清肺化痰胶囊对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠气道上皮水通道蛋白-5表达的实验研究

[目的]通过用清肺化痰胶囊治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）大鼠探讨其对大鼠气道上皮水通道蛋白-5（AQP-5）表达的影响进而探讨中药治疗COPD的作用机制。[方法]36只雄性Wistar成年大鼠随机分为模型组、空白组、清肺化痰组、氨溴索组、痰热清组、红霉素组。造模并干预后,免疫组化及图像分析法观察并测定各组AQP-5水平,酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA法）测定各组肺组织匀浆中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶（NE）水平。[结果]肺细支气管上皮细胞AQP-5蛋白面积百分比、积分光密度、肺组织匀浆NE水平模型组明显低于清肺化痰组、沐舒坦组、红霉素组、痰热清组和空白组（P〈0．05）;清肺化痰组与空白组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。[结论]清肺化痰胶囊能降低NE的含量,调节AQP-5的表达,调节黏蛋白分泌,从而改善黏液高分泌状态,起到缓解COPD临床症状、促进排痰、提高生活质量的目的。     

戊四氮(PTZ)致痫大鼠脑组织HO-1、cAMP、cGMP及血清中NSE的变化及灵芝孢子粉干预

目的观察灵芝孢子粉对戊四氮(PTZ)致痫大鼠脑组织HO-1、cAMP、cGMP和血液中NSE含量变化的影响,探讨癫痫的发病机制及灵芝孢子粉的干预作用。方法 10周龄Wistar雄性大鼠30只,体质量(200±20)g,随机分成3组,分别是灵芝孢子粉组11只、癫痫模型组11只和空白对照组8只。灵芝孢子粉组和癫痫模型组用亚惊厥剂量(35 mg/kg)戊四氮(PTZ)腹腔注射,1次/d,连续28 d,大鼠连续5次出现2级以上惊厥确定为到达点燃标准,空白对照组用同体积生理盐水腹腔注射,同时灵芝孢子粉组经灌胃给予灵芝孢子粉(150 mg/kg,灌胃前禁食6 h);癫痫模型组和空白对照组经灌胃给予同等体积的生理盐水。实验结束后断头取血,在低温条件下迅速取出大脑,测定各相关指标的变化。结果实验性癫痫大鼠模型制作成功,灵芝孢子粉组和癫痫组实验动物全部达到点燃标准。高倍视野(100×)下,癫痫模型组海马和皮质区HO-1阳性细胞数明显较空白对照组增多(P<0.01),灵芝孢子粉组HO-1阳性细胞数低于癫痫模型组(P<0.05)。癫痫模型组cAMP、cGMP含量较正常对照组均有明显增加(P<0.01),同时cAMP/cGMP比值减小(P<0.01);与对照组比较,灵芝孢子粉治疗组cAMP含量增加(P<0.01),而cGMP含量较癫痫模型组明显降低(P<0.01),同时cAMP/cGMP比值亦增加,与癫痫模型组比较差异就有显著性(P<0.01)。血液中NSE的含量癫痫模型组与空白对照组相比增多(P<0.01),而与癫痫模型组比较,灵芝孢子粉治疗组血液中NSE的含量下降(P<0.05)。结论灵芝孢子粉可以降低癫痫时脑组织HO-1的含量,调节cAMP/cGMP比值减轻神经系统的异常放电,减轻过量的HO-1对神经元的损伤作用,降低血液中NSE的含量。     

An observational study of sun and heat protection during Canada Day outdoor celebration, 2003

Attendance at summer outdoor mass gatherings may lead to heat- and sun-related illness. The purposes of this study were: (1) to estimate the proportion of people in attendance at the 2003 Canada Day celebration in the National Capital Region who used sun and heat protective items; (2) to identify factors associated with the utilization of these protective items; and (3) to provide research data to public outdoor event organizers when developing evidence-based plans for safer events. A naturalistic observational cross-sectional method was used to gather information at the 2003 Canada Day celebration in the National Capital Region on attendees' demographics, the sun and heat protective items they used and the protective resources available at the event sites. Of the 398 observed attendees, the proportion using any one of the protective items ranged from 3 percent (an open umbrella) to 51.5 percent (sunglasses). Females were more likely to use protective items more than males, and adults more likely than children. Planners of public outdoor events should consider the factors that influence the utilization of sun and heat protective behaviours and the environmental modifications that would allow participants to make safe choices.     

Developing Signs of Safety: A Deaf-accessible counselling toolkit for trauma and addiction

The U.S. Deaf community—more than half a million Americans who communicate using American Sign Language (ASL)—experiences higher rates of trauma exposure and substance use disorder (SUD) than the general population. Yet there are no evidence-based treatments for any behavioural health condition that have been evaluated for use with Deaf people. The driving aim of our work, therefore, has been to develop and formally evaluate a Deaf-accessible trauma/SUD counselling approach. Here we describe our initial intervention development work and a single-arm pilot that evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary clinical efficacy of Signs of Safety—a Deaf-accessible toolkit to be used with an existing, widely adopted protocol for trauma and addiction (Seeking Safety). Preliminary efficacy results indicated clinically significant reductions in PTSD symptoms and frequency of alcohol use for the Seeking Safety/Signs of Safety model. Frequency of drug use did not change significantly—likely attributable to the mid-study legalization of recreational marijuana in our state. Next steps include the redesign and refilming of Signs of Safety based on pilot participant feedback, again using a Deaf-engaged development and production process. This new toolkit will be tested via a pilot randomized controlled trial designed based on present methodological lessons learned.     

Pseudomalignancies of the head and neck

Pseudomalignancies are benign or reactive lesions that mimic malignant neoplasms either clinically or histologically. In the head and neck region there are a number of pseudomalignancies that may present to a histopathologist, including soft tissue lesions, benign odontogenic tumours and salivary gland pathology. In this review we discuss common pseudomalignant lesions that may present in the head and neck, including their clinical presentation, histopathological features and differential diagnosis.     

无托槽隐形矫治器与固定矫治器在拔除四颗第一前磨牙矫治拥挤中的应用与临床分析

目的:通过采用无托槽隐形矫治器与固定矫治器拔除4颗第一前磨牙的临床分析,探讨无托槽隐形矫治技术的具体优势。方法:选取2010年6月-2014年6月在我院拔除4颗第一前磨牙矫治拥挤的患者90例,随机均分为对照组和观察组,其中对照组采用固定矫治器进行治疗,观察组采用无托槽隐形矫治器进行治疗,对比两组患者的治疗效果。结果:90例患者均实现了牙齿排列的整齐并有效关闭了拔牙的间隙。观察组在疗程评估的有效率方面略高于参照组,但是两组并没有显著的差异。而在美观满意度、舒适满意度和便捷满意度3个指标上,观察组的满意度明显高于参照组,存在着显著的差别。结论:固定矫治器和无托槽隐形矫治器对于拔除4颗第一前磨牙矫治拥挤均能形成显著的疗效,但是无托槽隐形矫治器不但美观大方,还能够大大降低医生的劳动强度,所以在拔除4颗第一前磨牙矫治拥挤方面,无托槽隐形矫治器相对于固定矫治器具有较大的优势。