松果体区神经内镜解剖学研究

目的 观察松果体区及其毗邻结构的神经内镜下解剖特点,探讨内镜下各经典入路的解剖通路及操作技巧,为临床神经内镜下松果体区手术的操作提供解剖基础. 方法 选取100g/L甲醛固定的国人成年尸体头颅标本15例,神经内镜下分别模拟枕叶下经天幕入路和幕下小脑上入路,观察2种手术入路下松果体区解剖结构的暴露范围与内镜可调整程度,测量手术入路相关解剖结构数据. 结果 模拟枕叶下经天幕入路中,内镜视野及角度调整宽松灵活,显露松果体区各解剖结构满意,模拟幕下小脑上入路中,内镜视野呆板固定,可调整性差;经测量大脑大静脉长度为(10.2±4.1) mm,大脑内静脉长度为(35.0±2.8) mm,基底静脉长度为(35.4±6.4)mm,直窦长度为(51.1±5.2) mm,大脑大静脉与直窦的平均角度为(75.20±10.4)°,其中锐角14例,钝角1例,直窦的延长线位于胼胝体压部下方3例,与胼胝体压部上边相切11例;位于胼胝体压部上方1例. 结论 枕叶下经天幕入路较幕下小脑上入路对松果体区内镜解剖结构显露更为满意,天幕切开可改善枕叶下经天幕入路部分对侧解剖结构显露不足及内镜调整困难的缺点.     

抑郁症患者脑结构网络效率属性及与疾病严重程度的相关分析

目的 探讨抑郁症患者与健康对照者脑结构的网络效率及节点效率属性的异同,分析抑郁症患者大脑全局信息处理模式和脑区间信息整合效率的改变,及其与疾病严重程度的关系.方法 对27例抑郁症患者(抑郁症组)和36名健康对照者(对照组)进行弥散张量成像扫描,利用解剖学自动标记模板将整个大脑划分为90个区域,同时对全脑进行确定性纤维追踪,构建脑结构二值化网络.并对所得抑郁症组与对照组脑结构网络的效率属性值进行双样本t检验.结果 (1)2组脑网络分别与相匹配的随机网络比较:网络全局效率均与随机网络相似;网络局部效率均大于随机网络.(2)抑郁症组网络全局效率(0.86±0.01)较对照组(0.87±0.01)下降(t=-2.31;P =0.02).(3)抑郁症组节点全局效率属性值较对照组(右侧额上回眶部:0.41±0.04与0.44±0.02;左侧颞中回颞极:0.31 ±0.02与0.33±0.03)下降(t=-3.52、-3.84;P=0.0008、0.0003;通过多重校正).(4)抑郁症组右侧额上回眶部全局效率属性值与HAMD17总分呈负相关(r=-0.46,P=0.02).结论 抑郁症患者与健康人大脑都具有高效经济的“小世界”式的信息处理模式.抑郁症患者脑区间信息整合的能力已受损,且与疾病严重程度呈负相关.     

Inhibiting p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase attenuates cerebral ischemic injury in Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice

Cerebral ischemia was induced using photothrombosis 1 hour after intraperitoneal injection of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB239063 into Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP/SWE) transgenic and non-transgenic mice. The number of surviving neurons in the penumbra was quantified using Nissl staining, and the activity of p38 MAPKs was measured by western blotting. The number of surviving neurons in the penumbra was significantly reduced in APP/SWE transgenic mice compared with non-transgenic controls 7 days after cerebral ischemia, but the activity of p38 MAPKs was significantly elevated compared with the non-ischemic hemisphere in the APP/SWE transgenic mice. SB239063 prevented these changes. The APP/SWE mutation exacerbated ischemic brain injury, and this could be alleviated by inhibiting p38 MAPK activity.     

犀角地黄汤合银翘散及其单方对小鼠流感病毒性肺炎治疗作用的比较

目的 比较截断疗法经典方犀角地黄汤合银翘散及其单方对小鼠流感病毒性肺炎的治疗作用,探究犀角地黄汤和银翘散在截断疗法中的不同作用.方法 ICR小鼠和BALB/c小鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组、犀角地黄汤合银翘散组(简称合方组)、犀角地黄汤组、银翘散组、达菲组,除正常组外其余小鼠以流感病毒滴鼻感染,1 h后给药.各组分别以对...     

Curzerene suppresses progression of human glioblastoma through inhibition of glutathione S‐transferase A4

AimsGlioblastoma is the central nervous system tumor with the highest mortality rate, and the clinical effectiveness of chemotherapy is low. Curzerene can inhibit the progression of non‐small‐cell lung cancer, but its role in glioma has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of curzerene on glioma progression and further explore its potential mechanism.MethodsThe expression of glutathione S‐transferase A4 (GSTA4) in glioblastoma and the effect of curzerene on the expression of GSTA4 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 and the activation of the mTOR pathway were detected by Western blotting and RT‐PCR, and the effects of curzerene treatment on glioma malignant character were detected by cell biological assays. The in vivo antitumor effects of curzerene were analyzed in a nude mouse xenograft model.ResultsCurzerene was found to inhibit the expression of GSTA4 mRNA and protein in U251 and U87 glioma cells, and this effect correlated with a downregulation of the proliferation of these cells in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Invasion and migration were also inhibited, and curzerene treatment correlated with induction of apoptosis. Curzerene inhibited the activation of the mTOR pathway and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9, and it correlated with increased 4‐hydroxynonenal levels. In vivo, curzerene was found to significantly inhibit tumor growth in nude mice and to prolong the survival time of tumor‐bearing nude mice.ConclusionIn conclusion, inhibition of GSTA4 correlates with positive outcomes in glioma models, and thus, this molecule is a candidate drug for the treatment of glioma.     

Double noncovalent network chitosan/hyperbranched polyethylenimine/Fe3+ films with high toughness and good antibacterial activity

The application of pure chitosan films is significantly limited due to their poor mechanical properties. In this study, a novel type of chitosan/hyperbranched polyethylenimine (CHP) and chitosan/hyperbranched polyethylenimine/Fe³⁺ (CHPF) films with high toughness and good antibacterial activity were prepared through a noncovalent crosslinking method. From the tensile test results, the strain and toughness of the CHP film increased by 798.1% and 292.3%, respectively, compared with pure chitosan film, after the addition of 20% hyperbranched polyethylenimine (HPEI). The addition of trace metal iron ions (3 mg) forms a metal coordination bond with the amine group on HPEI, as well as the hydroxyl group and amine group on chitosan, and develops a double noncovalent bond network structure with hydrogen bonding, which further enhances the mechanical tensile strength of the chitosan-based film, with an increase of 48.4%. Interestingly, HPEI and Fe³⁺ can be used as switches to increase and decrease the fluorescence property of chitosan, respectively. Furthermore, the CHP and CHPF films showed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli.

Double noncovalent network chitosan/hyperbranched polyethylenimine/Fe³⁺ films.     

Facile synthesis of peanut-like Sn-doped silica nano-adsorbent for affinity separation of proteins

A peanut-like hollow silica (denoted as p-l-hSiO₂) adsorbent is prepared in a facile method, which is composed of several silica nanospheres and has an average diameter of 22 nm, with thickness of 5 nm. Its Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, pore volume and pore size are 258.9 m² g⁻¹, 1.56 cm³ g⁻¹ and 3.9 nm, respectively. Then the afforded p-l-hSiO₂/GSH adsorbent is applied to purify glutathione S-transferases-tagged (denoted as GST-tagged) proteins. It is found that the p-l-hSiO₂ adsorbent exhibits a specific adsorption, a high binding capacity (6.80 mg g⁻¹), good recycling performance and high recovery (90.1%) to the target proteins, showing promising potential for the affinity separation of GST-tagged proteins.

Peanut-like Sn-doped hollow silica adsorbent is prepared in a facile method, which exhibits a specific adsorption, a high binding capacity , good recycle performance and high recovery to the GST-tagged proteins.     

Effects on the crystallization behavior and biocompatibility of poly(LLA-ran-PDO-ran-GA) with poly(d-lactide) as nucleating agents

The blends of poly(l-lactide acid-p-dioxanone-glycolide) (PLPG) with poly(d-lactide) (PDLA) (PLPG/PDLA) were prepared by a solution-casting method. The effects of PDLA on the properties of the PLPG were studied. DSC and WAXD results confirmed that PLA stereocomplex (sc-PLA) crystals were formed by blending PLLA segments in PLPG with PDLA, and the melting endotherm for both PLLA and sc-PLA relied on PDLA content. The non-isothermal crystallization results indicated that the crystallization process was remarkably accelerated by the addition of PDLA. Meanwhile, the results of isothermal crystallization indicated that the half-time of crystallization decreased with the increase of PDLA content. Besides, the enzymatic degradation behavior of the samples showed that with the increase of PDLA content, the mass loss gradually decreased. Furthermore, TGA and DTG results indicated that the thermal degradation of the samples was a complex process. Moreover, the biocompatibility of the samples was tested by cell culture and using CCK-8 and live/dead staining. Results showed that the samples possessed lower cytotoxicity. Therefore, the PLPG/PDLA blends are promising candidate materials in biomedical applications.

Sc-PLA crystals in the PLPG/PDLA blends were formed by hydrogen bond between PDLA and PLLA segments, which enhance the crystallization ability of PLLA in the PLPG matrix by decreasing the activation free energy.     

X综合征冠状循环内血浆内皮素浓度变化

目的　探讨X综合征患者中冠状血管内皮功能的变化。方法　采用心房起搏术,观察X综合征患者（n=8）冠状静脉窦血浆内皮素浓度水平,同时与年龄、性别相匹配的健康人（n=6）作对照。结果　X综合征组在整个试验过程中,冠状静脉窦血浆内皮素浓度明显增加（P<0.05）;并且在不同时点间的浓度均不同（P<0.05）。结论　X综合征患者冠状循环内血浆内皮素浓度增高,可能存在有内皮功能异常。     

Preconception alanine aminotransferase concentrations and risk of preterm birth in rural Chinese women aged 20–49 years: a population-based cohort study

Background

Previous studies have shown maternal hepatitis B virus infection is associated with preterm birth. However, whether liver dysfunction caused by hepatitis B virus infection or other factors can lead to preterm delivery needs further exploration. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a sensitive indicator of liver function, but few studies have investigated the association between serum ALT concentrations and preterm birth. We aimed to examine the relationship between maternal preconception ALT concentration and risk of preterm birth.