Étude de la dépression,des événements de vie,de l’impulsivité et du lieu de contrôle au sein d’une population nouvellement incarcérée

Introduction

During the first days of incarceration, the “shock prison” may encourage the appearance of symptomatology reaction with the presence of depressive disorders. Several studies in prisons showed the presence of certain socio-demographic characteristics, psychological and legal in this population life course singular susceptible to weaken against the event that represents an incarceration.

Objective

The present study is twofold. This is firstly to assess depression, life events, impulsivity and locus of control in a newly incarcerated population and secondly to compare the results with depressed people those do not show depression.

Method

Maintenance of semi-structured research was proposed to 46 inmates in the unit of outpatient consultations in a prison in 2010. This interview was completed by placing two questionnaires (Beck Depression Questionnaire, Eysenck Impulsivity Questionnaire) and scale (Multidimensional locus of control scale of Levenson).

Results

Of the forty four inmates incarcerated for less than 10 days, who participated in the study twenty-six had a depression, a significant number of incarceration, psychiatric history, certain life events (personal and maternal abuse, parental alcoholism), as well as significantly higher scores with regard to empathy and external locus of control type “powerful character”.

Conclusion

Home maintenance is a systematic critical time. Newly incarcerated population, with a depression score above the standard psychological characteristics show support from the idea of a unique formation of the personality associated with the presence of life events and highlights particularly difficult childhood susceptible to weaken, especially to cope with the event that is incarceration.     

Human induced pluripotent stem cells can reach complete terminal maturation: in vivo and in vitro evidence in the erythropoietic differentiation model

Background

Human induced pluripotent stem cells offer perspectives for cell therapy and research models for diseases. We applied this approach to the normal and pathological erythroid differentiation model by establishing induced pluripotent stem cells from normal and homozygous sickle cell disease donors.

Design and Methods

We addressed the question as to whether these cells can reach complete erythroid terminal maturation notably with a complete switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin. Sickle cell disease induced pluripotent stem cells were differentiated in vitro into red blood cells and characterized for their terminal maturation in terms of hemoglobin content, oxygen transport capacity, deformability, sickling and adherence. Nucleated erythroblast populations generated from normal and pathological induced pluripotent stem cells were then injected into non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency mice to follow the in vivo hemoglobin maturation.

Results

We observed that in vitro erythroid differentiation results in predominance of fetal hemoglobin which rescues the functionality of red blood cells in the pathological model of sickle cell disease. We observed, in vivo, the switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin after infusion of nucleated erythroid precursors derived from either normal or pathological induced pluripotent stem cells into mice.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that human induced pluripotent stem cells: i) can achieve complete terminal erythroid maturation, in vitro in terms of nucleus expulsion and in vivo in terms of hemoglobin maturation; and ii) open the way to generation of functionally corrected red blood cells from sickle cell disease induced pluripotent stem cells, without any genetic modification or drug treatment.Key words: human induced pluripotent stem cells, terminal maturation, erythropoietic differentiation     

Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in treatment-naïve Parkinson disease patients

Objective

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a risk factor for dementia in Parkinson disease (PD) patients. The objectives of our study were to prospectively evaluate the frequency of RBD in a sample of treatment-naïve, newly diagnosed PD patients and compare sleep characteristics and cognition in RBD and non-RBD groups.

Methods

Fifty-seven newly diagnosed PD patients were consecutively recruited in a university medical center. All patients underwent two overnight polysomnography (PSG) sessions and were diagnosed with RBD according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Second Revision criteria. Daytime sleepiness was measured in a multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). Cognition was assessed in a standard neuropsychologic examination.

Results

Seventeen PD patients (30%) met the criteria for RBD. The RBD patients and non-RBD patients did not significantly differ in mean age, gender ratio, disease duration, motor symptom subtype and severity, total sleep time, percentage of REM sleep, apnea–hypopnea index, mean oxygen saturation, and importantly cognitive performance. However, non-RBD patients had a significantly shorter mean daytime sleep latency than RBD patients (15 vs 18 min, respectively; P = .014).

Conclusion

A high frequency of RBD was found in our sample of 57 newly diagnosed PD patients. At this stage in the disease, RBD was not found to be associated with other sleep disorders or cognitive decline. Follow-up is needed to assess the risk for developing dementia in early-stage PD patients with RBD.     

Multiple once-daily subcutaneous doses of pasireotide were well tolerated in healthy male volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, Phase I study

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, dose-escalating, single-center study was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of multiple once-daily (qd) subcutaneous (sc) doses of pasireotide in healthy male subjects. Subjects received pasireotide 50, 200, or 600?μg?sc?qd for 14?days and placebo in separate sequences. Thirty-three subjects were randomized. The most frequently reported drug-related adverse events were injection-site reactions (n?=?18), diarrhea (n?=?14) and nausea (n?=?10), which were mostly mild or moderate in intensity. Pasireotide 600?μg?sc was associated with pre- and post-prandial elevations in glucose levels relative to placebo; however, this effect was less pronounced on day 14 compared with day 1. PK steady state appeared to be achieved after 3?days of dosing and PK exposures had a moderate accumulation of 20-40?% across doses. Pasireotide demonstrated fast absorption (T (max,ss): 0.25-0.5?h), low clearance (CL/F (ss): 8.10-9.03?L/h), long effective half-life (T (?,eff): ~12?h, on average between 9.7 and 13.1?h for 50, 200, and 600?μg?sc?qd), and large volume of distribution (V (z)/F (ss): 251-1,091?L) at steady state. Dose proportionality was confirmed for C (max,ss); other PK parameters (C (max), AUC(0-24?h) and AUC(tau)) were approximately dose proportional. Growth hormone inhibition was observed with pasireotide 200 and 600?μg?sc?qd. Gallbladder volume increased post-prandially with pasireotide 200 and 600?μg?sc?qd, which appeared to correlate with reduced levels of cholecystokinin at these doses. Pasireotide was generally well tolerated up to the tested dose of 600?μg?qd, with a linear and time-independent PK profile after sc qd dosing in healthy subjects.