用混合粘合剂碳糊电极测定丁螺环酮

用混合粘合剂碳糊电极测定丁螺环酮张正奇，曾鸽鸣，刘传桂，黎艳飞（湖南大学化学化工系，长沙４１００８２）碳糊电极无毒，制作方便，表面更新容易，应用电位范围广，在药物分析中已有应用［１～５］。我们在液体石腊中加入添加剂，组成混合粘合剂，可显著改善电极的检...     

Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: Rapid dissemination detected on FDG PET‐CT

We present the FDG PET‐CT findings in a patient with persistent pain 7 weeks after a nephrectomy and lymph node dissection for a sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. Although conventional imaging was unable to detect evidence of metastatic spread outside the para‐aortic nodes, a PET‐CT scan showed unexpected extensive dissemination. Currently, there are no reports in the literature of the PET‐CT findings in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinomas.     

Chronic pancreatitis: ultrasonic features

A retrospective analysis of 84 ultrasound examinations (in 77 patients) was performed to assess the frequency of sonographic findings in chronic pancreatitis. The findings included: inhomogeneously increased echogenicity in 53% of these examinations, focal or diffuse enlargement in 41%, focal dense echoes in 40%, pseudocyst formation in 21%, and a hypoechoic head mass in 7%. Thirteen per cent of our patients had a normal sonogram. Several presentations of chronic pancreatitis not previously described in the sonographic literature included: pancreatic or common bile duct enlargement or pseudocyst formation with otherwise normal-appearing glands. There was no direct relationship between the presence of focal high-intensity echoes within the pancreatic parenchyma and the presence of radiographic calcification. There was no difference in the frequency of ultrasonic abnormalities between patients with and without clinical evidence of pancreatic insufficiency. These results indicate that the sonographic findings in chronic pancreatitis are significantly more varied than previous reports would indicate.     

Identification of a neuronal endocytic pathway activated by an apolipoprotein E (apoE) receptor binding peptide

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is the only serum apolipoprotein that is also found in the extravascular fluid of the brain, where it is thought to play an important role in lipid transport in the central nervous system. In addition apoE has also been implicated in neural regenerative processes and in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Peptides derived from the receptor binding domain of apoE are biologically active and bind to low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors and LDL receptor related protein. There is, however, no direct evidence that these apoE peptides are able to directly activate the endocytic process, either in the brain or elsewhere. In the present paper, we have used electron microscopy and video imaging fluorescence microscopy to investigate the effects of a peptide derived from the receptor binding domain of human apoE on endocytosis in cultured rat cortical neurons. We have found that this tandem dimer repeat peptide induces neuronal endocytosis via a receptor associated protein sensitive pathway. Although the peptide induces a rise in cytoplasmic calcium, this is not required for the induction of endocytosis. On the other hand, normal processing of the endocytic vesicles does appear to require the elevation of cytoplasmic calcium, since inhibition of the calcium response results in the accumulation of large endocytic vesicles.     

Myelin thickenings in val 102/fs null mutation of MPZ gene

Painful sensory neuropathies consist of a wide range of neuropathies that can involve large as well as small nerve fibres. Even if most cases remain of unknown cause, some of them may be associated with an underlying disorder such as diabetes, HIV, infections, amyloidosis, and Sjogren's syndrome. Since in some cases an autoimmune mechanism has been postulated, we investigated a panel of circulating autoantibodies including anti‐gliadin (AGA), anti‐endomysium (EmA), anti‐transglutaminase (tTGA) and anti‐nuclear (ANA) antibodies in the sera of patients with unexplained painful sensory neuropathies in order to identify other potentially treatable disorders. We tested the sera of 10 patients (4M; 6F) previously investigated for other causes of neuropathies, including anti‐nerve, onconeural, anti‐extractable nuclear, anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic, anti‐thyroglobulin (TgA) and anti‐peroxidase (TPOA) antibodies. We found the presence of AGA positivity in 4 patients (40%), ANA in 7 (70%) and AGA + ANA in 4 (40%), two of whom were negative for celiac disease by gastrointestinal biopsy. None of the patients had EmA positivity. Three (30%) had TgA and TPOA and none had anti‐nerve or onconeural antibodies. Whether the presence of circulating autoantibodies in patients with unexplained painful neuropathy reflects an autoimmune involvement which may be amenable to immune therapy and not only to symptomatic treatment remains to be established.     

In vitro study of cytotoxic factors against endothelium in childhood dermatomyositis

In a previous report we showed that leukocytes from a group of patients with childhood dermatomyositis (CDM) were not cytotoxic toward cultured normal human skeletal muscle cells. Blood products from 11 patients with CDM and 12 age- and sex-matched controls were tested for cytotoxicity toward human endothelium using a chromium 51 assay. Mixed lymphocytes, monocytes, and serum alone or in combination did not produce endothelial cell death. The combination of serum and leukocytes, however, did produce some cytotoxic effects in three of 11 patients with CDM. We conclude that those factors tested in vitro are not responsible for the endothelial cell death but together may produce cytotoxic changes in some patients.