黄芪活性成分抗结肠癌作用机制研究进展

黄芪Astragali Radix是临床上常用的补气药,具有抗炎、抗肿瘤及免疫调节等药理作用。研究表明,黄芪活性成分对结肠癌发生、发展具有预防和显著治疗作用。黄芪活性成分能够抑制结肠癌早期炎症的发生发展,抑制结肠癌细胞增殖、抑制侵袭及转移、诱导凋亡及增强免疫调节能力等发挥抗结肠癌的作用,还可通过调控相关信号通路达到防治结肠癌的作用。通过对黄芪活性成分抗结肠癌的分子机制进行综述,为促进黄芪资源的开发利用和结肠癌的新药研发提供参考。     

日本血吸虫感染兔尿液中具有诊断价值的循环抗原组分分析

目的 分析日本血吸虫感染兔尿液中具有诊断价值的循环抗原(CAg)组分,为建立尿液CAg免疫学诊断方法奠定基础。方法 十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析尿液中蛋白抗原组分;甘氨酸盐酸缓冲液(简称甘盐液)解离尿液中循环免疫复合物(CIC),通过抗日本血吸虫可溶性虫卵抗原(Solube egg antigen,SEA)的鸡卵黄免疫球蛋白(IgY),采用免疫印渍技术(Western blot)对解离后的CAg组分进行分析。结果  SDS-PAGE结果显示,正常兔尿液中未见明显蛋白条带:感染兔尿液在未作CIC解离前,有2条主带和3条次带,主带分子量为146kDa和60kDa,次带分子量为108kDa、72 kDa和67 kDa;而利用甘盐液解离感染兔尿液中的CIC后,仅见1条主带和1条次带,分子量分别为68kDa和86kDa。对甘盐液处理后的感染兔尿液作Western blot分析,结果显示其与日本血吸虫感染兔血清和抗日本血吸虫SEA特异性IgY抗体反应的蛋白条带均为68kDa,而与正常兔血清和免疫前IgY反应不产生条带。结论 日本血吸虫感染兔尿液中存在具有诊断价值的CAg组分,有望建立基于IgY的尿液CAg免疫学诊断方法。     

Presence of tannins in sorghum grains is conditioned by different natural alleles of Tannin1

Sorghum, an ancient old-world cereal grass, is the dietary staple of over 500 million people in more than 30 countries in the tropics and semitropics. Its C4 photosynthesis, drought resistance, wide adaptation, and high nutritional value hold the promise to alleviate hunger in Africa. Not present in other major cereals, such as rice, wheat, and maize, condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) in the pigmented testa of some sorghum cultivars have been implicated in reducing protein digestibility but recently have been shown to promote human health because of their high antioxidant capacity and ability to fight obesity through reduced digestion. Combining quantitative trait locus mapping, meta-quantitative trait locus fine-mapping, and association mapping, we showed that the nucleotide polymorphisms in the Tan1 gene, coding a WD40 protein, control the tannin biosynthesis in sorghum. A 1-bp G deletion in the coding region, causing a frame shift and a premature stop codon, led to a nonfunctional allele, tan1-a. Likewise, a different 10-bp insertion resulted in a second nonfunctional allele, tan1-b. Transforming the sorghum Tan1 ORF into a nontannin Arabidopsis mutant restored the tannin phenotype. In addition, reduction in nucleotide diversity from wild sorghum accessions to landraces and cultivars was found at the region that codes the highly conserved WD40 repeat domains and the C-terminal region of the protein. Genetic research in crops, coupled with nutritional and medical research, could open the possibility of producing different levels and combinations of phenolic compounds to promote human health.     

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 defines and protects a nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron subpopulation

Subpopulations of dopaminergic (DA) neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) display a differential vulnerability to loss in Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, it is not clear why these subsets are preferentially selected in PD-associated neurodegeneration. In rodent SNpc, DA neurons can be divided into two subpopulations based on the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1A1). Here, we have shown that, in α-synuclein transgenic mice, a murine model of PD-related disease, DA neurodegeneration occurs mainly in a dorsomedial ALDH1A1-negative subpopulation that is also prone to cytotoxic aggregation of α-synuclein. Notably, the topographic ALDH1A1 pattern observed in α-synuclein transgenic mice was conserved in human SNpc. Postmortem evaluation of brains of patients with PD revealed a severe reduction of ALDH1A1 expression and neurodegeneration in the ventral ALDH1A1-positive DA subpopulations. ALDH1A1 expression was also suppressed in α-synuclein transgenic mice. Deletion of Aldh1a1 exacerbated α-synuclein–mediated DA neurodegeneration and α-synuclein aggregation, whereas Aldh1a1-null and control DA neurons were comparably susceptible to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium–, glutamate-, or camptothecin-induced cell death. ALDH1A1 overexpression appeared to preferentially protect against α-synuclein–mediated DA neurodegeneration but did not rescue α-synuclein–induced loss of cortical neurons. Together, our findings suggest that ALDH1A1 protects subpopulations of SNpc DA neurons by preventing the accumulation of dopamine aldehyde intermediates and formation of cytotoxic α-synuclein oligomers.     

MTT染色法检测鸡新城疫病毒诱导口腔鳞癌细胞凋亡

目的检测鸡新城疫病毒（newcastle disease virus，NDV）对人口腔鳞癌细胞诱导凋亡作用。方法采用MTT染色法检测NDV对人口腔鳞癌（orals quamous cell carcinoma，OSCC）颈淋巴结转移癌细胞系（GNM）及人舌鳞癌细胞系（TSCCa）体外细胞培养株诱导凋亡的作用。结果NDV作用后的GNM、TSCCa均出现明显的细胞凋亡形态，与对照组差异有统计学意义。结论NDV能够诱导OSCC凋亡。     

Clavicular non-union treated with fixation using locking compression plate without bone graft

Background

The articles that have reported on the size at which a segmental defect of clavicular non-union requires bone grafting are scarce. This study evaluated the functional and radiologic results of fixation by locking compression plate (LCP) without bone graft when the defect size is less than 2?cm following bone sclerosis removal for the treatment of clavicular non-union.

Methods

The study included 17 patients with mid-shaft clavicular non-union. All patients underwent bone sclerosis resection and fixation using LCP without bone graft. The patients were evaluated preoperatively, and after a minimum of 24?months (mean, 44.47?months; range, 24 to 60?months) postoperatively in terms of the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score, the Constant-Murley score, and radiography.

Results

In this study, no patients were lost to follow-up. The mean DASH score improved from 38.76?±?7.76 (31.00–46.52) points preoperatively to 19.88?±?7.18 (12.70–27.06) points 2?years postoperatively (P?<?0.01). The mean Constant-Murley score improved from 41.59?±?8.81 (32.78–50.40) points preoperatively to 75.47?±?13.50 (61.97–88.97) points 2?years postoperatively (P?<?0.01). Radiographs revealed fracture union in all patients. No correlations between the defect size and the postoperative Constant-Murley score or between the defect size and the postoperative DASH score were found based on Pearson tests. No complications, particularly acromioclavicular joint complications and sternoclavicular joint complications, were observed.

Conclusions

In conclusion, we can suggest, from the findings of our study, that bone sclerosis resection and fixation using LCP without bone graft is effective for the treatment of clavicular non-union involving a gap of less than 2?cm and has a low rate of complications.

     

安神二号胶囊对慢性精神分裂症患者认知和社会功能的影响

目的:探讨安神胶囊对慢性精神分裂症患者认知和社会功能的影响。方法:采用随机、双盲、双模拟试验方法,将200例患者随机分为观察组和对照组各100例,观察组口服安神胶囊,4粒/次,3次/d;对照组口服维思通,1~1.5 mg/d,2组均治疗8周。于基线和治疗8周末分别计算认知功能评定量表(WCST)评分、社会功能量表(SDSS)评分;于治疗前,治疗第2、4、6、8周分别计算阳性症状量表(SAPS)评分、阴性症状量表(SANS)评分、临床总体印象量表(CGI)评分,并以药物副反应量表(TESS)评定药物的副反应。结果:治疗第8周末,2组SAPS、SANS及SDSS评分均较基线降低,WCST指标中除了观察组持续应答数外均获改善,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组SANS、SAPS评分的降低较对照组更为明显(P0.05)。安神胶囊组WCST各指标改善较对照组明显(P0.05)。SANA有效率、CGI临床进步率观察组分别为79.9%、86.6%,对照组分别为85.3%、89.3%,2组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:安神胶囊对慢性精神分裂症患者认知和社会功能的改善更为有效,且副反应小。     

应用套式PCR检测6种血清型钩端螺旋体

目的　用套式 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 快速检测水沟和丛林等地的钩端螺旋体。方法　选 Ｌｅｐｔｏｓｐｉｒａ ｂｏｒｇｐｅｔｅｒｓｅｎｉｉ 中的一段保守序列 Ｉ Ｓ１５３３ ， 设计两对引物， 用套式 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 检测六种不同血清型的钩体。结果　６ 株致病株均出现单一２４６ｂｐ 的特异性扩增产物， 而腐生株、空白对照无任何 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 扩增条带。用琼脂糖凝胶电泳， 能检测５００ｆｇ 模板的扩增产物。结论　套式 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 是一种灵敏度高、特异性强的快速检测自然疫源中钩体的有效方法。     

Broadly neutralizing antibodies recognizing different antigenic epitopes act synergistically against the influenza B virus

The discovery of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against influenza viruses has raised hope for the successful development of new antiviral drugs. However, due to the speed and variety of mutations in influenza viruses, single-component antibodies that recognize specific epitopes are susceptible to viral escape and have limited efficacy when administration is delayed. Hence, it is necessary to develop alternative strategies with better antiviral activity. Influenza B virus infection can cause severe illness in children and the elderly. Commonly used anti-influenza drugs have low clinical efficacy against influenza B virus. In this study, we investigated the antiviral efficacy of combinations of representative monoclonal antibodies targeting different antigenic epitopes against the influenza B virus. We found that combinations of antibodies recognizing the hemagglutinin (HA) head and stem regions showed a stronger neutralizing activity than single antibodies and other antibody combinations in vitro. In addition, we found that pair-wise combinations of antibodies recognizing the HA head region, HA stem region, and neuraminidase enzyme-activated region showed superior antiviral activity than single antibodies in both mouse and ferret in vivo protection assays. Notably, these antibody combinations still displayed good antiviral efficacy when treatment was delayed. Mechanistic studies further revealed that combining antibodies recognizing different epitope regions resulted in extremely strong antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, which may partly explain their superior antiviral effects. Together, the findings of this study provide new avenues for the development of better antiviral drugs and vaccines against influenza viruses.