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991.
Maria Carollo Raffaella Palazzo Manuela Bianco Elisabetta Pandolfi Paola Chionne Giorgio Fedele Alberto Eugenio Tozzi Rita Carsetti Luisa Romanò Clara Maria Ausiello 《Vaccine》2013
In 2005, in accordance with recommendations made by the European Medicines Agency, the Italian Drug Agency ordered withdrawal of the hexavalent Hexavac® vaccine (Sanofi Pasteur MSD) from the market. Concerns had been raised about the low immunogenicity of the hepatitis B virus component of the vaccine, assessed by measurement of serum antibody levels, and its potential consequences on long-term protection against hepatitis B infection. We evaluated memory T cell response to establish whether there are differences in the protective mechanisms among children who had received either Hexavac® or Infanrix-hexa® (GlaxoSmithKline) as their primary vaccination. Immunological memory was determined by measuring the ability of T cells to proliferate and secrete IFNγ by ELISA and intracellular cytokines (IFNγ and IL-2) when cultured with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The different memory subsets of T cells were also measured. 相似文献
992.
Wing‐Sum Siu Hing‐Lok Wong Ching‐Po Lau Wai‐Ting Shum Chun‐Wai Wong Si Gao Kwok‐Pui Fung Clara Bik‐San Lau Leung‐Kim Hung Chun‐Hay Ko Ping‐Chung Leung 《Phytotherapy research : PTR》2013,27(4):484-492
An innovative anti‐osteoporosis herbal formula containing Epimedii Herba, Ligustri Lucidi Fructus and Psoraleae Fructus (ELP) has been previously shown its bone protecting effects in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats and also in post‐menopausal osteopenic women. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of ELP against bone loss during physical inactivity or weightlessness. A hindlimb unloading tail‐suspended rat model was used for studying the effects of ELP on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone micro‐architecture. For in vitro mechanistic studies, rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and mouse macrophage cells (RAW264.7) were used for studying the effects of ELP on osteogenic/adipogenic differentiations and osteoclastogenesis, respectively. Our data illustrated that ELP had a significant preventive effect against bone loss induced by tail‐suspension (TS) at day 28 (p < 0.01) as indicated in the reduction in BMD loss and the preservation of bone micro‐architecture. ELP could significantly promote the osteogenesis and suppress the adipogenesis (p < 0.05) in MSCs. Besides, significant inhibition of osteoclast formation (p < 0.01) was found in ELP‐treated RAW264.7 cells upon receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand induction. Our study presents the first scientific evidence that ELP had a significant preventive effect against bone loss induced by TS through the actions of enhancing osteogenesis, suppressing adipogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
993.
Kelly L. Donahue Paul Lichtenstein Sebastian Lundström Henrik Anckarsäter Clara Hellner Gumpert Niklas Långström Brian M. D'Onofrio 《The Journal of adolescent health》2013,52(5):606-612
ObjectivePrevious studies have found associations between childhood behavior problems and adolescent sexual risk behavior. Using a quasi-experimental approach, we examined the extent to which this association may be due to between-family differences (i.e., unmeasured familial confounds) not adequately explored in prior research.MethodsWe used data from a longitudinal, population-based cohort of young twins in Sweden (first assessment: age 9 or 12 years; second assessment: age 15; n = 2,388). We explored the nature of the association between symptom scores for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) at age 9 or 12 and the likelihood of having had sexual intercourse and number of sexual partners by age 15. Two-level mixed-effects models were used to estimate the effect of symptom score on each outcome after controlling for potential unmeasured familial confounds.ResultsHigher ADHD, ODD, and CD scores were associated with significantly increased likelihood of sexual intercourse by age 15. Higher ADHD and ODD scores were also associated with increased number of sexual partners. After controlling for unmeasured familial confounds, however, behavior problems were no longer significantly associated with either outcome.ConclusionThe association between childhood behavior problems and sexual risk behaviors may be due to characteristics shared within families. Hence, prevention strategies aimed at reducing these behaviors might need to address broader risk factors that contribute to both behavior problems and a greater likelihood of sexual risk behavior. 相似文献
994.
Sato Ashida Laura M. Koehly J. Scott Roberts Clara A. Chen Susan Hiraki Robert C. Green 《Journal of health communication》2013,18(8):768-784
This study explored the extent to which recipients of genetic susceptibility testing for Alzheimer's disease (AD) communicated their results to others. It also examined demographic characteristics, along with beliefs about AD, associated with such communication. Participants (N = 271) in a randomized clinical trial involving genetic testing for Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene variants among first-degree relatives of AD patients reported their communication behaviors 6 weeks after the results disclosure. Information on beliefs about AD and genetic testing was collected at baseline. Eighty-two percent of participants receiving APOE genotype information shared their results with someone. Specifically, 64% shared with family members, 51% with spouse or significant others, 35% with friends, and 12% with health care professionals. Greater AD treatment optimism was associated with communicating results to family (OR = 1.43), spouse (OR = 1.62), friends (OR = 1.81), and health care professionals (OR = 2.20). Lower perceived risk (OR = 0.98) and higher perceived importance of genetics in the development of AD (OR = 1.93) were associated with results communication in general. Lower perceived drawbacks of AD genetic testing was associated with results communication to friends (OR = 0.65). Beliefs about AD risks and causes, genetic testing, and development of treatments partly may determine the interpersonal communication patterns of genetic susceptibility test results. 相似文献
995.
996.
A. Jasmijn Hubers Daniëlle A.M. Heideman Yasushi Yatabe Michelle D. Wood Justyna Tull Miquel Tarón Miquel A. Molina Clara Mayo Jordi Bertran-Alamillo Gerarda J.M. Herder Remco Koning Daoud Sie Bauke Ylstra Gerrit A. Meijer Peter J.F. Snijders Birgit I. Witte Pieter E. Postmus Egbert F. Smit Erik Thunnissen 《Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2013
Objectives
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations have been identified in lung adenocarcinomas and are associated with high response chance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. EGFR mutations can be detected in tumour tissue, cytology specimens and blood from lung cancer patients. Thus far, EGFR mutation analysis has not been systematically demonstrated for sputum samples. The aim of the present study was to determine whether EGFR mutation analysis is attainable on sputum samples, employing different assays in a multicenter study.Materials and methods
Sputum DNA from 10 lung cancer patients with confirmed EGFR mutation in their tumour tissue, 10 lung cancer patients without evidence of an EGFR mutation, and 10 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was used for mutation analysis by Cycleave PCR, COLD-PCR, PangaeaBiotech SL Technology (PST), and High Resolution Melting, respectively. Targeted resequencing (TruSeq Amplicon Cancer Panel) and droplet digital PCR were additionally performed on the 10 samples with EGFR mutation.Results
Dependent on the assay, EGFR mutations could be detected in 30–50% of the sputum samples of patients with EGFR mutations. The different techniques revealed consistent results, with slightly higher sensitivity for PST. Neither the lung cancer patients without EGFR mutation nor the COPD controls tested positive for EGFR mutations in their sputum samples, indicating high clinical specificity of all assays.Conclusion
EGFR mutations can be detected in sputum samples from patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer, which may replace biopsy procedure for some patients. 相似文献997.
Seth A. Wander Dekuang Zhao Alexandra H. Besser Feng Hong Jianqin Wei Tan A. Ince Clara Milikowski Nanette H. Bishopric Andy J. Minn Chad J. Creighton Joyce M. Slingerland 《Breast cancer research and treatment》2013,138(2):369-381
Oncogenic PI3K/mTOR activation is frequently observed in human cancers and activates cell motility via p27 phosphorylations at T157 and T198. Here we explored the potential for a novel PI3K/mTOR inhibitor to inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis. An MDA-MB-231 breast cancer line variant, MDA-MB-231-1833, with high metastatic bone tropism, was treated with a novel catalytic PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, PF-04691502, at nM doses that did not impair proliferation. Effects on tumor cell motility, invasion, p27 phosphorylation, localization, and bone metastatic outgrowth were assayed. MDA-MB-231-1833 showed increased PI3K/mTOR activation, high levels of cytoplasmic p27pT157pT198 and increased cell motility and invasion in vitro versus parental. PF-04691502 treatment, at a dose that did not affect proliferation, reduced total and cytoplasmic p27, decreased p27pT157pT198 and restored cell motility and invasion to levels seen in MDA-MB-231. p27 knockdown in MDA-MB-231-1833 phenocopied PI3K/mTOR inhibition, whilst overexpression of the phosphomimetic mutant p27T157DT198D caused resistance to the anti-invasive effects of PF-04691502. Pre-treatment of MDA-MB-231-1833 with PF-04691502 significantly impaired metastatic tumor formation in vivo, despite lack of antiproliferative effects in culture and little effect on primary orthotopic tumor growth. A further link between cytoplasmic p27 and metastasis was provided by a study of primary human breast cancers which showed cytoplasmic p27 is associated with increased lymph nodal metastasis and reduced survival. Novel PI3K/mTOR inhibitors may oppose tumor metastasis independent of their growth inhibitory effects, providing a rationale for clinical investigation of PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in settings to prevent micrometastasis. In primary human breast cancers, cytoplasmic p27 is associated with worse outcomes and increased nodal metastasis, and may prove useful as a marker of both PI3K/mTOR activation and PI3K/mTOR inhibitor efficacy. 相似文献
998.
María Clara Restrepo-Méndez Aluísio JD Barros Kerry LM Wong Hope L Johnson George Pariyo Giovanny VA Fran?a Fernando C Wehrmeister Cesar G Victora 《Bulletin of the World Health Organization》2016,94(11):794-805B
ObjectiveTo investigate disparities in full immunization coverage across and within 86 low- and middle-income countries.MethodsIn May 2015, using data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, we investigated inequalities in full immunization coverage – i.e. one dose of bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine, one dose of measles vaccine, three doses of vaccine against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus and three doses of polio vaccine – in 86 low- or middle-income countries. We then investigated temporal trends in the level and inequality of such coverage in eight of the countries.FindingsIn each of the World Health Organization’s regions, it appeared that about 56–69% of eligible children in the low- and middle-income countries had received full immunization. However, within each region, the mean recorded level of such coverage varied greatly. In the African Region, for example, it varied from 11.4% in Chad to 90.3% in Rwanda. We detected pro-rich inequality in such coverage in 45 of the 83 countries for which the relevant data were available and pro-urban inequality in 35 of the 86 study countries. Among the countries in which we investigated coverage trends, Madagascar and Mozambique appeared to have made the greatest progress in improving levels of full immunization coverage over the last two decades, particularly among the poorest quintiles of their populations.ConclusionMost low- and middle-income countries are affected by pro-rich and pro-urban inequalities in full immunization coverage that are not apparent when only national mean values of such coverage are reported. 相似文献
999.
Philippe Seguin Clara Locher Karim Boudjema Catherine Hamon Catherine Mouchel Yannick Malledant 《Nutrition and cancer》2016,68(3):464-472
Perioperative nutrition with supplements containing l-arginine, ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids, and nucleotides could boost liver function recovery, immune response, and resistance to infection after hepatic resection. We conducted a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study to assess the effect of a perioperative nutritional supplementation with Oral Impact® in patients undergoing hepatic surgery for liver cancer. Treatment was given three times daily for 7 days before and 3 days after surgery. Primary outcome was factor V, 3 days after surgery. Thirty-five patients (placebo: 17; Oral Impact: 18) were included. Five patients (placebo: three; Oral Impact: two) were not operated and five (placebo: two; Oral Impact: three) did not undergo hepatic resection. Factor V (mean ± SD) was 70 ± 27% and 79 ± 25% (P = 0.409) 3 days after surgery and 90 ± 30% and 106 ± 16% (P = 0.066) 5 days after surgery, in placebo and Oral Impact groups, respectively. There were no significant differences between groups on other outcomes assessing liver function recovery (bile production, γ-glutamyl transferase, α-fetoprotein), immune response (CD3, CD4, CD8 cells, CD4/CD8 ratio, natural killer cells, B lymphocytes), number of infections, and tolerance. A 10-day perioperative nutritional supplementation with Oral Impact does not improve hepatic function, immune response, and resistance to infection in patients undergoing hepatic surgery for liver cancer. 相似文献
1000.
Katherine M. Livingstone Carlos Celis-Morales Santiago Navas-Carretero Rodrigo San-Cristobal Clare B. O’Donovan Hannah Forster Clara Woolhead Cyril F. M. Marsaux Anna L. Macready Rosalind Fallaize Silvia Kolossa Lydia Tsirigoti Christina P. Lambrinou George Moschonis Magdalena Godlewska Agnieszka Surwiłło Christian A. Drevon Yannis Manios Iwona Traczyk Eileen R. Gibney Lorraine Brennan Marianne C. Walsh Julie A. Lovegrove J. Alfredo Martinez Wim H. Saris Hannelore Daniel Mike Gibney John C. Mathers 《European journal of nutrition》2016,55(2):759-769