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数据来源:检索MEDLINE数据库从1970年1月至2003年10月出版的所有文献.并手工检索参考文献中的相关文献。纳入标准:以人为对象的临床试验或观察性研究,且以英语发表的文献。数据提取和合成:由3位作者分别提取数据,意见不同则由讨论解决。记录一系列指标:菌斑指数(PI)、牙石指数、牙龈指数(GI)、探诊出血指数(BOP)、牙周探诊深度(PPD)、临床附着丧失(CAL)、牙龈退缩、牙周指数和骨丧失指数。用血液中糖化血红蛋白百分浓度显示糖尿病控制与否。评估各牙周参数的整体差异,并应用固定效应模型或随机效应模型计算相应的95%CI。用Q检验进行同质性检验。用漏斗图检测发表偏倚。结果:18个横断面对照研究、3个前瞻性队列研究和2个临床试验的基线资料入选。 相似文献
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Krimer LS; Herman MM; Saunders RC; Boyd JC; Hyde TM; Carter JM; Kleinman JE; Weinberger DR 《Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)》1997,7(8):732-739
The entorhinal cortex (ERC) has been implicated in schizophrenia by a
number of studies. There is anatomical observation of neuronal heterotopias
in the rostral ERC, which is consistent with a hypothesis of
neurodevelopmental abnormalities in this disease. In view of the
significant cytoarchitectonic variation of the ERC throughout its
rostro-caudal extent, we performed a detailed subareal analysis of the
rostral two-thirds of the entorhinal cortex (ERCr) in 14 postmortem
schizophrenic brains and 14 matched controls (mean ages of 48 and 47
respectively). This systematic evaluation included both a qualitative
microscopic analysis of morphogenetic anomalies that would be consistent
with neurodevelopmental pathology and quantitative measurements of total
neuronal number, average neuronal density, laminar volume and laminar depth
from the cortical surface in cytoarchitectonically matched subareas of
schizophrenic and control brains. Parcellation of the entire ERC on the
basis of cytoarchitectonic criteria identified five distinct regions,
similar to those described in the macaque, except that in the human brain
three of the regions were further divisible into two or three subareas,
yielding nine distinct cellular compartments. Five rostral areas, prorhinal
(Pr), lateral (28L), intermediate rostral and caudal (281r and 281c), and
sulcal (28S), comprise the ERCr. Gross and microscopic examination of these
subdivisions throughout the ERCr failed to reveal laminar disorganization
in any of the schizophrenic brains. The brains also did not differ
significantly with respect to total neuronal number, total volume and
neuronal density per laminar and subareal subdivision, or laminar thickness
per entorhinal subarea. However, neuronal number and density were reduced
by 12-18% in Pr and 28L, suggesting that mild quantitative abnormalities
may exist in the ERCr and might possibly be revealed in a larger sample of
schizophrenic brains. We have failed to confirm previous reports of laminar
disorganization in the ERCr in brains of patients with schizophrenia; to
the extent that this region is implicated in schizophrenia, the structural
changes are likely to consist of more subtle cellular disturbances.
相似文献
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Prevention in practice: results of a 2-year follow-up of routine health promotion interventions in general practice 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
BACKGROUND.: The effectiveness of health promotion activity in general practiceon risk factor reduction for coronary heart disease remainsthe subject of active debate. OBJECTIVE.: The study aimed to assess the impact of practice-based healthcheck-ups on health behaviours over a 2-year period. METHOD.: A general practice cohort of 7123 patients from 18 practiceswas surveyed. Eight hundred and forty (12%) patients had beenoffered a heafth check within a 12-month period from September1992 and 621 (9%) received one. Two hundred and fifty patients(40%) were asked back for follow-up after their health check. RESULTS.: Over a 2-year period there was no difference in smoking cessation,alcohol consumption, weight loss nor the amount of exercisetaken between those who attended for a health check and thosewho did not. The food score chosen to assess dietary change(Oxcheck) showed a statistically significant 1.16-point risefor the whole sample over the survey period. There was a significantdifference in mean food score change between heafth check attendersand non-attenders (Mann-Whitney U test: P << 0.002). Maintenanceof dietary improvement over a 2-year period was not affectedby health check attendance. CONCLUSIONS.: This study confirms the low impact of health checks on the selfreported modification of cardiovascular risk factors and showsthat maintenance of appropriate health behaviour change is nomore likely in those who have received a health check. Keywords. Health promotion, general practice. 相似文献