有意义。