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101.
CD4 T-cell help is required for optimal memory CD8 T-cell responses. We have found that engaging preexisting CD4 Th1, but not Th2, memory cells at the time of CD8 T-cell priming results in increased CD8 effector responses to both bacterial and viral pathogens. The enhanced responses are characterized by increased numbers of cytokine-producing, antigen-specific cells. These findings suggest that engaging endogenous memory Th1 cells may increase cellular responses in an immunotherapy or vaccination setting. 相似文献
102.
Santosa CM Strong CM Nowakowska C Wang PW Rennicke CM Ketter TA 《Journal of affective disorders》2007,100(1-3):31-39
OBJECTIVE: Associations between eminent creativity and bipolar disorders have been reported, but there are few data relating non-eminent creativity to bipolar disorders in clinical samples. We assessed non-eminent creativity in euthymic bipolar (BP) and unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, creative discipline controls (CC), and healthy controls (HC). METHODS: 49 BP, 25 MDD, 32 CC, and 47 HC (all euthymic) completed four creativity measures yielding six parameters: the Barron-Welsh Art Scale (BWAS-Total, and two subscales, BWAS-Dislike and BWAS-Like), the Adjective Check List Creative Personality Scale (ACL-CPS), and the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking--Figural (TTCT-F) and Verbal (TTCT-V) versions. Mean scores on these instruments were compared across groups. RESULTS: BP and CC (but not MDD) compared to HC scored significantly higher on BWAS-Total (45% and 48% higher, respectively) and BWAS-Dislike (90% and 88% higher, respectively), but not on BWAS-Like. CC compared to MDD scored significantly higher (12% higher) on TTCT-F. For all other comparisons, creativity scores did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS: We found BP and CC (but not MDD) had similarly enhanced creativity on the BWAS-Total (driven by an increase on the BWAS-Dislike) compared to HC. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms of enhanced creativity and how it relates to clinical (e.g. temperament, mood, and medication status) and preclinical (e.g. visual and affective processing substrates) parameters. 相似文献
103.
Coating surfaces of implanted devices with anticoagulants can reduce thrombosis and studies using a recombinant form of endogenous
tissue factor pathway inhibitor (rTFPI) are promising. The anticoagulant function of immobilized rTFPI is thought to occur
primarily by its inhibition of plasma clotting factor Xa (FXa); however the kinetics of this reaction at a surface are as
yet unknown. To better understand the surface inhibition reaction under flow conditions, a theoretical model was developed
delineating the roles of mass transport and reaction kinetics for an in vitro parallel plate device used in prior experimental studies [Hall et al., J. Biomech. Eng. 120:484–490, 1998]. As a first approximation, the kinetics of inhibition of FXa by rTFPI reported for static, homogeneous
systems was considered. The unsteady convection–diffusion equation was solved for different wall-shear rates and inlet concentrations
of FXa using the computational fluid dynamics software CFD-ACE (ESI Software Group). The results show that the heterogeneous
inhibition reaction is diffusion controlled prior to saturation of the rTFPI. The experimental results compare favorably with
the model at the lower shear rates (100–400 s−1). At higher shear rates (>400 s−1) the theoretical results follow the same trend as the experimental results but show a greater inhibition of FXa, implying
an effect of flow or shear on the inhibition reaction. 相似文献
104.
Taylor RM Maaty WS Lord CI Hamilton T Burritt JB Bothner B Jesaitis AJ 《Molecular immunology》2007,44(4):625-637
The integral membrane protein flavocytochrome b (Cyt b) is the catalytic core of the NADPH oxidase complex, a multicomponent enzyme system that initiates a cascade of reactive oxygen species that play a critical role in innate immunity and vascular physiology. Epitope-mapped, monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that recognize the large (gp91phox) and small (p22phox) subunits of Cyt b provide valuable reagents that have been used to examine structural and mechanistic aspects of oxidase function. In the present study, the heavy and light chain variable region genes of the Cyt b-specific mAbs 44.1, NS5, and NL7 have been amplified by RT-PCR, cloned and subject to DNA sequence analysis. Since the 5' degenerate primer sets used for mAb gene amplification were observed to introduce extensive heterogeneity into the heavy and light chain FR1 regions, N-terminal protein sequence analysis was also conducted to obtain the correct amino acid sequence of this region. In order to confirm the identity of the cloned genes, intact mAbs were resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis and subject to in-gel tryptic digestion for analysis by both MALDI and nanospray LC-MS/MS. Databases searches using the derived mAb sequences predicted residues comprising CDR loops, identified candidate germline genes, and showed the respective germline genes to accurately predict the N-terminal amino acid residues for each variable region. The above studies report the amino acid sequence of Cyt b-specific mAb variable region genes with high confidence and provide essential information for future efforts at Cyt b structure analysis by resonance energy transfer and X-ray crystallography. 相似文献
105.
Paul Melstrom Connie Sosnoff Bartosz Koszowski Brian A. King Rebecca Bunnell Grace Le Lanqing Wang Meridith Hill Thanner Brandon Kenemer Shanna Cox B. Rey DeCastro Tim McAfee 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2018,221(5):816-822
Evidence suggests exposure of nicotine-containing e-cigarette aerosol to nonusers leads to systemic absorption of nicotine. However, no studies have examined acute secondhand exposures that occur in public settings. Here, we measured the serum, saliva and urine of nonusers pre- and post-exposure to nicotine via e-cigarette aerosol. Secondarily, we recorded factors affecting the exposure.Six nonusers of nicotine-containing products were exposed to secondhand aerosol from ad libitum e-cigarette use by three e-cigarette users for 2?h during two separate sessions (disposables, tank-style). Pre-exposure (baseline) and post-exposure peak levels (Cmax) of cotinine were measured in nonusers’ serum, saliva, and urine over a 6-hour follow-up, plus a saliva sample the following morning. We also measured solution consumption, nicotine concentration, and pH, along with use behavior.Baseline cotinine levels were higher than typical for the US population (median serum session one?=?0.089?ng/ml; session two?=?0.052?ng/ml). Systemic absorption of nicotine occurred in nonusers with baselines indicative of no/low tobacco exposure, but not in nonusers with elevated baselines. Median changes in cotinine for disposable exposure were 0.007?ng/ml serum, 0.033?ng/ml saliva, and 0.316?ng/mg creatinine in urine. For tank-style exposure they were 0.041?ng/ml serum, 0.060?ng/ml saliva, and 0.948?ng/mg creatinine in urine. Finally, we measured substantial differences in solution nicotine concentrations, pH, use behavior and consumption.Our data show that although exposures may vary considerably, nonusers can systemically absorb nicotine following acute exposure to secondhand e-cigarette aerosol. This can particularly affect sensitive subpopulations, such as children and women of reproductive age. 相似文献
106.
107.
Valdano Manuel MD Leonardo A. Miana MD PhD Gustavo P. Guerreiro MD Davi F. Tenório MD Aida Turquetto RRT PhD Juliano G. Penha MD Maria R. Massoti MD Carla Tanamati MD PhD António P. F. Junior MD Luiz F. Caneo MD PhD Fábio B. Jatene MD PhD Marcelo B. Jatene MD PhD 《Journal of cardiac surgery》2020,35(2):328-334
108.
Samuel M. Goldman MD MPH Freya Kamel PhD G. Webster Ross MD Sarah A. Jewell MD MPH Connie Marras MD PhD Jane A. Hoppin ScD David M. Umbach PhD Grace S. Bhudhikanok PhD Cheryl Meng MS Monica Korell MPH Kathleen Comyns MPH Robert A. Hauser MD Joseph Jankovic MD Stewart A. Factor DO Susan Bressman MD Kelly E. Lyons PhD Dale P. Sandler PhD J. William Langston MD Caroline M. Tanner MD PhD 《Movement disorders》2014,29(9):1171-1180
Increased gut permeability, inflammation, and colonic α‐synuclein pathology are present in early Parkinson's disease (PD) and have been proposed to contribute to PD pathogenesis. Peptidoglycan is a structural component of the bacterial cell wall. Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) maintain healthy gut microbial flora by regulating the immune response to both commensal and harmful bacteria. We tested the hypothesis that variants in genes that encode PGRPs are associated with PD risk. Participants in two independent case‐control studies were genotyped for 30 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the four PGLYRP genes. Using logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for potential confounding variables, we conducted analyses in each study, separately and pooled. One SNP failed the assay, and three had little to no variation. The ORs were similar in both study populations. In pooled analyses, three of seven PGLYRP2 SNPs (rs3813135, rs733731, rs892145), one of five PGLYRP3 SNPs (rs2987763), and six of nine PGLYRP4 SNPs (rs10888557, rs12063091, rs3006440, rs3006448, rs3006458, and rs3014864) were significantly associated with PD risk. Association was strongest for PGLYRP4 5'untranslated region (UTR) SNP rs10888557 (GG reference, CG OR 0.6 [95%CI 0.4‐0.9], CC OR 0.15 [95%CI 0.04‐0.6]; log‐additive P‐trend, 0.0004). Common variants in PGLYRP genes are associated with PD risk in two independent studies. These results require replication, but they are consistent with hypotheses of a causative role for the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal immune response in PD. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society 相似文献
109.
Ava Kwong BSc MBBS PhD FRCS Wai Wang Chau BSc MSc Oscar W. K. Mang MSc CStat Connie H. N. Wong MSc BSc Dacita T. K. Suen MBBS R. Leung MBCHB MRCP Kerry Wong BSc MBiostats Andrea Lee Catherine Shea MBBS Elliot Morse Stephen C. K. Law MBBS FRCR 《Annals of surgical oncology》2014,21(4):1246-1253