Changes in the human vocal tract due to aging and the acoustic correlates of speech production: a pilot study.

This investigation used a derivation of acoustic reflection (AR) technology to make cross-sectional measurements of changes due to aging in the oral and pharyngeal lumina of male and female speakers. The purpose of the study was to establish preliminary normative data for such changes and to obtain acoustic measurements of changes due to aging in the formant frequencies of selected spoken vowels and their long-term average spectra (LTAS) analysis. Thirty-eight young men and women and 38 elderly men and women were involved in the study. The oral and pharyngeal lumina of the participants were measured with AR technology, and their formant frequencies were analyzed using the Kay Elemetrics Computerized Speech Lab. The findings have delineated specific and similar patterns of aging changes in human vocal tract configurations in speakers of both genders. Namely, the oral cavity length and volume of elderly speakers increased significantly compared to their young cohorts. The total vocal tract volume of elderly speakers also showed a significant increment, whereas the total vocal tract length of elderly speakers did not differ significantly from their young cohorts. Elderly speakers of both genders also showed similar patterns of acoustic changes of speech production, that is, consistent lowering of formant frequencies (especially F1) across selected vowel productions. Although new research models are still needed to succinctly account for the speech acoustic changes of the elderly, especially for their specific patterns of human vocal tract dimensional changes, this study has innovatively applied the noninvasive and cost-effective AR technology to monitor age-related human oral and pharyngeal lumina changes that have direct consequences for speech production.     

高效液相色谱法测定去氧氟尿苷含量及其有关物质

目的 用高效液相色谱法（HPLC法）测定去氧氟尿苷的含量及其有关物质。方法 采用Diamonsil C—粒（250mm×4．6mm，5μm），流动相为乙腈-水（1：1），检测波长为269nm，流速为0．8mL／min。结果 去氧氟尿苷质量浓度在10．0～200．4μg／mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好，r：0．9999（n：5），平均回收率为100．2％，RSD=0．14％。结论 HPLC法简便、准确，专属性好，灵敏度高，可用于去氧氟尿苷含量及有关物质的测定。     

肝炎肝硬化患者血清IL-10、IL-18水平的变化及意义

目的探讨血清IL10、IL18在肝炎肝硬化的发病机制中的作用。方法62例肝炎肝硬化患者根据childpugh分级法分为3组:childpughA级组19例、childpughB级组23例和childpughC级组20例。采用ELISA法检测3组患者和20例健康献血员血清IL10、IL18的水平。结果childpughA、B、C级组血清IL18水平均明显高于对照组(P均<0.01),childpughA级组血清IL10水平略高于对照组,但无显著性差异(P>0.05);childpughB、C级组明显低于对照组(P<0.05);有腹水组、无腹水组血清IL18水平均明显高于对照组(P均<0.01),有腹水组血清IL10水平明显低于无腹水组、对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);血清IL10水平与血清IL8水平呈负相关(r=-0.51,P<0.01);血清白蛋白水平与血清IL10水平呈正相关(r=0.566,P<0.01),与血清IL8水平呈负相关(r=-0.315,P<0.01);血清凝血酶原活动度与血清IL10水平呈正相关(r=0.506,P<0.01),与血清IL18水平呈负相关(r=-0.463,P<0.01);血清总胆红素水平与血清IL8水平呈正相关(r=0.677,P<0.01),与血清IL10水平呈负相关(r=-0.339,P<0.01)。结论IL10、IL18在肝炎肝硬化的发病机制中起一定的作用,其水平与肝损害程度密切相关。     

闭合型双循环生物人工肝支持系统治疗犬急性肝功能衰竭实验研究

目的探讨和评价闭合型双循环生物人工肝支持系统(CBC-BALSS)在治疗犬急性肝功能衰竭模型过程中的稳定性、安全性和有效性。方法建立犬急性肝功能衰竭模型(门腔分流联合胆总管离断),采用CBC-BALSS进行支持治疗。20只模型犬分为两组CBC-BALSS治疗组(n=11);无肝细胞CBC-BALSS对照组(n=9)。治疗时限6h。检测实验犬血氨、生化全套、凝血因子(FactorⅦ)、支/芳氨基酸(BCAA/AAA)、单乙基甘氨酸二甲苯胺(monoethylglycinexylidide,MEGX)和细胞循环路生化全套、肝细胞密度和数量。结果CBC-BALSS细胞回路细胞悬液总体积200ml,肝细胞的总数1×1010个、密度5×107/ml、活率98%左右。治疗中16只犬的生命体征平稳,在治疗30min内均出现一过性低血压;2只转流开始15min出现过敏反应;1只转流中因上消化道出血死亡;1只因穿刺部位出血死亡。模型治疗前血氨、ALT、TBil/DBil、白蛋白、FactorⅦ和BCAA/AAA分别达150mmol/L、400U/L、80/55mmol/L、35g/L、20%和1.6;CBC-BALSS治疗6h后,血氨、TBil/DBil下降均显著低于对照组;ALT存在下降趋势且在第6小时差异有统计学意义;白蛋白、FactorⅦ和BCAA/AAA在所有时段、组间差异均无统计学意义。在治疗1h和2h,MEGX差异有统计学意义,治疗组MEGX比对照组提前2h达最高点。治疗15~30min后,双循环路压力至115mmHg趋于平稳,且在±5mmHg波动。在治疗过程中,治疗组细胞循环路ALT显著性升高;组间细胞循环路TBil/DBil变化差异无统计学意义,而两组在各时间点均显著性升高;白蛋白变化无统计学意义。结论CBC-BALSS治疗犬急性肝功能衰竭过程中,安全、有效、稳定且代谢支持作用明显。     

大剂量免疫球蛋白治疗重型格林-巴利综合征疗效观察

目的:观察大剂量静脉滴注免疫球蛋白(HD-IVIG)治疗重型格林-巴利综合征(GBS)的疗效.方法:选择确诊为重型GBS的病例13例,于首次发病后2周内给予HD-IVIG治疗,剂量为0.4g*kg-1*d-1,连续5天为一疗程.治疗前后采用神经功能缺损评分法进行疗效评价.结果:13例GBS患者治疗前后神经功能缺损评分分别为4.23±0.44与2.54±1.45,治疗后比治疗前降低1.69±1.18,差异有显著性(P＜0.01),同时治疗前后有很高的相关性(P＜0.01).结论:HD-IVIG 治疗重型GBS疗效出现早,人工辅助通气时间短,可作为治疗重型GBS的首选方法.     

Expression of differential nitric oxide synthase isoforms in human gastric mucosa infected with Helicobacter pylori

Objective: To study the relationship between nitric oxide synthase ( NOS) expression in human gastric mu-cosa and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Methods: Gastric mucosa samples were obtained from antrum of 33 patients received gastroendoscopy. H. pylori infection was confirmed by Giems staining and bacteria culture under mi-croaerophilic conditions. Expression of iNOS, eNOS and nitrotyrosine were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: (1) The positive rate of H. pylori infection was 66. 7% (22/33) . (2) iNOS positive staining in inflammatory cells was detected in 77. 3% (17/22) of samples with H. pylori and 27. 3% (3/11) without H. pylori infection (P < 0.01). (3) eNOS expression in inflammatory cells was found in 77. 3% (17/22) of samples with H. pylori and 18.2% (2/11) without H. pylori infection ( P < 0. 01) . (4) Nitrotyrosine expression in inflammatory cells was observed in 59. 1% ( 13/22) of samples with H. pylori and 54.5%(6/11) without H. pylori infection (P>0.05). (5) Moderate a     

孕妇配偶的心理压力研究

目的描述孕妇配偶的压力水平 ,找出引起孕妇配偶压力的主要压力源。方法对 167例孕妇配偶用妊娠压力量表测量其压力水平及压力源。结果孕妇配偶的妊娠压力水平总分为 1.5 3 ,引起孕妇配偶压力的最主要的压力源是“为确保母子健康和安全而引发的压力 ( 1.88)”。结论护士的服务对象不应局限于孕妇 ,还应包括其配偶 ,根据孕妇配偶具体的压力源给予有针对性的护理 ,以利于有效地降低其压力水平。使孕妇配偶能顺利地度过角色转变期 ,在妊娠和分娩的应激下保持心身健康 ,更好地完成照顾孕妇和婴儿的任务。     

Atlas钛缆固定上颈椎的解剖与临床

目的: 观察寰椎后弓和枢椎椎板的形态学特征, 以更为安全、方便地开展颈后路寰枢椎Atlas钛缆固定术。方法: 观察 100套寰椎后弓和枢椎椎板的形态学特点并进行解剖学测量, 设计引导钛缆穿绕的特殊的器械, 并应用于 17例上颈椎损伤患者的手术操作。结果:(1) 寰椎后弓较纤弱, 横截面呈扇形, 内侧面从后上方向内下方倾斜; 枢椎椎板较粗大, 上窄下宽, 内侧面基本垂直, 内侧面下缘多形成一骨嵴; (2) 寰椎后弓的引导器要求头端折弯, 枢椎椎板引导器要求头端圆钝; (3) 17例患者手术操作均安全、顺利完成, 无脊髓损伤等并发症发生。结论: 根据寰椎后弓和枢椎椎板的形态学特征, 穿绕钛缆时宜自上向下操作; 采用专用的引导器使得颈后路寰枢椎Atlas钛缆固定术的操作更为安全、方便。     

An open add-on study on cyclophosphamide in patients with refractory myasthenic crisis

Objective: To assess the efficacy and side effects of cyclophosphamide on refractory myasthenic crisis. Methods: Five patients of myasthenic crisis refractory to usual comprehensive treatment, entered an open additional study with cyclophosphamide 200 mg VD q. d or 400 mg VD q. o. d with 6-10 g of total dosage. The patients were followed up for 1-8 years. Results: All the 5 patients were effectively treated with obvious remission in 3 and improvement in 2. Two patients have returned to partial work. The side effects were tolerable. Conclusion: The present clinical trial showed that cyclophosphamide was effective, particularly in a long term as an additional therapy for treating MG patients with refractory crisis of myasthenia gravis.     

自体髂骨修复胫骨外侧平台陈旧性骨折畸形愈合伴关节软骨塌陷

胫骨平台骨折是一种严重的高能量膝关节损伤,多因膝关节受到内翻或外翻暴力所致,常导致膝关节不稳定和关节面受损,处理不当,易造成关节疼痛、僵硬、不稳定或畸形等不良后果。胫骨平台陈旧性骨折畸形愈合伴关节软骨塌陷的治疗十分棘手。我院2002年1月～2005年1月应用自体髂骨修复7例胫骨外侧平台陈旧性骨折畸形愈合伴关节软骨塌陷的青壮年患者,报告如下。