Alpha-smooth muscle actin in pathological human disc nucleus pulposus cells in vivo and in vitro

That a contractile actin isoform has been found in cells of other cartilage tissues in healing and disease states prompted this investigation of the presence of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in pathological human intervertebral disc tissue. The presence of this isoform has been reported in human intervertebral disc specimens obtained at autopsy from subjects for whom there were no reported symptoms. An objective of this study was to evaluate the cell density and percentage of alpha-SMA-containing cells in pathological nucleus pulposus tissue obtained from lumbar disc surgery from 17 patients. Additionally, explants of nucleus pulposus material were cultured to determine how alpha-SMA expression changed with time in vitro. Seventy-six 5-mm diameter explants (approximately 2 mm thick) pooled from six lumbar surgeries were cultured for 1, 2, 4, or 6 weeks. Microtomed sections of paraffin-embedded specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin or a monoclonal antibody to alpha-SMA. Histologically, cells were categorized as to alpha-SMA phenotype (positive or negative), and the areal cell density was determined. The evaluation of the cultured nucleus pulposus explants also included documentation of the percentage of cells that were round or elongated and the percentage of the cells that were part of a group (group: >/= 2 cells). Every nucleus pulposus section exhibited the presence of alpha-SMA-containing cells, which accounted for approximately 24 percent of the cells in vivo. In vivo, the cell density was significantly higher in older individuals (p = 0.02). The average time for cell outgrowth from the explants was 8.6 days. Approximately 10-15 percent of the cells in the explants stained positive for alpha-SMA. The time in culture had no significant effect on any of the outcome measures except the percentage of alpha-SMA-containing cells that were round (p = 0.008), with values decreasing through 4 weeks and then slightly rising at 6 weeks. The role of alpha-SMA in intervertebral disc pathology warrants further investigation.     

ERP evidence of impaired central nervous system function in virally suppressed HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on central nervous system (CNS) function in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) who have suppressed viral loads. METHODS: Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 15 virally suppressed HIV patients and 15 age-, sex-, and education-matched controls while they performed a 3-stimulus auditory oddball task. The amplitude and latency of the P3a, P3b, and early auditory components were examined in HIV patients and controls. RESULTS: Virally suppressed HIV patients on ART were more depressed than controls, as determined by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). After controlling for the effects of depression, HIV patients had smaller P2, P3a, and P3b amplitudes and longer P3a and P3b latency than control subjects. BDI scores correlated positively with N1 latency in HIV patients and negatively with P3b amplitude in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These electrophysiological results suggest that, even in the absence of detectable levels of HIV in the peripheral blood, viral replication persists in the CNS and continues to cause disease in HIV patients on ART.     

贲门失驰缓症介入治疗的疗效评价

目的：评价贲门失弛缓症球囊扩张介入治疗的疗效。方法：对20例贲门失驰缓症患者行球囊扩张术。结果：20例患者共进行了31次球囊扩张，人均1．5次（其中12例扩张1次，5例扩张2次，3例扩张3次）。术后患者吞咽困难明显缓解，主要并发症为疼痛和返流。术后随访无症状期为3－13个月。结论：球囊扩张术是治疗门失弛缓症的有效方法。     

超声心动图测定未闭动脉导管内径及临床意义

目的　探讨超声心动图测定未闭动脉导管内径的可靠性及其在导管法封堵动脉导管未闭症 (PDA)中的临床意义。　方法　 4 4例 PDA患者 ,男 18例 ,女 2 6例 ,平均 10 .8± 10 .5岁。应用二维超声心动图 (2 DE)及彩色多普勒血流显像 (CDFI)测定 PDA近端及最小内径 ,并与 X线造影测值及最终所选择的封堵器直径比较。　结果　 2 DE及 CDFI显示 PDA解剖全程及测量 PDA内径的成功率分别为 5 7%和 10 0 % ;2 DE对 PDA直径测量的均值显著低于 X线测值及封堵器实际尺寸 ,其回归方程斜率更偏离 1,截距较大 ,估计标准误高 ;CDFI对 PDA直径测量的平均值与 X线测值差异无显著性 ,但平均小于封堵器尺寸 2 .9mm,其回归方程斜率更接近 1,截距小及估计标准误小。　结论　与 2 DE相比 ,CDFI能更准确地测量 PDA直径 ;在导管封堵术中选择封堵器时 ,CDFI的 PDA直径测值可与 X线测量互相补充甚至可替代 X线造影 ,避免穿刺股动脉的技术困难及大量注射造影剂的副作用     

镇痛药和肌松剂在新生儿中的临床应用

与年长儿相比，新生儿对疼痛的敏感性强，并且对手术操作表现出更为强烈的激素、代谢及心血管系统反应。目前对新生儿疼痛的管理日益受到重视。本文简要综述国内外新生儿重症监护室（NICU）内新生儿常用镇痛药和肌松剂及其具体应用。     

吸脂术中吸管孔方向问题的初步探讨

目的 初步探讨在人体的不同部位和不同层次的吸脂术中吸管孔的方向问题。方法 改进组的128例患者，在吸脂过程中根据其皮肤及皮下深层血管的解剖层次来确定吸管孔的方向。未改进组的101例患者，在吸脂过程中吸管孔的方向为随意型。在术后处理基本相同的情况下，对两组进行比较。结果 术后对两组患者经1～6个月的随访,改进组中除1例患者局部出现血清肿、5例患者局部出现轻度色素沉着外,无其他并发症发生.未改进组中有6例患者局部出现血肿、11例患者局部有明显的色素沉着或皮肤硬结。结论 在吸脂术中,应根据患者的皮肤及皮下深层血管的解剖层次适当调整吸管孔的方向,能够减少术后并发症的发生。     

吸脂术中吸管孔方向问题的初步探讨

目的初步探讨在人体的不同部位和不同层次的吸脂术中吸管孔的方向问题.方法改进组的128例患者,在吸脂过程中根据其皮肤及皮下深层血管的解剖层次来确定吸管孔的方向.未改进组的101例患者,在吸脂过程中吸管孔的方向为随意型.在术后处理基本相同的情况下,对两组进行比较.结果术后对两组患者经1～6个月的随访,改进组中除1例患者局部出现血清肿、5例患者局部出现轻度色素沉着外,无其他并发症发生.未改进组中有6例患者局部出现血肿、11例患者局部有明显的色素沉着或皮肤硬结.结论在吸脂术中,应根据患者的皮肤及皮下深层血管的解剖层次适当调整吸管孔的方向,能够减少术后并发症的发生.     

儿科临床带教老师综合素质调查分析

目的了解儿科带教老师综合素质方面存在的问题,为提高带教老师素质,训练一支作风严谨,具有务实、创新精神的临床教学队伍提供依据。方法采用自行设计的临床带教老师综合素质评价调查表对178名本院实习4周后的护生进行调查。结果带教老师综合素质总均分3.93±0.37,评分低于均分的条目有职业态度（3.80±0.60）分,交流沟通能力（3.83±0.56）分,生活护理（3.74±0.67）分,衡量护生操作合格程度能力（3.89±0.46）分,对护生思想、学习、生活关心（3.85±0.52）分。结论儿科临床带教老师综合素质总体较好,但亦存在不足,应及时采取适宜的方法和途径,优化带教老师队伍,提高带教老师的综合素质及临床教学质量。     

慢性肾脏病非透析患者脑钠素与动脉粥样硬化及心功能的关系

目的 研究脑钠素（BNP）与慢性肾脏病（CKD）非透析患者动脉粥样硬化及心功能不全的关系。 方法 采用双抗夹心免疫荧光法检测203例CKD非透析患者与16例高血压患者对照组全血BNP水平，分析其与颈动脉超声结果、心脏彩超结果及既往心血管疾病史的关系。 结果 CKD非透析患者BNP水平与对照组相比显著升高[M（范围）：54.40(15.10～ 173.00) ng/L比9.35(7.35～15.00) ng/L，P < 0.01]。Spearman相关分析显示CKD患者BNP与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）、左室心肌重量指数（LVMI）等呈正相关。存在颈动脉斑块、左室肥厚或既往发生过心血管事件的患者血BNP水平显著增高。多元回归分析显示LVMI、既往心血管事件均是影响BNP水平的独立因素。 结论 CKD非透析患者BNP水平和动脉粥样硬化性疾病、左室肥厚及心功能不全相关，提示BNP水平可作为一项评价CKD非透析患者心功能及动脉粥样硬化的敏感生物学指标。