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A retrospective review of rubella serological results carried out in the Virus Diagnostic Unit, University Hospital Kuala Lumpur (UHKL) from January 1993 to September 1999 showed the presence of rubella infection annually which appeared to increase periodically every two to three years. There was no statistical significant difference in the rubella positive rate between male and female population aged 14 to 48 years. Congenital rubella infections (CRI) occurred in babies delivered in UHKL yearly from 1993 to 1998 with an average incidence rate of 48 per 100,000 deliveries. Peaks of rubella cases appeared to be followed by an increase in incidence of CRI cases 6 to 9 months later. The study showed that only 50.8% clinically diagnosed rubella was confirmed by laboratory finding. This study also showed an increase of rubella activity for the months of July, August and September 1999 and this may herald an increase of CRI cases in the coming millennium. 相似文献
43.
S. Chua Senior Lecturer/Consultant M. Lee House Officer K. Vanaja Registrar Y. S. Chong Registrar L. Nordstrom Senior Teaching Fellow S. Arulkumaran Professor/Head 《BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology》1998,105(3):352-356
In order to assess the reliability of intrauterine pressure measurements in the third stage of labour, catheter-tip transducers were used in 20 women randomly allocated into two groups of 10. In each case in the first group two catheters were tied together and introduced transcervically into the uterine cavity after delivery of the placenta. In each case in the second group two catheters were inserted independently into the same uterine cavity. The active and cumulative active pressures recorded from the pairs of catheters within each uterine cavity were compared. Comparison of individual active pressure readings from separate transducers revealed good agreement whether the catheters were tied together or were seperate. Cumulative active pressure was very similar when assessed by each catheter in the same uterus. Intrauterine catheter-tip transducers can be used reliably to measure uterine activity in the third stage of labour although there may be minor contraction by contraction differences in recordings of individual active pressures. 相似文献
44.
Zhang JD Cao YB Xu Z Sun HH An MM Yan L Chen HS Gao PH Wang Y Jia XM Jiang YY 《第二军医大学学报》2006,27(6):664-664
Antifungal activity of natural products is being studied widely. Saponins are known to be antifungal and antibacterial. We have isolated eight steroid saponins from Tribulus terrestris L. , namely TTS-8, TTS-9, TTS-10, TTS-11, TTS-12, TTS-13, TTS-14 and TTS-15. TTS-12 and TTS-15 were identified as tigogenin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→ 2)-[-β-D-xylopyranosyl( 1 → 3 ) 3-β- D-glucopyranosyl ( 1 → 4 )- 1- α-L-rhamnopyranosyl ( 1 → 2 ) 3-β-D-galactopyranoside and tigogenin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranpyranosyl(1→2)-[-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→ 3)3-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside, respectively. The in vitro antifungal activities of the eight saponins against six fluconazole-resistant yeasts, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida para psilosis , Candida tropicalis , Candida krusei , and Cryptococcus neo f ormans were studied using microbroth dilution assay. The results showed that TTS-12 and TTS-15 were very effective against several pathogenic candidal species and C. neoformans in vitro. It is noteworthy that TTS-12 and TTS-15 were very active against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans (MIC80 = 4.4, 9.4 mg/ml), C. neoformans (MIC80 =10.7, 18.7 mg/ml) and inherently resistant C. krusei (MIC80 =8.8, 18.4 mg/ml). So in vivo activity of TTS-12 in a vaginal infection model with fluconazole-resistant C. albicans was studied in particular. Our studies revealed TTS-12 also showed in vivo activities against fluconazole-resistant yeasts. In conclusion, steroid saponins TTS-12 and TTS-15 from Tribulus terrestris L. have significant in vitro antifungal activity against fluconazole-resistant fungi, especially TTS-12 also showed in vivo activity against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans. 相似文献
45.
Phenytoin is widely used for the management of seizures. Fortunately overdosage with this drug is rare. We performed a prospective study to investigate the elimination kinetics of phenytoin in toxic overdose. All patients were only on phenytoin and not on other anticonvulsants. Phenytoin toxicity was defined by clinical features and correlated with drug levels. Daily phenytoin levels were obtained until they were less than or equal to 15 mcg/ml. Nine patients with age ranging from 20 to 66-years-old were recruited. Sex ratio was male:female, 5:4. Initial phenytoin levels ranged from 34 to 57.5 mcg/ml. Serum phenytoin levels of three patients remained relatively constant for 2-5 days before declining in a steady fashion. Phenytoin levels of the remaining patients declined in an almost linear manner. Regression analysis of all patients showed that the slope terms were highly significant (with low P-values) and corresponding R(2) values were close to 1. Different patients have different rates of metabolism; in seven of nine patients, levels declined between 4.6 and 5.9 mcg/ml per day. Knowledge of the rate of elimination assists the clinician in deciding on the best time to reinstitute phenytoin therapy. 相似文献
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47.
Anne W M Lee W H Lau Stewart Y Tung Daniel T T Chua Rick Chappell L Xu Lillian Siu W M Sze T W Leung Jonathan S T Sham Roger K C Ngan Stephen C K Law T K Yau Joseph S K Au Brian O'Sullivan Ellie S Y Pang S K O Gordon K H Au Joseph T Lau 《Journal of clinical oncology》2005,23(28):6966-6975
PURPOSE: This randomized study compared the results achieved by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) versus radiotherapy (RT) alone for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with advanced nodal disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with nonkeratinizing/undifferentiated NPC staged T1-4N2-3M0 were randomized to CRT or RT. Both arms were treated with the same RT technique and dose fractionation. The CRT patients were given cisplatin 100 mg/m2 on days 1, 22, and 43, followed by cisplatin 80 mg/m2 and fluorouracil 1,000 mg/m2/d for 96 hours starting on days 71, 99, and 127. RESULTS: From 1999 to January 2004, 348 eligible patients were randomly assigned; the median follow-up was 2.3 years. The two arms were well-balanced in all prognostic factors and RT parameters. The CRT arm achieved significantly higher failure-free survival (72% v 62% at 3-year, P = .027), mostly as a result of an improvement in locoregional control (92% v 82%, P = .005). However, distant control did not improve significantly (76% v 73%, P = .47), and the overall survival rates were almost identical (78% v 78%, P = .97). In addition, the CRT arm had significantly more acute toxicities (84% v 53%, P < .001) and late toxicities (28% v 13% at 3-year, P = .024). CONCLUSION: Preliminary results confirmed that CRT could significantly improve tumor control, particularly at locoregional sites. However, there was significant increase in the risk of toxicities and no early gain in overall survival. Longer follow-up is needed to confirm the ultimate therapeutic ratio. 相似文献
48.
Cancer-testis genes are coordinately expressed and are markers of poor outcome in non-small cell lung cancer. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Ali O Gure Ramon Chua Barbara Williamson Mithat Gonen Cathy A Ferrera Sacha Gnjatic Gerd Ritter Andrew J G Simpson Yao-T Chen Lloyd J Old Nasser K Altorki 《Clinical cancer research》2005,11(22):8055-8062
PURPOSE: Cancer-testis genes mapping to the X chromosome have common expression patterns and show similar responses to modulators of epigenetic mechanisms. We asked whether cancer-testis gene expression occurred coordinately, and whether it correlated with variables of disease and clinical outcome of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Tumors from 523 NSCLC patients undergoing surgery were evaluated for the expression of nine cancer-testis genes (NY-ESO-1, LAGE-1, MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, MAGE-A4, MAGE-A10, CT7/MAGE-C1, SSX2, and SSX4) by semiquantitative PCR. Clinical data available for 447 patients were used to correlate cancer-testis expression to variables of disease and clinical outcome. RESULTS: At least one cancer-testis gene was expressed by 90% of squamous carcinoma, 62% of bronchioloalveolar cancer, and 67% of adenocarcinoma samples. Statistically significant coexpression was observed for 34 of the 36 possible cancer-testis combinations. Cancer-testis gene expression, either cumulatively or individually, showed significant associations with male sex, smoking history, advanced tumor, nodal and pathologic stages, pleural invasion, and the absence of ground glass opacity. Cox regression analysis revealed the expression of NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A3 as markers of poor prognosis, independent of confounding variables for adenocarcinoma of the lung. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer-testis genes are coordinately expressed in NSCLC, and their expression is associated with advanced disease and poor outcome. 相似文献
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