Physical Activity and Health Outcomes Among HIV-Infected Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Longitudinal Mediational Analysis

Background

Low physical activity is associated with depression, which may, in turn, negatively impact antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among HIV-infected individuals; however, prior studies have not investigated the relationships between physical inactivity and ART non-adherence.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the association of physical inactivity, depression, ART non-adherence, and viral load in HIV-infected men who have sex with men.

Methods

The sample (N?=?860) was from a large, multicenter cohort of HIV-infected patients engaged in clinical care.

Results

Across time, depression mediated the relationship between physical inactivity and ART non-adherence (γ?=?0.075) and the relationship between physical inactivity and viral load (γ?=?0.05). ART non-adherence mediated the relationship between depression and viral load (γ?=?0.002) and the relationship between physical inactivity and viral load (γ?=?0.009).

Conclusions

Low levels of physical activity predicted increased depression and poor ART adherence over time, which subsequently predicted higher viral load.     

Paternal age and birth defects: how strong is the association

Sir, Yang et al. (2006) examined the association of paternal ageand birth defects, one of which was Down syndrome,     

High-dose-rate remote afterloaders for intraoperative radiation therapy

INTRAOPERATIVE RADIATION THERAPY (IORT) is a treatment option that directly irradiates a surgically exposed tumor or tumor bed while preventing radiation exposure of normal tissues.THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES the high-dose-rate intraoperative radiation therapy (HDR-IORT) technique by reviewing the roles of IORT team members, discussing needed equipment and supplies, describing quality assurance processes, explaining the HDR-IORT treatment delivery procedure, and reviewing the post-treatment phase. AORN J 86 (November 2007) 827-836.     

中医不同治法诱导肌源性干细胞向成骨细胞诱导分化中SDF-1蛋白表达的比较研究

目的 探究在中医补肾、健脾、补肾健脾的不同方法下,人骨形态发生蛋白2（BMP-2）诱导大鼠肌源性干细胞（MDSCs）成骨分化的过程中基质细胞衍生因子1（SDF-1）蛋白含量变化。方法 购置体外分离培养大鼠肌源性干细胞(MDSCs)。用随机数字表法将60只SPF级SD大鼠分为6组,依次为正常组、诱导液组、诱导液+补肾阴组（左归丸组）、诱导液+补肾阳组（右归丸组）、诱导液+健脾组（补中益气汤组）、诱导液+补肾健脾组。对大鼠进行7 d灌胃,大鼠胃容积为 1 mL /100 g,以此为大鼠配药及灌胃,制备含药血清。通过茜素红染色观察其细胞形态,使用qRT-PCR法、ELISA检测上述各组细胞中SDF-1mRNA及蛋白表达。结果 ①qRT-PCR检测结果显示：与正常组相比,诱导组、补肾阴组、补肾阳组、健脾组、补肾健脾组显著升高;与诱导组比较,除健脾组外,其余各组组中SDF-1均显著升高,且具有统计学意义(P<0.05);②ELISA检测结果表明：与正常组相比,诱导组、补肾阴组、补肾阳组、健脾组、补肾健脾组中SDF-1mRNA相对表达量均高于正常组,除补肾阴组与补肾健脾组外均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与诱导组相比,除补肾健脾组外,补肾阴组、补肾阳组、健脾组均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 ①大鼠肌源性干细胞(MDSCs)向成骨细胞的转化与SDF-1的水平升高有关;②补肾阴、补肾阳、健脾和补肾健脾法大鼠肌源性干细胞(MDSCs)向成骨细胞诱导分化的过程中存在正向促进作用,可能是通过提高SDF-1水平来促进成骨细胞的转化。     

经肛减压导管置入处理结直肠癌并急性梗阻的临床观察

目的 探讨内镜辅助下经肛门置入减压导管在低位结直肠癌并急性肠梗阻中的应用及疗效观察。方法 13例急性结直肠癌性梗阻患者在结肠镜辅助下,经肛门置入肠梗阻减压导,灌洗、引流等保守治疗7~10天后行一期根治手术。结果 13例患者均成功置入减压导管;术后患者腹痛、腹胀明显缓解,腹胀呕吐症状消失;置管后第3天,腹围由92.7±5.7 cm减小到81.2±4.8 cm;腹腔内压力由21.00±1.5 cmH₂O减至12.2±0.8 cmH₂O;减压导管引流量从782.3±72.1 mL下降至33.8±15.3 mL;梗阻近端肠管最大横径由5.4±0.6 cm缩小至2±0.3 cm（均P<0.001）。所有患者均接受一期结肠癌根治手术,术后未发生吻合口漏、伤口、腹腔感染等并发症。结论 对于低位结直肠癌伴发急性肠梗阻,经肛门置管减压不仅可显著缓解梗阻症状同时有利于改善患者全身状况并进行充分的术前准备,为一期根治性手术赢得时机;具有有效、安全、经济、创伤小等优势。     

结核感染T细胞斑点试验在脊柱结核诊断中的应用

目的：探讨结核感染T细胞斑点试验在脊柱结核诊断中的临床应用价值。方法选取2012年4月～2013年1月本院骨科病区收治的疑似脊柱结核患者156例,分别采用结核感染T细胞斑点试验和结核菌素试验进行诊断,比较两者对脊柱结核诊断的临床意义（包括灵敏性、特异性、假阳性率和假阴性率指标的差别）。结果结核感染T细胞斑点试验的灵敏性和特异性明显高于结核菌素试验（P＜0．05）;同时,结核感染T细胞斑点试验的假阳性率和假阴性率明显低于结核菌素试验试验（P＜0．05）。结论结核感染T细胞斑点试验在诊断脊柱结核中具有良好的敏感性和特异性,具有重要临床应用价值。