含丙醇基质护手霜中的润肤剂能显著减轻刺激性接触性皮炎

本研究旨在确定含丙醇护手霜的润肤剂对皮肤干燥和红斑的作用。35例受试者参与该前瞻性、随机、对照、双盲试验，其中约半数具有遗传过敏体质（改进的Erlanger遗传过敏体质评分≥8）。应用两种含丙醇基质的制剂进行反复开放敷贴试验，其中一种含混和润肤剂（0．81％，w／w）。每一制剂两等分各为0．7ml，随机分配给所有受试者后涂至肘窝皮肤，2次／d，持续两周以上。在每次用药前和最后一次用药3d后，根据标准评分，通过视觉检测评估治疗部位的红斑和干燥情况。所有评价时点的总分作为原始参数。     

Adherence to treatment in patients with epilepsy: associations with seizure control and illness beliefs.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated non-adherence to antiepileptic drug treatment amongst patients with epilepsy in secondary care. The associations between adherence and seizure control, perceptions of illness and medication, anxiety and depression were also examined. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of fifty-four patients with epilepsy were recruited from a hospital epilepsy clinic. RESULTS: Fifty-nine percent were estimated to be non-adherent to medication. There was a negative correlation between adherence and frequency of seizures. Patients with poorly controlled epilepsy were more anxious, and expected a longer duration of their epilepsy. CONCLUSION: Assessment of adherence should be a routine part of management of epilepsy. Further recognition and support should be given to patients who have poor seizure control since they are more likely to be more anxious and have unhelpful illness and treatment beliefs.     

Systemic administration of (Tyr-D-Ser(O-tert-butyl)-Gly-Phe-Leu-Thr(O-tert-butyl), a highly selective delta opioid agonist, induces mu receptor-mediated analgesia in mice

The mu opioid receptors are unquestionably implicated both in supraspinal and spinal analgesia, but there is some controversy about the role of delta receptors in the control of pain at the supraspinal level. This could be due, at least in part, to the local or i.c.v. administration of the opioid agonists. It was therefore interesting to reassess the overall contribution of mu and delta opioid receptors in modulating nociceptive thermal stimuli in the hot plate-test in mice after i.v. injections of DAMGO (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-(NMe)Phe-Gly-ol) and BUBU (Tyr-D-Ser(O-tert-butyl)-Gly-Phe-Leu-Thr(O-tert-butyl), two highly selective mu and delta receptor agonists, respectively, whose passage into the brain has been demonstrated recently. Both agonists induced dose-dependent, short-lasting (less than 30 min), antinociceptive responses that peaked 5 min after the administration of DAMGO and 10 min after the administration of BUBU. At these times, DAMGO [ED50: 1.26 mumols (0.65 mg)/kg] was 34 times more potent than BUBU [ED50: 42.5 mumols (34 mg)/kg] in the jump response and 13 times more potent in the paw lick. Apparent pA2 values of naloxone (0.004-0.1 mg/kg s.c.) antagonism for DAMGO and BUBU did not differ significantly, 6.95 +/- 0.054 and 7.28 +/- 0.030 for paw lick tests and 7.11 +/- 0.045 and 7.25 +/- 0.027 for jump tests, respectively. The slopes of the pA2 plots were close to the theoretical -1 value for competitive antagonism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Surgical therapy of achalasia after prior pneumatic dilatation]

Of 15 patients operated on for achalasia in the Department of General and Abdominal Surgery at the University of Mainz between September 1985 and April 1990, 14 were followed-up. All the patients had received an extramucous myotomy combined with Dor's semifundoplication; in twelve, one or more preoperative balloon dilatations had been performed. The results are reported in this study. The average age of the patients was 55.3 years (18 to 76 years), and the average follow-up period 21 months (six to 53 months). No postoperative complications were seen in any of the case. All patients reported appreciable improvements in their symptoms, six being completely symptom-free. Occasional dysphagia was reported in six cases, one patient had occasional, another frequent, nocturnal heartburn, which however had already presented preoperatively. In all seven cases submitted to postoperative radiological examination, the diameter of the esophagogastric junction was increased, and the diameter of the middle-third of the esophagus decreased. No gastroesophageal reflux or signs of inflammation were seen in any of the cases. The low complication rate and the high success rate despite prior balloon dilatation or bougienage support the use of Heller's operation combined with Dor's semifundoplication for the surgical treatment of achalasia after failed balloon dilatation.     

Hemolytic activity of 4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)-and 4-(2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)phenols and their glycosides

4-(1H-Benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)-and 4-(2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)phenyl-β-D-glucopyranosides have been synthesized by glycosylation of the corresponding phenols. The hemolytic activity of the synthesized compounds was studied on whole venous human donor blood at concentrations of 100, 200, and 300 μg/mL. It was established that the glycosides exhibit high biological activity and enter erythrocytes faster than do the initial phenols, which suggests that they are promising for the development of new drugs. __________ Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 41, No. 12, pp. 16–17, December, 2007.     

In vitro physiological evidence of enhanced antioxidant and neuroprotective action of 2,3-dihydromelatonin, a melatonin analogue.

As the capacity of the endogenous antioxidative system is limited, pharmacological treatment with antioxidants may help to protect neuronal tissue against increased amount of reactive oxygen species produced during oxidative stress. We attempted to improve resistance of rat hippocampal slices exposed to ischaemia in vitro (hypoxia (HYP) accompanied with decreased glucose concentration followed by reoxygenation (ROX)) and thus to diminish the impairment of synaptic transmission after HYP/ROX. We compared the protective features of the melatonin analogue 2,3-dihydromelatonin (2,3-DHM) with melatonin itself. In preliminary experiments, the compound 2,3-DHM compared to melatonin revealed enhanced antilipoperoxidation action in rat brain homogenates exposed to Fe/ascorbate system (-logIC(50) = 4.76 +/- 0.01 versus -logIC(50) = 2.51 +/- 0.02, respectively). In this study, 2,3-DHM (from 0.3 to 10 micromol l(-1)) applied at 30 min before the beginning of HYP and remaining all over the 6-min HYP as well as 20-min ROX, exerted a protective effect demonstrated by improvement of the population spike amplitude (PoS) recovery during ROX, with the maximum effect at 3 micromol l(-1). In accordance with this, the ratio of irreversibly damaged slices after HYP/ROX was decreased in the groups treated with 2,3-DHM. Moreover, a significant delay of PoS decay during HYP (expressed as half time, t(0.5)) was revealed at 2,3-DHM concentration 1 and 3 micromol l(-1)). An equipotent effect of melatonin and 2,3-DHM was achieved by a 100-times lower concentration of the latter (0.3 and 1 micromol l(-1)) compared to that of melatonin (30 and 100 micromol l(-1)). Further, compared to the highest effect of 2,3-DHM in the concentration 3 micromol l(-1) on the percentage of irreversibly damaged slices (only 20%), melatonin did not exert such pronounced effect, either in the concentration 30 or 100 micromol l(-1) (67 and 50%, respectively). We conclude that hydrogenation of the melatonin molecule significantly improved its antihypoxic effect in our model of rat hippocampal slices exposed to ischaemic conditions in vitro, similarly as it enhanced the antilipoperoxidation action of 2,3-DHM in our previous studies. These findings suggest that 2,3-DHM deserves more attention concerning its neuroprotective effect in oxidative stress-associated tissue damage.     

Regeneration of skeletal muscles and state of thymus in gamma-irradiated rats under laser therapy of the area of muscle trauma.

The gamma-irradiation of adult rats with a semi-lethal dose (6 Gy) suppressed the posttraumatic regeneration of skeletal muscles and brought about considerable destructive changes in the thymus. The effect of He-Ne laser radiation at a total dose 4.5-5.4 J/cm2 at each operated leg in irradiated rats stimulated the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle tissue, the healing of skin-muscle wound, and the processes of postradiation recovery in thymus cells (a decrease of chromosome aberrations). The histological structure of regenerates had more muscle pattern. At the same time, the positive dynamics of regenerative processes in muscles was achieved by an increased functional load on the thymus. To stimulate the regeneration of irradiated muscles on the background of a more moderate load on the thymus, the prolonged period of laser therapy and fragmentary distribution of laser exposures during muscle regeneration were preferable. Wound healing improved visibly. Nor formation of chronic radiation ulcers on operated shins was observed.