Planning for children whose parents are dying of HIV/AIDS. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Pediatric AIDS, 1998-1999

Although the character of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is changing into a chronic illness, it is estimated that by the end of this century, 80 000 children and adolescents in the United States will be orphaned by parental death caused by human immunodeficiency virus infection. Plans for these children need to be made to ensure not only a stable, consistent environment that provides love and nurturing, but also the medical and social interventions necessary to cope with the tragic loss. Pediatricians should become aware of local laws and community resources and initiate discussion early in the course of parental illness to facilitate planning for the future care and custody of the children. States need to adopt laws and regulations that provide flexible approaches to guardianship and placement of children orphaned by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.     

A study to the fibroblast—populated collagen lattices

ＦＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＯｒａｌＭａｘｉｌｌｏｆａｃｉａｌＳｕｒｇｅｒｙ ,2ｎｄＣｌｉｎｉｃａｌＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＣｈｉｎａＭｅｄｉｃａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ,Ｓｈｅｎｙａｎｇ 1 1 0 0 0 3,Ｃｈｉｎａ(ＷｕＺＱ)ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＯｒａｌＳｕｒｇｅｒｙ ,ＭｅｄｉｃｉｎｅａｎｄＰａｔｈｏｌｏｇｙ ,ＤｅｎｔａｌＳｃｈｏｏｌ,ＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＷａｌｅｓＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＭｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ ,ＣａｒｄｉｆｆＣＦ44ＸＹ ,ＵｎｉｔｅｄＫｉｎｇｄｏｍ (ＫＪＤａｖｉｅｓ ,ＤＷＴｈｏｍａｓ)ｉｂｒｏｂｌａｓ…     

肠源性内毒素血症与肝病

近年来,肠源性内毒素血症(intestinal endotoxemia,IETM)与肝病的关系日益受到重视.临床观察表明,各种急、慢性肝炎、肝硬变和重型肝炎患者内毒素血症(endotoxemia,ETM)发生率有不同程度升高.内毒素与肝损害之间存在着密切的关系[1-3].二者可互为因果,从而对肝病的发生发展产生重要影响.特别是内毒素作用于肝脏后,引起多种细胞因子分泌与释放,导致肝脏损害进一步加重,甚至出现黄疸、出血、肾功能衰竭与肝性脑病等肝功能衰竭临床综合征.     

Serial lung scintigraphy: utility in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism

Pairs of sequential perfusion lung scans and pulmonary angiograms obtained in 45 patients were reviewed to investigate the utility of short-term, sequential scintigraphy in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE). Forty-six sequential scan pairs were reviewed; 13 were ventilation-perfusion (V-P) pairs. Angiograms were obtained within 48 hours of either the first (65%) or second (35%) perfusion scan in each pair. Sequential scintigraphic patterns were classified as showing change (i.e., improvement in defects, new defects), no change, or as being indeterminate. A changing perfusion pattern was associated with a high (20/23) likelihood of PE, but seven of 16 patients with stable perfusion patterns also had PE. The sensitivity of a changing perfusion pattern for PE was 0.74 (20/27) and its specificity was 0.75 (9/12). In two of six patients who had serial V-P studies that showed changing perfusion defects, there were matched changes in regional ventilation and angiograms were negative. The findings suggest that short-term serial perfusion lung scanning may aid the scintigraphic diagnosis of PE in certain circumstances. Serial V-P imaging is needed, however, to maximize diagnostic specificity.     

山莨菪碱和蝙蝠葛碱对白三烯和PAF诱导的牛脑前动脉平滑肌细胞DNA合成的影响(英文)

白三烯和血小板活化因子在低于nmol浓度时就能刺激培养的牛脑前动脉平滑肌细胞的DNA合成,在10^-7mol/L时达最大刺激。LTB₄,LTD₄和PAF在10^-7mol/L时对上述细胞DNA合成的刺激率分别为32%,29%和77%。山莨菪碱和蝙蝠葛碱在10^-7～10^-4mol/L范围内呈剂量依赖性地抑制白三烯和血小板活化因子的上述作用。     

Morphogenesis underlying the development of the everted teleost telencephalon

Background

In dorsal spinal neurons and monocytes, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)7 activates distinct transduction pathways, one leading to inductive specification and the other to axon orientation and chemotaxis. BMP7-evoked induction, also stimulated by the closely related BMP6, acts through a Smad cascade, leading to nuclear signaling, and is not BMPR subunit selective. Orientation is evoked by BMP7, but not by BMP6, through PI3K-dependent cytoskeletal activation mediated by the type II BMPRs, ActRIIA and BMPRII and is independent of the Smad cascade. The responses can be stimulated concurrently and suggest that BMP7, but not BMP6, can selectively activate BMPR subunits that engage the divergent paths. Although structural and biochemical analyses of selected BMP/BMPR interfaces have identified key regions of interaction, how these translate into function by related BMPs is poorly understood. To determine the mechanisms underlying the distinct activities of BMP7 and the disparate properties of BMP7 and BMP6 in spinal cord development, we have performed a family-wide structure/function analysis of BMPs and used the information to predict and test sites within BMPs that may control agonist properties, in particular the ability of a BMP to orient axons, through interactions with BMPRs.

Results

We demonstrate that whereas all BMPs can induce dorsal neurons, there is selectivity in the ability also to orient axons or evoke growth cone collapse. The degree to which a BMP orients is not predictable by overall protein similarity with other BMPs but comparison of sequences of potent and weakly orienting BMPs with that of the non-orienting BMP6 revealed three candidate positions within the BMPs at which the amino acid residues may confer or obstruct orienting ability. Residue swapping analysis has identified one residue, Gln ⁴⁸ in BMP6, that blocks axon orienting ability. Replacing Gln ⁴⁸ with any of the amino acids present at the equivalent residue position in the orienting subset of BMPs confers orienting activity on BMP6. Conversely, swapping Gln ⁴⁸ into BMP7 reduces orienting ability. The inductive capacity of the BMPs was unchanged by these residue swaps.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the presence of the Gln ⁴⁸ residue in BMP6 is structurally inhibitory for BMP/BMPR interactions that result in the activation of intracellular signaling, leading to axon orientation. Moreover, since residue 48 in BMP7 and the corresponding residue in BMP2 are important for type II BMPR binding, our results provide a basis for a mechanistic understanding of the diverse activities of BMPs in spinal cord development.     

Ia antigen is a differentiation marker on human eosinophils

Evidence suggests that the "la-like" or antigen is a differentiation marker that is expressed on early human hematopoietic precursor cells, but is absent on their mature progeny. The eosinophil precursor cell (CFU-EO) is distinct from the granulocyte-monocyte colon-forming cell (CFU-C). We provide data that indicate that the ia antigen is expressed on the human eosinophil colony-forming cells and is absent on mature eosinophils. All CFU-EO were inhibited in the presence of rabbit la antiserum at a titer of 1:30. Cytotoxicity was complement-dependent. The metamyelocytic eosinophil and more mature eosinophil forms did not express the la antigen.     

The role of amino-terminal residues of the heavy chain of factor IXa in the binding of its cofactor, factor VIIIa

The purpose of this study is to determine which residues of the factor IXa heavy chain are important for interaction with the cofactor of factor IXa, factor VIIIa. Because the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) FXC008 inhibits interaction between factors IXa and VIIIa, and because it also reacts with residues 181-310 of the factor IXa heavy chain, we used the computer-modelled structure of the factor IXa heavy chain to select charged surface residues likely to interact with FXC008 and/or factor VIIIa. We made mutations in the region of residues 181-310 of the heavy chain of factor IX, and replaced these amino acids individually with those located at the same position in factor X. The mutated factor IX retained complete clotting activity and thus interacted normally with factor VIIIa. Five mutant proteins (factor IXK214F, factor IXK228R, factor IXE240Q, factor IXK247V, and factor IXN260K) reacted with heavy chain-specific MoAbs FXC008 and A-5. Neither factor IXD276K nor factor IXR248H bound to FXC008. Factor IXR252V had reduced affinity to FXC008. Our results suggest the following: (1) factor IXa residues 214, 228, 240, 247, 248, 252, 260, and 276 are not involved in specific interaction with factor VIIIa; and (2) the FXC008 and factor VIIIa binding sites may not share critical residues.     

大连理工大学图书馆员的人格因素和职业现状分析

目的:通过对图书馆员的人格因素和职业现状分析,为图书馆的人力资源管理提供参数。方法:于2005-06/08纳入大连理工大学伯川图书馆馆员72人作为人格测试组,男7人,女65人;同时纳入2005-07前在职的全部馆员122人作为职业现状分析组,男26人,女96人。采用国际公认的卡特尔16种人格因素问卷,对人格测试组进行人格测试。问卷从16个相对独立的人格维度对人进行描绘,全套测试题共187题,每题设有a,b,c3种可供选择的答案。将测试结果输入心理测试软件系统,给出粗分和标准分,再运用软件进行数据的统计分析。对职业现状分析组的全体馆员进行了性别,年龄结构,男女馆员在各工作部门的分布,及馆员的学历构成,技术职称和领导职务的担任比例统计分析。观察人格测试组卡特尔16种人格因素问卷人格类型的次元因素和综合个性应用评价分数,并对全体馆员的自然状况列表进行统计分析,分析其职业现状。结果:发放卡特尔16种人格因素问卷72份,回收完整问卷46份,回收率63.9%,有效率100%。最终人格测试组46人进入结果分析,男5人,女41人。职业现状分析组122人,全部进入结果分析。①人格测试组聪慧性、幻想性、自律性均高于全国专业技术人员常模,差异有显著性意义(9.74±1.22;8.88±1.22;13.11±2.36,11.83±1.25;13.89±2.59,12.40±1.47;t=4.780,3.676,3.901,2.783,P<0.001～0.01)。被试馆员怀疑性和紧张性低于全国专业技术人员常模,差异有显著性意义(9.39±2.85,10.56±1.57;9.76±3.72,11.19±1.65;t=-2.783,-2.606,P<0.01,0.05)。②女性图书馆员占总人数的78.7%,男性图书馆员在年龄结构上处于年龄段的两端,在生理上处于成年早期(30.7%)和晚期(38.4%);女性馆员的年龄集中于30～50岁的年龄段(86.3%)。③男馆员在综合办公室、自动化部和技术服务部的人数分布方面占据优势地位(38.4%,11.5%,11.5%);而女性馆员集中于期刊咨询部、文献建设部、流通阅览部和回溯建库等信息服务咨询部门(24%,15.6%,40.6%,4.2%)。④男馆员在获得博士、双学士、学士学位,及本科、中专学历方面的人数比例大于女性馆员,而女性馆员在获得硕士学位及大专和较低学历方面所占的比例大于男性馆员。⑤男性馆员在高级技术职称和馆级领导高端决策层占优势,在初级和较低技术职称中占比例较大;女性馆员在中级技术职称中级领导层上占比例大于男性馆员。结论:图书馆员女性化,而男性馆员在知识结构、职称、高端决策层领导职务的担任和承担高技术性工作方面的整体水平优于女性馆员。更应着重分析女性图书馆员的生理、心理特点,人格因素和职业特征,进行人力资源的优化组合。