Correction to: Incidence and characteristics of methicillin‑resistant coagulase‑negative Staphylococcus in peritoneal dialysis‑associated peritonitis in a single center using molecular methods

International Urology and Nephrology - In the original publication, article title was incorrectly published.     

Aggressive Intraosseous Myofibroma of the Maxilla: Report of a Rare Case and Literature Review

Myofibroma (MF) is a benign mesenchymal myofibroblast-derived tumor, which occurs most frequently in children, and rarely affects the maxilla. We reported a case of an aggressive intraosseous lesion found in the maxilla of a 9-year-old female child. Intraorally, the swelling extended from tooth 12 to 16, causing displacement of teeth 13, 14, and 15. Computed tomography revealed a large osteolytic lesion causing thinning and cortical erosion. Microscopically, the lesion showed a proliferation of spindle-shaped cells, with elongated nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm, arranged in interlaced fascicles. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed cytoplasmic positivity for α-SMA and HHF-35, and negativity for desmin, laminin, S-100, β-catenin, and CD34. Ki-67 was positive in 8% of tumor cells. The diagnosis was MF. Herein, we describe an additional case of central MF arising in the maxilla, including clinical, imaging, microscopical, and immunohistochemical features, as well as a review of the literature.     

Pseudoangiosarcomatous squamous cell carcinoma: first case report on penis

Pseudoangiosarcomatous squamous cell carcinoma, also called pseudovascular, pseudoangiomatoid or adenoid pseudovascular carcinoma, is an uncommon and highly aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Histologically, it is characterized by proliferation of atypical keratinocytes with acantholysis and formation of pseudovascular spaces, forming anastomosed channels lined with neoplastic cells that invade the dermis. These cells are positive for cytokeratin and negative for vascular markers such as CD31 and CD34. There are few reports of this variant in the literature. Skin, breast, lung and vulva involvement have been described, but to the best of our knowledge, no cases involving the penis has been described. This study aims to describe the first case of angiosarcomatous squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. The patient presented with a painful lesion in the penis associated with urinary retention. Macroscopic findings exhibited an ulcerative vegetating lesion that involving the entire glans and part of the penile body, as well as infiltration of penile structures and scrotal skin. Microscopy shows atypical proliferation of sarcomatous keratinocyte pattern mimicking vascular spaces. Human papilloma virus (HPV) biomarkers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were all negative. Advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma with aggressive lymph node metastasis. This report presents the first case of penile pseudoangiosarcomatous squamous cell carcinoma, as an important differential diagnosis.     

Traumatic rectal injuries

The authors review the cases of traumatic rectal injuries admitted to the Emergency Service of the "Hospital das Clínicas", University of S?o Paulo Medical School, during the period of July 1981 to July 1988. Forty-five patients (62.5%) had their injuries due to gunshot, 14 (19.4%) due to foreign bodies on the rectum, 10 (13.8%) due to blunt trauma and 3 (4.1%) due to stab wounds. The intraperitoneal rectum was injured in 32 patients (44.4%) and extraperitoneal portion of the rectum in 40 patients (55.5%). On the intraperitoneal injuries the management adopted were simple suture (14 patients), associated with a colostomy (17 patients) and in one patient the Hartmann procedure was adopted. On the extraperitoneal wounds the management adopted were rectal repair (when feasible), colostomy, distal washout and drainage. The complications rate was 27.8%, and from them, the majority (70%) were related to infectious nature. Seven patients died (9.7%), four of them as a consequence of sepsis. The morbidity and mortality of the rectal injuries were closed related to infectious complications as a consequence of late diagnosis. For this reason, the authors consider that all efforts should be employed to establish the prompt diagnosis.     

癌基因c-erbB-2在膀胱移行细胞癌中的扩增

0　引言　为探讨癌基因 c- erb B- 2的扩增与膀胱移行细胞癌(TCC)的关系 ,我们以斑点杂交的方法对 40例膀胱 TCC标本中 c- erb B- 2的扩增情况进行了检测 ,以期明确 c- erb B- 2扩增与膀胱 TCC病理分级及患者预后的关系 .1　材料和方法　 40例膀胱 TCC患者术后石蜡包埋标本 ,随访 5～ 10 a. 11例正常膀胱粘膜石蜡标本作为对照 . c- erb B-c DNA p CER2 0 4质粒由东京大学提供 ,Bothringer缺口平移 DNA标记试剂盒及 32 P标记 d CTP购于北京福瑞公司 .所有石蜡标本经脱蜡及蛋白酶消化 ,以酚 /氯仿抽提 DNA,乙醇沉淀 .每份样品取…     

Legionella micdadei prosthetic valve endocarditis

Summary Legionella usually causes pneumonia, but occasionally is in the differential diagnosis of culture negative endocarditis which sometimes involves prosthetic heart valves.Legionella prosthetic valve endocarditis is nearly always due toLegionella pneumophila and its clinical presentation is indistinguishable from other causes of prosthetic valve endocarditis. Diagnosis ofLegionella prosthetic valve endocarditis is by recovery of the organism from the blood, demonstration or isolation of the organism from the prosthetic heart valve, or by persistently highLegionella titers which are extremely elevated in prosthetic valve endocarditis compared toLegionella pneumonia. We believe this is the first case reported of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused byLegionella micdadei, and the first case ofLegionella prosthetic valve endocarditis with microscopic hematuria.

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Klappenprothesenendokarditis durchLegionella micdadei

Zusammenfassung Gelegentlich muß der PneumonieerregerLegionella in der Differentialdiagnose der kulturnegativen Endokarditis berücksichtigt werden, die manchmal auch Klappenprothesen befällt. Die Klappenprothesenendokarditis wird bei Legionellenätiologie fast ausschließlich durchLegionella pneumophila verursacht; in ihrem klinischen Erscheinungsbild ist sie von Klappenprothesenendokarditiden anderer Genese nicht zu unterscheiden. Die Diagnose wird durch Erregernachweis im But, in der entfernten Klappe oder durch sehr hoheLegionella-Titer nachgewiesen, die im Vergleich zur Legionellenpneumonie extrem stark erhöht sind. Wir gehen davon aus, daß unsere Fallmitteilung die erste Publikation einer Klappenprothesenendokarditis durchLegionella micdadei und der erste Fall mit Mikrohämaturie ist.

     

The selection and use of cephalosporins: a review

Cephalosporins are among the most frequently prescribed antibiotics as a result of their broad spectrum of microbiologic activity, favorable pharmacokinetics, low incidence of adverse reactions, and proven clinical efficacy for a wide variety of infections. Cephalosporins differ in their gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic spectra, serum half-lives, penetration of the cerebrospinal fluid, and resistance to beta-lactamases. The first-generation and some second-generation agents maintain excellent activity against streptococci and staphylococci, while the third-generation agents have expanded gram-negative coverage. Two third-generation cephalosporins, ceftazidime and cefoperazone, are active against Pseudomonas. Ceftizoxime has become the workhorse third-generation cephalosporin. The fourth-generation agent cefepime provides excellent activity against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. A major dilemma facing the practitioner is how to select the "right" cephalosporin for a particular patient, as no one drug will satisfy all clinical needs. This review describes a practical approach to selecting an appropriate cephalosporin for common infectious disease problems.     

Characterization and prediction of IVF cycles generating “slow-cleaving” embryos

Purpose To characterize and predict cycles generating slowcleaving embryos in in vitro fertilization, 86 cycles were retrospectively divided into two groups (slow, n=41, and fast, n=45 according to whether the number of blastomeres per embryo on day 3 was or > than the mean of the distribution, respectively.Results Cycles generating slowcleaving embryos were treated with luteinizing hormonereleasing hormone agonist before ovarian stimulation for a shorter period (12.1±0.5 versus 15.6±1.1 days; P0.01) and had higher immaturity grade of oocyte-corona-cumulus complexes which resulted in embryos (1.6±0.1 vs 1.3±0.1; P0.05) when compared to cycles producing fastcleaving embryos. Both variables entered in a logistic regression model applied in order to predict the probability of a cycle generating slowcleaving embryos (goodness-of-fit chisquare=180.0, degrees of freedom (df)=80, P=0.4786. This model predicted correctly 86.7% (13 of 15) of cycles generating slowcleaving embryos and 83.3% (10 of 12) of cycles producing fastcleaving embryos when the estimated probability of a cycle producing slowcleaving embryos was 0.7 or 0.3, respectively.Conclusion Shorter treatment with hormone-releasing hormone agonist before ovarian stimulation and higher immaturity grade of oocyte-corona-cumulus complexes which result in embryos are predictive characteristics of in vitro fertilization cycles generating slow-cleaving embryos.     

Facilitation by arachidonic acid of acetylcholine release from the rat hippocampus

We investigated the effect of arachidonic acid (AA) on the release of [3H]acetylcholine ([3H]ACh) from the rat hippocampus. AA (3-30 microM) increased the basal tritium outflow and the field-electrically evoked release of [3H]ACh from hippocampal slices in a concentration-dependent manner. AA (30 microM) produced a 69+/-7% facilitation of the evoked and a 36+/-3% facilitation of basal tritium outflow. The effect of AA (30 microM) on the evoked tritium release was prevented by bovine serum albumin (BSA, 1%), which quenches AA, and was unaffected by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (100 microM), and the lipooxygenase inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (50 microM). Phospholipase A2 (PLA2, 2 U/ml), an enzyme that releases AA from the sn-2 position of phospholipids, mimicked the facilitatory effect of AA on the evoked tritium release (86+/-14% facilitation), an effect prevented by BSA (1%). The PLA2 activator, melittin (1 microM), enhanced the evoked tritium release by 98+/-11%, an effect prevented by the PLA2 inhibitor, arachidonyl trifluromethylketone (AACOCF3, 20 microM), and by BSA (1%). AA (30 microM), but not arachidic acid (30 microM), also facilitated (72+/-9%) the veratridine (10 microM)-evoked [3H]ACh release from superfused hippocampal synaptosomes, whereas PLA2 (2 U/ml) and melittin (1 microM) caused a lower facilitation (46+/-1% and 38+/-5%, respectively). The present results show that both exogenously added and endogenously produced AA increase the evoked release of [3H]ACh from rat hippocampal nerve terminals. Since muscarinic activation triggers AA production and we now observed that AA enhances ACh release, it is proposed that AA may act as a facilitatory retrograde messenger in hippocampal cholinergic muscarinic transmission as it has been proposed to act in glutamatergic transmission.