Surgical emphysema: an unusual complication of punch biopsy

Punch biopsies are frequently used in the diagnosis of oral disease and are associated with few complications. We report a case of surgical emphysema following this procedure.     

支气管动脉栓塞术后并发症的预防及护理

0　引言　大咯血原因很多 .炎症、支气管扩张、肺癌、肺结核、肺动静脉瘘等 .但因支气管动脉畸形引起的大咯血尚未见专题报道 .现将我院 1992年 10月份以来行数字减影血管造影 (DSA )检查 ,确诊支气管动脉畸形行支气管动脉栓塞(BAE)治疗大咯血术后并发症的预防与护理报道如下 :1　临床资料　 6 (男 5 ,女 1)例大咯血患者 ,年龄 16～ 5 9岁 .均因无明显诱因 ,反复咯血而多次保守治疗 ,一次或 2 4h内咯血量为 40 0～ 10 0 0 m L ,病程最长 13a.入院后行 CT、纤维支气管镜、支气管碘油造影等栓查 ,均未见明显异常 ,后因保守治疗无效时行 D…     

Influence of Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists on Urethral Pressure, Bladder Pressure and Detrusor Hyperactivity in Children with Myelodysplasia

ABSTRACT. In children with myelodysplasia and a low lumbar or sacral level of spinal cord lesions detrusor hyperactivity with pressure fluctuations is an almost constant phenomenon contributing to incontinence. In thirteen children with this type of dysfunction the effect of adrenergic agonists and antagonists on bladder and urethral pressures were studied by means of intravesical and urethral pressure recordings during the normal bladder-filling phase. Intravenous infusion of noradrenaline during the bladder-filling phase slightly reduced detrusor hyperactivity and the urethral pressure was increased. Following i.m. injection of the alpha-adrenergic antagonist pheatolamine both the intravesical and proximal urethral pressures were reduced to about the same extent and the detrusor hyperactivity decreased. It is concluded that noradrenaline mainly changed urethral pressure while alpha-adrenergic blockade caused decreased tone in both the detrusor and the urethra as well as decreased detrusor hyperactivity.     

Progressive idiopathic cholestasis presenting with profuse watery diarrhoea and recurrent infections (Byler''s disease)

The second child of healthy unrelated parents presented with chronic diarrhoea since the age of two months, initially associated with non-characteristic liver involvement. Recurrent infections, severe failure to thrive and various metabolic deficiencies complicated the further course, as well as profuse watery diarrhoea with elevated regulatory gut peptides, responding only to somatostatin analog treatment. At 22 months of age, intermittent cholestasis with permanently normal serum gamma-glutamyltransferase was evident. The child died of fulminant purulent meningitis at the age of three years six months. Liver histology showed intrahepatic cholestasis, bile duct paucity with focal proliferation as well as slight portal and intralobular fibrosis. The clinical, biochemical and histopathological findings were indicative of Byler's disease.     

Cardiovascular effects of carbon dioxide in ventilated preterm infants

Sick preterm infants may, under certain conditions, demonstrate blood pressure passive cerebral blood flow in response to changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension. Blood pressure in turn depends on cardiac output and peripheral resistance. A Doppler technique for assessing cardiac output compared favourably in terms of reproducibility to a thermodilution technique in a group of infants undergoing cardiac catheterization for congenital heart disease. Doppler was subsequently used to monitor changes in cardiac output following an increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension of 1 kPa in 25 ventilated preterm infants. Blood pressure increased significantly (p = 0.006). However, heart rate did not change significantly (p = 0.16) and, in addition, both stroke and minute volume decreased (p = 0.023, p = 0.02, respectively). This suggests that accompanying changes in components of peripheral resistance exert important effects on blood pressure in the preterm neonate in response to changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension.     

What 'outliers' tell us about missed opportunities for tuberculosis control: a cross-sectional study of patients in Mumbai,India

Background  

India's Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) is deemed highly successful in terms of detection and cure rates. However, some patients experience delays in accessing diagnosis and treatment. Patients falling between the 96^th and 100^th percentiles for these access indicators are often ignored as atypical 'outliers' when assessing programme performance. They may, however, provide clues to understanding why some patients never reach the programme. This paper examines the underlying vulnerabilities of patients with extreme values for delays in accessing the RNTCP in Mumbai city, India.     

胃食管反流病食管测压的研究

胃食管反流病(GERD)是指酸性胃液或胃液及胆汁由胃反流入食管引起的疾病,是消化科常见病、多发病.有些研究提示,25%以上成年人受此病影响[1],而且多数人有正常内镜下表现[2].正常情况下,由于食管借助于横膈、His角、贲门口粘膜皱襞及LES作用,特别是后者来防止胃食管反流(GER).当上述作用减弱时,就可能发生胃食管反流病.虽然LES尚未在解剖学上得到证实,但食管压力检测证实了LES存在,随着该技术的完善发展及腔内pH监测技术的应用,为胃食管反流病的发病机制及疾病的诊断治疗提供了可靠的依据.目前应用较广泛的测压系统是灌注式导管测压系统,它由液压灌注系统,压力导管,换能器及用于记录分析的计算机及相应软件所构成.另一种为内置微型传感器的测压导管及记录仪组成,可用于24 h动态监测.另外还有与以上两种测压系统配合应用的袖套导管及环行袖套式固态测压导管,适用于对食管括约肌进行压力测定.测压方法主要有静态测压,采用定点牵拉或快速牵拉法,另一种为动态测压,可对近于自然状态下的食管动力进行长时间连续监测.