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21.
Mice deficient in the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene (PAI-1-/- mice) are relatively protected from developing pulmonary fibrosis from bleomycin administration. We hypothesized that one of the protective mechanisms may be the ability of the plasminogen system to enhance hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) effects, which have been reported to be anti-fibrotic in the lung. HGF is known to be sequestered in tissues by binding to extracellular matrix components. Following bleomycin administration, we found that HGF protein levels were higher in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from PAI-1-/- mice compared to wild-type (PAI-1+/+) mice. This increase could be suppressed by administering tranexamic acid, which inhibits plasmin activity. Conversely, intratracheal instillation of urokinase into bleomycin-injured PAI-1+/+ mice to activate plasminogen caused a significant increase in HGF within bronchoalveolar lavage and caused less collagen accumulation in the lungs. Administration of an anti-HGF neutralizing antibody markedly increased collagen accumulation in the lungs of bleomycin-injured PAI-1-/- mice. These results support the hypothesis that increasing the availability of HGF, possibly by enhancing its release from extracellular matrix by a plasmin-dependent mechanism, is an important means by which activation of the plasminogen system can limit pulmonary fibrosis.  相似文献   
22.
The selection of T cell receptor specificities must logically not only involve the alpha beta-TCR but, also the CD4 and CD8 molecules, as antigen recognition by the alpha beta-TCR on mature T cells is facilitated by the CD4 and CD8 co-receptors. In this review, the studies that provided key advances in our understanding of the possible role of CD4 and CD8 in T cell development will be discussed.  相似文献   
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There has been a serious shortage of suitable kidneys for transplantation since this procedure became the treatment of choice for many patients with end-stage renal failure. Some harvested kidneys are discarded due to complicated or injured renal vasculature and some potential living related donors are judged unsuitable because their kidneys have multiple vessels. The authors review the basic microsurgical techniques they have used in such situations to salvage kidneys for transplantation. They emphasize the ex-vivo, "bench", microsurgical method for protecting the kidney from prolonged warm ischemia time (as with multiple complicated in-situ anastomoses). Several illustrative case reports from their recent experience are presented. The authors conclude that microvascular surgery is an important adjunct to the armamentarium of the transplant surgeon.  相似文献   
24.
Remote interventions are increasingly used in transplant medicine but have rarely been rigorously evaluated. We investigated a remote intervention targeting immunosuppressant management in pediatric lung transplant recipients. Patients were recruited from a larger multisite trial if they had a Medication Level Variability Index (MLVI) ≥2.0, indicating worrisome tacrolimus level fluctuation. The manualized intervention included three weekly phone calls and regular follow-up calls. A comparison group included patients who met enrollment criteria after the subprotocol ended. Outcomes were defined before the intent-to-treat analysis. Feasibility was defined as ≥50% of participants completing the weekly calls. MLVI was compared pre- and 180 days postenrollment and between intervention and comparison groups. Of 18 eligible patients, 15 enrolled. Seven additional patients served as the comparison. Seventy-five percent of participants completed ≥3 weekly calls; average time on protocol was 257.7 days. Average intervention group MLVI was significantly lower (indicating improved blood level stability) at 180 days postenrollment (2.9 ± 1.29) compared with pre-enrollment (4.6 ± 2.10), = .02. At 180 days, MLVI decreased by 1.6 points in the intervention group but increased by 0.6 in the comparison group (= .054). Participants successfully engaged in a long-term remote intervention, and their medication blood levels stabilized. NCT02266888.  相似文献   
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Archives of Sexual Behavior - Male couples in open relationships tend to have as equally fulfilling relationships as monogamous male couples; however, less is known about communication differences...  相似文献   
26.
More health care organizations are outsourcing the management of some or all of their information systems. Executives at many organizations that have tried outsourcing say it enables them to focus on core competencies, better allocate resources, get more information technology at less cost, share risks of implementing information technology with outsourcers and guarantee access to skilled labor. But the information technology outsourcing market remains relatively small in health care because many CIOs still are wary of turning over control of important functions to outsiders.  相似文献   
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Several fixation and permeabilization techniques that enable the flow cytometric analysis of the cell contents have been introduced in recent years. These methods allow sensitive detection of intracellular antigens that facilitates the diagnosis of certain diseases. We have undertaken in this study to evaluate a simple method of fixation and permeabilization using 2% paraformaldehyde and Tween 20. Intracellular antigens in three different leukaemia cases were analysed. We found that the method was reliable and easy. Intracellular kappa light chains were found in abundance in a case of plasma cell leukaemia. CD3 and CD22 were found in greater amount intracellularly than on the surface in pre-T-ALL and pre-pre B-ALL respectively.  相似文献   
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