Histopathological effects of [D-Leu]Microcystin-LR variants on liver, skeletal muscle and intestinal tract of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844)

This study evaluated the effects of [D-Leu¹]Microcystin-LR variants, by the exposure of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix to Microcystis aeruginosa NPLJ4. Fish was placed in aquariums and exposed to 10⁵ cells mL⁻¹. For 15 days, 05 individuals were removed every 05 days, and tissue samples of liver, skeletal muscle and intestinal tract were collected for histopathologic analyses. Following exposure, those surviving were placed in clean water for 15 days to evaluate their recovery. A control without toxins was maintained in the same conditions and exhibited normal histology and no tissue damage. In exposed fish, samples were characterized by serious damages that similarly affected the different organs, such as dissociation of cells, necrosis and haemorrhage. Samples showed signs of recovery but severe damages were still observed. The results should be valuable to analyze the potency of microcystin toxicity and to help in the diagnosis of fish deaths.     

全肺切除术治疗肺癌的临床分析

目的 :探讨全肺切除术和经心包内处理血管的全肺切除术治疗肺癌的效果。方法 :对 74例Ⅱb～Ⅲb期肺癌患者行全肺切除术 ,其中 32例在肺癌的全肺切除术中进行了心包内处理血管 ,其余 4 2例行标准全肺切除术。结果 :心包内处理血管组与标准切除组术后各有 1例并发脓胸 ,其中心包内处理血管组的并发脓胸者死亡。术后两组分别随访 2 2例和 31例 ,5年生存率分别为 18.1%和 16 .1%。经心包内处理血管的全肺切除与标准全肺切除术患者 5年生存率和术后并发症发生率差异均无显著性 (P =1.0 0 0和P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :全肺切除术中力争达到根治 ,经心包内处理血管技术的应用 ,对于提高患者的生存率、改善晚期肺癌的生活质量是有价值的     

骨搬移法对下肢缺血疾病疗效的基础研究

目的　观察应用胫骨横向骨搬移法对犬下肢缺血性疾病动物模型的血管再生效果。方法　将 2 0只犬制成下肢缺血性疾病动物模型 ,建模后 1周对犬的后肢施行胫骨横向骨搬移术 ,即在胫骨内侧嵴开一个 5cm× 1cm骨窗 ,以特制的支架每天 1mm速度向外牵拉。分别于不同时期处死动物 ,通过皮温测定 ,光镜下测量血管密度 ,血管造影等方法来观察血管再生情况。结果　在不同时相点观察到伴随着骨的搬移 ,有明显的毛细血管再生现象 (以第 7～ 2 1天为著 )。结论　应用胫骨横向骨搬移法可对犬下肢缺血性疾病动物模型产生明显的血管再生 ,有明显的治疗效果     

噪声对人体心血管系统影响的动态观察

目的对长期接触噪声与心血管的关系作初步相关分析,并提出预防策略。方法以某厂221例噪声超过85分贝的作业场所职工列为暴露组,85分贝以下的行政、机关、科室及其他车间320例作业者列为非暴露组。对两组听力及心电图进行长期跟踪观察。结果长期接触噪声作业者,心电图指数明显高于非暴露组,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),随着工龄年份的增加,心血管损害有增加趋势。结论证实噪声对心血管损害有一定相关性,为预防噪声提供依据,并提出可行性预防建议。     

乳腺病变X线立体定位钢丝置入移位的分析

目的分析乳腺立体定位下钢丝置入移位的表现、原因、处理方法，提高术前定位的准确性。方法行立体定位置入钢丝患者79例，96个病变，发生钢丝移位13例。结果立体定位中发生钢丝移位5例，原因分别来自于患者和操作医师；立体定位完成后钢丝移位5例，原因是局麻注射药物过多，导致乳腺Z轴的深度与计算机提示的实际深度不符合、放置定位针的方法不正确、拔出钢丝外套针套时疏忽钢丝是否已锚定病变。处理方法：可按照钢丝提示位置向病变方向移位2cm以内进行手术，重新放置第2根钢丝，将双J型钢丝收入针套并取出体外，重新定位。手术中钢丝脱出2例，因术后过分提拉钢丝所致，放射科医师放置钢丝后应向外科医师准确描述深度、方向，并从距离钢丝头端距离皮肤最近处取切口手术。术后标本未见钙化1例，与钙化位于手术电刀破坏的腺体内有关，可扩大范围切除并短期复查，证实钙化是否完整切除。结论正确认识乳腺X线立体定位下钢丝移位的表现，熟练掌握其处理方法，可提高对不可触及的乳腺病变的定位准确性，正确引导外科手术。     

注射自体成纤维细胞除皱的临床应用

目的观察体外培养的自体成纤维细胞注射的面部除皱临床效果,探讨其在面部年轻化治疗中的意义。方法取10例睑袋及上睑松弛手术切除的皮肤行体外培养,细胞数量扩增至108后注射入面部不同治疗部位皮肤的真皮深层,共注射3次,每次间隔2周。结果10例随访6~12月,各例皱纹均得到明显改善,未出现免疫排斥、肉芽肿等并发症。结论应用培养的自体成纤维细胞注射去除面部浅表皱纹,治疗过程简便、创伤微小、安全、效果确实,是一种较好地填充除皱方法。由于尚缺乏更长期的随访结果,远期疗效还有待进一步观察。     

Distribution of α-integrin subunits in fetal polycystic kidney diseases

An alteration in cell/matrix interactions is one of the suggested mechanisms leading to cyst formation in polycystic kidney diseases. Most of these interactions are mediated by β1-integrins, a subfamily of integrin receptors, formed by the association of the β1-chain with different α-subunits. To date, no study on α-integrin subunit distribution during the early stages of cyst development has been reported. Using immunofluorescence, we analyzed the distribution of α-integrin subunits (α1, α2, α3, α5, and α6) and basement membrane proteins in kidneys of fetuses with autosomal dominant (ADPKD) or autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). The distribution was compared with that observed in normal fetal and post-natal kidneys, and in fetal cystic dysplasia and Meckel syndrome. Marked increase in α1-integrin staining was observed in normal and cystic collecting duct cells of both polycystic diseases (PKD), compared with normal and cystic controls. The distribution of integrin subunits α2, α3, and α6 was irregular in cyst epithelial cells of PKD and cystic controls. The increased expression of the α1-subunit specifically observed in PKD collecting duct cells may be an early consequence of the genetic defect in ARPKD. In ADPKD it parallels the reported expression of polycystin, the protein product of PKD1. The irregular expression of α2, α3, and α6 integrin subunits observed in all types of cysts suggests that cell/matrix interactions are altered early and may participate in the development of cysts, perhaps by contributing to the deregulation of cell survival in cystic diseases. Received May 28, 1996; received in revised form October 2, 1996; accepted October 25, 1996