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991.
目的探究血清总胆红素(TBIL)对老年女性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者接受直接PCI后造影剂肾病(CIN)的预测价值。方法回顾性分析我院心脏内科接受直接PCI的老年女性STEMI患者579例,分为CIN组48例和非CIN组531例;收集患者一般临床资料,计算估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR),检测TBIL水平。结果与非CIN组比较,CIN组年龄、高血压、糖尿病、肌酐、尿素、空腹血糖、白细胞计数、血小板计数明显升高,eGFR、TBIL、血红蛋白水平明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。logistic回归分析模型结果显示,低TBIL是CIN的独立危险因素(OR=1.430,95%CI:1.217~1.834,P=0.024);年龄、糖尿病、基线肌酐、基线eGFR也均为CIN的独立危险因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论低TBIL是老年女性STEMI患者PCI术后CIN的独立危险因素,TBIL可能有助于及早且准确地识别CIN高危患者,为临床治疗决策的制定提供一定的依据。  相似文献   
992.
Hunger elicits diverse, yet coordinated, adaptive responses across species, but the underlying signaling mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we report on the function and mechanism of the Drosophila insulin-like system in the central regulation of different hunger-driven behaviors. We found that overexpression of Drosophila insulin-like peptides (DILPs) in the nervous system of fasted larvae suppressed the hunger-driven increase of ingestion rate and intake of nonpreferred foods (e.g., a less accessible solid food). Moreover, up-regulation of Drosophila p70/S6 kinase activity in DILP neurons led to attenuated hunger response by fasted larvae, whereas its down-regulation triggered fed larvae to display motivated foraging and feeding. Finally, we provide evidence that neural regulation of food preference but not ingestion rate may involve direct signaling by DILPs to neurons expressing neuropeptide F receptor 1, a receptor for neuropeptide Y-like neuropeptide F. Our study reveals a prominent role of neural Drosophila p70/S6 kinase in the modulation of hunger response by insulin-like and neuropeptide Y-like signaling pathways.  相似文献   
993.

Background

Governmental policies in China have strengthened education in the medical humanities. Previous publications have highlighted the inadequacy of medical humanities education in China and have promoted their advancement and evaluation. Medical disputes and mistrust between doctors and patients in China have been ascribed to a paucity of proper medical humanities education at the medical student level. However, no studies to date have specifically examined the frequency, structure, and characteristics of the medical humanities curricula at all Chinese medical schools, making it difficult to draw a comprehensive understanding of its current state. We therefore aim to provide such an understanding of the current role of the medical humanities at Chinese medical schools.

Methods

We did an exploratory cross-sectional study of medical humanities education in China. We did a comprehensive web-based search of records and curricula to identify all medical humanities courses at all tier-one western medicine Chinese medical schools. In China, only tier-one colleges can offer an education in clinical medicine. All medical schools' compulsory public curricula and the schools' medical humanities curricula were included in our analyses. The primary outcome was to categorise both quantitatively and qualitatively the role of the humanities at Chinese medical schools. We categorised all course data and analysed it using SPSS (version 20). Ethical approval was obtained by the Institutional Review Board of the National Yang-Ming University.

Findings

Between July 1, 2017, and April 30, 2018, we identified 138 tier-one Chinese medical schools with compulsory public curricula, of which 93 (67%) had a medical humanities curricula. Eight medical humanities course types were identified. On average, each school offers 3·84 types of different medical humanities courses. The types of courses that are offered the most are medical psychology or clinical psychology (72 [77%] of 94), medical ethics (68 [72%]), hygienic or medical jurisprudence (56 [60%]), and doctor–patient communication (46 [49%]). Medical humanities courses account for 3–10% of the total credits medical students are required to obtain to graduate in China. The compulsory Ideological and Political Theory curriculum accounts for 6–8% of credits required to graduate. This curriculum includes Mao Zedong Thought, Modern Chinese History, Marxism, Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, and Moral Education and Law, and is required of all students, not solely medical students.

Interpretation

Medical humanities courses at western medical schools such as the University of Oxford and Harvard Medical School account for 15% and 25% of the total credits required to graduate, respectively. In China, medical humanities education accounts for a substantially smaller portion of the curriculum. Despite ongoing medical disputes and doctor–patient tension, only half of medical schools offer doctor–patient communication type courses. However, China's Ideological and Political Theory curriculum also has a humanistic intent, and when added with medical humanities courses, the two together account for 9–18% of the total credits required to graduate. These unique curricular components serve to support governmental priorities, including developing leaders who follow the so-called rule of law and the rule of virtue. These traits of China's medical humanities curricula match China's national political ideology. However, a more coherent longitudinal medical humanities framework specifically aimed at strengthening the patient–doctor relationship would be useful. China's endeavours to foster medical humanities education reform should be actively promoted at the research, policy, and practice level.

Funding

The Republic of China Ministry of Science and Technology (grant MOST 105-2511-S-010 -002 -MY2).  相似文献   
994.
995.
动态血压监测(ambulatory blood pressure moni-toring,ABPM)技术经过30多年的不断发展和完善,目前已逐渐应用于临床。动态血压监测不仅真实地反映了各时间点的血压状况,而且揭示了高血压患者血压波动特点及昼夜变化规律,较偶测血压有诸多优点,有助于筛选临界高血压及轻度高血压,鉴别“白大衣高血压”,预示靶器官损害程度,还能更好地评价降压药的疗效,指导合理降压治疗[1],但是动态血压不能取代诊所血压测量。1动态血压仪器动态血压监测技术包括直接(动脉内)和间接(无创性)动态血压记录两种。1966年Bevan等设计了动脉内直接测压的方法:经…  相似文献   
996.
Yang L  Qi F  Yang Y  Wang X  Zhu S  Guo C  Shi Y  Ren L 《中华内科杂志》2002,41(5):302-305
目的:了解不同程序充血性心力衰竭(CHF)病人心肌细胞血管紧张素Ⅱ型受体(AT1)、AT2的mRNA表达与心肌重塑和心功能的关系。方法:通过手术取材,采用RT-PCR技术测定31例瓣膜病所致CHF病人不同心功能组与5例正常人心肌细胞AT1和AT2的mRNA表达。结果:瓣膜病所致心力衰竭(心衰)病人心肌组织呈心肌重塑的病理改变。轻度心衰病人心肌细胞AT1mRNA表达较正常人增高,中重度心衰组AT1mRNA表达明显降低,AT2mRNA表达差异无显著性,但AT1/AT2比值明显降低。结论:心肌细胞AT1在轻度心衰病人增高可能与心肌肥厚的发生有关,重度心衰病人心肌细胞占优势的受体亚型从AT1转变为AT2,其功能意义可能是对心衰的局部保护机制,也可能通过AT2诱导心肌细胞凋亡,致心功能进一步恶化。  相似文献   
997.
目的:探讨非瓣膜性心房颤动患者凝血-纤溶系统改变及其意义.方法:选择慢性非瓣膜性心房颤动患者(心房颤动组)54例,其中男28例,女26例,平均年龄(58.4±12.3)岁;存在相同心血管疾病(高血压或冠心病)的窦性心律者(窦性心律组)40例,男20例,女20例,平均年龄(57.6±11.7)岁;健康体检者35例为对照组,其中男17例,女18例,平均年龄(52.4±18.5)岁.测定以上3组患者血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、组织纤溶酶原激活剂、组织纤溶酶原抑制剂水平及凝血酶原时间、凝血酶时间和部分凝血活酶时间.结果:非瓣膜性心房颤动患者血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体和组织纤溶酶原抑制剂水平显著升高,血浆组织纤溶酶原激活剂水平显著降低.凝血酶原时间、凝血酶时间和部分凝血活酶时间则无显著变化.结论:非瓣膜性心房颤动患者存在高凝和低纤溶状态.  相似文献   
998.
叶春幸  高兴林  林琦 《国际呼吸杂志》2007,27(18):1431-1433
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)是一种常见的慢性睡眠呼吸疾患,该病有较高的心脑血管并发症。OSAHS患者炎症因子分泌异常,炎症因子可通过各种机制参与血管病变。以下就OSAHS患者炎症因子对血管内皮细胞的作用作一综述。  相似文献   
999.
目的:比较复方牛胎肝提取物片(商品名安珐特)与γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)抗肝纤维化疗效并探讨其作用机制。方法:用四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导形成大鼠肝纤维化模型,设模型组和正常对照组,使用不同剂量安珐特与IFN-γ对该模型肝纤维化大鼠治疗8周,观察各组大鼠肝功能、血清透明质酸(HA)水平、肝组织胶原含量、病理组织学及免疫组织化学多种细胞因子的表达变化,并以透射电镜观察肝组织超微结构的改变。结果:大鼠死亡率与安珐特剂量有明显的量效关系,3种剂量安珐特与IFN-γ治疗组间SSS计分、一些细胞因子表达水平、部分血清学指标和肝胶原含量无明显差异(P〉0.05),但都不同程度低于模型组(P〈0.05或P〈0.01)。结论:安珐特抗肝纤维化作用与IFN-γ相似。  相似文献   
1000.
脑型并殖吸虫病是颅内感染卫氏并殖吸虫或斯氏并殖吸虫引起的疾病 ,其对中枢神经系统损伤较大 ,早期诊断具有重要的临床意义。为探讨其早期影像学特点 ,作者回顾分析了 8例患者的CT和磁共振 (MRI)资料 ,报告如下。1 研究对象及方法8例患者中男 5例 ,女 3例 ,年龄 6~ 13岁 ,居住陕西省 (5例 )及河南省 (3例 )。 5例有食石蟹史。 2例经手术病理检查确诊 ,6例皮内试验及ELISA阳性。 3例有皮下游走性结节。 2例脑脊液嗜酸粒细胞增高。肺部均无症状和体征。主要表现为头痛、呕吐、癫痫发作、肢体无力或偏瘫。 8例经吡喹酮治疗后症状有不同…  相似文献   
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