The prognostic role of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A meta‐analysis

It has been suggested that tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the prognostic value of TILs is inconclusive due to the heterogeneity of immune cells within the tumour microenvironment. In this meta‐analysis, we aimed to assess the prognostic value of TILs in OSCC. The PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched up to April 20, 2019, and 33 studies were ultimately included in this meta‐analysis. Our pooled meta‐analysis showed that high infiltration of CD8⁺ TILs, CD45RO⁺ TILs and CD57⁺ TILs favoured better overall survival (OS). However, high infiltration of CD68⁺ macrophages and CD163⁺ macrophages was associated with poor prognosis in OSCC. These findings suggest that CD8⁺ TILs, CD45RO⁺ TILs, CD57⁺ TILs, CD68⁺ macrophages and CD163⁺ macrophages might serve as novel prognostic factors and therapeutic targets in OSCC.     

Research progress on accelerator-based stereotactic body radiotherapy

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has become an important radiotherapy technology. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the mechanical properties of the linear accelerator (LINAC), LINAC-based SBRT is gradually emerging. In this article, the history, technological progress, radiation physics, clinical application of LINAC-based SBRT were elaborated, aiming to promote the development of LINAC-based SBRT.     

Additional bedtime H2‐receptor antagonist for the control of nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough: A Cochrane systematic review

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of additional bedtime H₂‐receptor antagonists (H₂RAs) in suppressing nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough (NAB) via a systematic review. METHODS: Eligible trials were identified by searching the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2004), MEDLINE (January 1966–June 2004), EMBASE (January 1980–June 2004) and CINAHL (January 1982–June 2004). Additional hand‐searching was conducted on the proceedings of correlated conferences, eight important Chinese journals and references of all included trials. All randomized controlled trials evaluating H₂RAs for the control of NAB were eligible for inclusion. The systematic review was conducted using methods recommended by The Cochrane Collaboration. RESULTS: Only two randomized crossover studies, comprising 32 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Because the design, dosage and duration of the treatments were different between the studies, it was not possible to conduct meta‐analysis. There were no consistent conclusions found between the two included studies in evaluating H₂RAs for the control of NAB. CONCLUSIONS: No implications for practice at this stage can be concluded. Appropriately designed large‐scale randomized controlled trials with long‐term follow up are needed to determine the effects of additional bedtime H₂RAs in suppressing NAB.     

颈肩背轴型反流皮瓣修复儿童颏颈瘢痕挛缩

目的探讨修复儿童颏颈瘢痕挛缩一种实用而较理想的方法.方法以颈横动脉浅支为蒂,利用其与旋肩胛动脉皮支的丰富吻合,反流形成超长的轴型皮瓣,向前旋转修复瘢痕松解后的颈前创面.结果采用本皮瓣修复30例儿童颏颈瘢痕挛缩,其中18例随访2年,颈部活动自如,颌骨发育无明显异常,皮瓣色泽良好,效果令人满意.结论本皮瓣轴型血管恒定,反流灌注动脉压高有保证,供瓣面积充足,供区多可直接拉拢缝合,是修复儿童颏颈瘢痕挛缩的较理想方法.     

Effects of bimatoprost 0.03% on ocular hemodynamics in normal tension glaucoma.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bimatoprost 0.03% on ocular hemodynamics in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG). METHODS: Twenty-two (22) patients with NTG were consecutively recruited. After basic eye examination and diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, color Doppler imaging was used to measure the peak systolic and end diastolic velocities and resistive index of the central retinal, lateral posterior ciliary, and medial posterior ciliary arteries. Patients received bimatoprost 0.03% for 4 weeks, and these measurements were then repeated. The worse eye of each NTG patient was used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Bimatoprost 0.03% significantly reduced mean IOP from 15.1 +/- 3.8 mmHg at baseline to 12.0 +/- 2.9 mmHg after treatment in our sample of NTG patients (P < 0.001). No significant changes in blood velocities or resistance indices were observed in the retrobulbar vessels after the 4-week treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Topical bimatoprost 0.03% significantly reduced IOP in our NTG patients without causing significant hemodynamic changes in the retrobulbar vessels.     

外科学教学中的审美教育

医学审美教育是医学生全面素质教育不可分割的组成部分,笔者结合长期外科教学实践,阐述了在外科学教学中运用医学美学原理对外科学的美进行开发和挖掘,使医学生在熟练掌握外科学基本理论和基本技能的同时,潜移默化地接受美的教育,美的熏陶,更能激发他们对外科学的热爱和兴趣,达到全面提高医学生整体素质的目的。     

凯时治疗慢性重型肝炎患者疗效观察

目的探讨凯时即前列地尔脂微球载体制剂（Lipo-PGE1）治疗慢性重型肝炎的疗效。方法将84例慢性重型肝炎患者随机分成两组，对照组予综合治疗及对症治疗，治疗组在该基础上加用凯时10μg溶于5％葡萄糖注射液250ml中静脉缓慢滴注，1次/d，疗程为4周。结果治疗组对慢性重型肝炎的疗效优于对照组（P〈0．01），肝功能改善优于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论Lipo-PCEI是一种治疗慢性重型肝炎安全、有效的药物。     

64层CT下肢动脉成像技术研究

目的探讨64层CT下肢动脉成像强化质量的对比剂注射方式。方法前瞻性地选择60例疑诊下肢动脉病变的病人,利用64层螺旋CT行下肢动脉CT血管成像。采用不同的扫描和重建参数,应用370mgI/100ml浓度的对比剂100ml团注或采用先70ml的对比剂后50ml的0.9%生理盐水用双筒高压注射器分别以4.0ml/s的注射速度团注入肘静脉,应用对比剂追踪触发扫描方式待腹主动脉CT阈值达120HU时延迟7s开始扫描;利用MIP和VR方式重建CTA图像;对比不同参数和不同对比剂应用方式的CT血管成像图像质量。结果最佳的扫描与重建参数为准直64×0.6mm,螺距1.5,层厚1.0,重建间隔50%;最佳的对比剂应用方式为(浓度为370mgI/100ml)对比剂70ml、生理盐水50ml以4.0ml/s注射速度按先后顺序团注。结论选择合适的准直、螺距以保证适当的扫描速度,选择合适的对比剂浓度、用量和注射速度以保证血管内足够的对比剂峰值浓度及峰值持续时间,此二者是64层CT下肢动脉成像成功的关键。     

Pulmonary Lophomonas blattarum infection in patients with kidney allograft transplantation

The aim of the study was to analyse the clinical manifestation and management of pulmonary Lophomonas blattarum infection in four allograft transplantation recipients retrospectively. Four patients with pulmonary L. blattarum infection were diagnosed by using Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) examination. Their clinical manifestation and management are summarized. Four cases of pulmonary L. blattarum were found during the period from the second month to the third month after transplantation. Concurring infection by other pathogens was found in three of them. Common initial symptoms included fever (>38 degrees C) without cough and breathlessness. Lower lobe shadowing could be found on chest X-ray. Body temperature decreased to the normal range in three patients and to 37.5 degrees C in the other one, after intravenous injection of metronidazole and tapering immunosuppressant. Radiological examination confirmed improved health condition of the patients afterwards. Two patients received repeated FOB and only dead L. blattarum was found. Pulmonary L. blattarum infection in allograft transplant recipients carry relatively obscure initial symptoms. Possible L. blattarum infection needs to be screened in post-transplantation pulmonary infection patients with similar symptoms, especially in those who respond poorly to anti-infection treatment. Microscopic examination of BAL fluid can help to identify pulmonary L. blattarum infection and metronidazole is an ideal treatment choice.