2型糖尿病患者和甲状腺疾病患者血浆脂联素水平变化

在肥胖型糖尿病、非肥胖 2型糖尿病、甲亢、甲减和正常对照 5组病例测定空腹血脂联素、甲状腺激素、胰岛素等指标。结果显示,脂联素与体重指数、血脂及FT4 密切相关。糖尿病人群脂联素与体重指数比胰岛素更相关。     

促酰化蛋白诱导3T3-F442A前脂肪细胞分化的机制

目的初步探讨促酰化蛋白诱导前脂肪细胞分化的作用及其可能机制。方法以3T3-F442A前脂肪细胞为研究对象，分为促酰化蛋白组（促酰化蛋白诱导分化）和对照组（无诱导分化剂）。在不同的分化时间点比较两组细胞的形态学变化和分化率：采用^3H-油酸掺入法测定脂肪细胞甘油三酯合成率，化学比色法测定细胞中甘油三酯的总量。在诱导分化第0、1、2、4和6天收获细胞，采用逆转录聚合酶链反应检测转录因子过氧化体增殖物激活型受体γ、C／EBPδ和C／EBPαmRNA表达情况。结果促酰化蛋白可诱导3T3-F442A前脂肪细胞向成熟脂肪细胞的形态转变，且分化率较高，与对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。促酰化蛋白促进3T3-F442A前脂肪细胞的甘油三酯合成，并增加细胞甘油三酯的总量，均明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。转录因子C／EBPδ、C／EBPα和过氧化体增殖物激活型受体γRNA的表达呈现一定的时间顺序，其中C/EBPδmRNA在3，13．F442A前脂肪细胞分化早期中表达水平急剧升高，然后又迅速下降至很低；而C/EBPαmRNA和过氧化体增殖物激活型受体γmRNA的表达随着分化的进行而逐渐升高，且在分化晚期始终保持高水平的表达。结论新型脂源性激素促酰化蛋白具有诱导前脂肪细胞分化的生物学作用，转录因子C／EBPδ、C／EBPα和过氧化体增殖物激活型受体γmRNA的时序性表达，可能是促酰化蛋白诱导3T3-F442A前脂肪细胞分化的重要分子机制之一。     

Multifocal, persistent cardiac uptake of [18-F]-fluoro-deoxy-glucose detected by positron emission tomography in patients with acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: Inflammation appears to be important in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS AND RESULTS: Cardiac [18-F]-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) uptake by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)-scan was investigated in 12 fasting patients with first AMI (FAMI) single-vessel disease after successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention and at 9 weeks follow-up, and in 12 controls. The average FDG uptake (aFDGu) of the 28 left ventricular (LV) wall segments defined on the PET/CT images of the 12 FAMI patients was 1.28+/-0.57-fold higher than the activity present in the LV cavity. By contrast, the aFDGu of the 12 controls was 0.70+/-22 (p<0.001). The segmental aFDGu in the FAMI was multifocal in both the culprit and non-culprit segments; it was less than LV cavity activity in 38%, 1-2-fold greater in 51.8% and more than 2-fold greater in 10.2%. At follow-up, aFDGu was significantly increased in both culprit and non-culprit segments (1.69+/-1.15, p<0.001). Statistically significant differences between FAMI and controls patients were only found for interleukin-6 plasma levels on admission (11.3+/-7.7 pg/ml vs 2.2+/-1.3 pg/ml; p<0.004). CONCLUSION: Multifocal, non-infarct related, cardiac-FDG-uptake occurred immediately after AMI and persisted at follow-up. The cause of these striking and consistent findings is still speculative.     

The adipsin-acylation stimulating protein system and regulation of intracellular triglyceride synthesis.

We have previously characterized an activity from human plasma that markedly stimulates triglyceride synthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts and human adipocytes. Based on its in vitro activity we named the active component acylation stimulating protein (ASP). The molecular identity of the active serum component has now been determined. NH2-terminal sequence analysis, ion spray ionization mass spectroscopy, and amino acid composition analysis all indicate that the active purified protein is a fragment of the third component of plasma complement, C3a-desArg. As well, reconstitution experiments with complement factors B, D, and complement C3, the components necessary to generate C3a, have confirmed the identity of ASP as C3a. ASP appears to be the final effector molecule generated by a novel regulatory system that modulates the rate of triglyceride synthesis in adipocytes.     

Milk supplementation facilitates appetite control in obese women during weight loss: a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Dairy products provide Ca and protein which may facilitate appetite control. Conversely, weight loss is known to increase the motivation to eat. This randomised controlled trial verified the influence of milk supplementation on appetite markers during weight loss. Low Ca consumer women participated in a 6-month energy-restricted programme (-2508 kJ/d or -600 kcal/d) and received either a milk supplementation (1000 mg Ca/d) or an isoenergetic placebo (n 13 and 12, respectively). Fasting appetite sensations were assessed by visual analogue scales. Anthropometric parameters and fasting plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, leptin, ghrelin and cortisol were measured as well. Both groups showed a significant weight loss (P < 0·0001). In the milk-supplemented group, a time x treatment interaction effect showed that weight loss with milk supplementation induced a smaller increase in desire to eat and hunger (P < 0·05). Unlike the placebo group, the milk-supplemented group showed a lower than predicted decrease in fullness (-17·1 v. -8·8; -2·7 v. 3·3 mm, P < 0·05, measured v. predicted values, respectively). Even after adjustment for fat mass loss, changes in ghrelin concentration predicted those in desire to eat (r 0·56, P < 0·01), hunger (r 0·45, P < 0·05) and fullness (r -0·40, P < 0·05). However, the study did not show a between-group difference in the change in ghrelin concentration in response to the intervention. These results show that milk supplementation attenuates the orexigenic effect of body weight loss.     

Coexistence of multiple and widespread cardiovascular complications in a patient with Marfan syndrome

Inherited connective tissue diseases such as Marfan syndrome are frequently associated with cardiovascular manifestations. Aortic involvement with dilation and dissection is the most common finding and the major cause of death in Marfan syndrome patients. We report the echocardiographic study of a 53‐year‐old male patient with uncommon coexistence of cardiovascular abnormalities typical of connective tissue disease at first clinical presentation in acute clinical setting: dissection of the descending aorta associated with severe mitral regurgitation due to leaflet flail and massive aortic insufficiency due to ascending aortic enlargement, leading to left ventricular dilation and dysfunction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2013