全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5301篇 |
免费 | 600篇 |
国内免费 | 168篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 55篇 |
儿科学 | 218篇 |
妇产科学 | 135篇 |
基础医学 | 105篇 |
口腔科学 | 78篇 |
临床医学 | 1217篇 |
内科学 | 1203篇 |
皮肤病学 | 113篇 |
神经病学 | 300篇 |
特种医学 | 179篇 |
外科学 | 1574篇 |
综合类 | 11篇 |
预防医学 | 306篇 |
眼科学 | 325篇 |
药学 | 35篇 |
肿瘤学 | 215篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 106篇 |
2021年 | 61篇 |
2020年 | 95篇 |
2019年 | 40篇 |
2018年 | 124篇 |
2017年 | 170篇 |
2016年 | 180篇 |
2015年 | 134篇 |
2014年 | 220篇 |
2013年 | 293篇 |
2012年 | 85篇 |
2011年 | 105篇 |
2010年 | 223篇 |
2009年 | 332篇 |
2008年 | 111篇 |
2007年 | 56篇 |
2006年 | 94篇 |
2005年 | 63篇 |
2003年 | 39篇 |
2002年 | 35篇 |
2001年 | 102篇 |
2000年 | 65篇 |
1999年 | 127篇 |
1998年 | 175篇 |
1997年 | 199篇 |
1996年 | 301篇 |
1995年 | 254篇 |
1994年 | 195篇 |
1993年 | 115篇 |
1992年 | 121篇 |
1991年 | 134篇 |
1990年 | 65篇 |
1989年 | 129篇 |
1988年 | 101篇 |
1987年 | 78篇 |
1986年 | 100篇 |
1985年 | 83篇 |
1984年 | 87篇 |
1983年 | 74篇 |
1982年 | 66篇 |
1981年 | 62篇 |
1980年 | 80篇 |
1979年 | 39篇 |
1978年 | 59篇 |
1977年 | 42篇 |
1976年 | 43篇 |
1975年 | 45篇 |
1972年 | 36篇 |
1964年 | 49篇 |
1963年 | 47篇 |
排序方式: 共有6069条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Tracy Roberts BSc MPhil RGN Stirling Bryan BSc MSc Chris Heginbotham BSc MSc MA & Alison McCallum MB ChB MSc FFPHM 《Health expectations》1999,2(4):235-244
Background Public involvement in health care decision making and priority setting in the UK is being promoted by recent policy initiatives. In 1993, the British Medical Association called for public consultation where rationing of services was to be undertaken. The approach to priority setting advocated by many health economists is the maximization of quality adjusted life years (QALYs). Typically, for a particular health care programme, the QALY calculation takes account of four features: (1) the number of patients receiving the programme, (2) the survival gain, (3) the gain in quality of life and, (4) the probability of treatment success. Only one feature, that relating to quality of life, is based upon public preferences. If the QALY is to be used as a tool for health care resource allocation at a societal level then it should incorporate broader societal preferences.
Methods This study used an interview-based survey of 91 members of the general public to explore whether the traditional QALY maximization model is a good predictor of public responses to health care priority setting choices.
Results and conclusions Many respondents did not choose consistently in line with a QALY maximization objective and were most influenced by quality of life concerns. There was little support for health care programmes that provided a prognostic improvement but left patients in relatively poor states of health. The level of respondent engagement in the survey exercise was not sensitive to the provision of supporting clinical information. 相似文献
Methods This study used an interview-based survey of 91 members of the general public to explore whether the traditional QALY maximization model is a good predictor of public responses to health care priority setting choices.
Results and conclusions Many respondents did not choose consistently in line with a QALY maximization objective and were most influenced by quality of life concerns. There was little support for health care programmes that provided a prognostic improvement but left patients in relatively poor states of health. The level of respondent engagement in the survey exercise was not sensitive to the provision of supporting clinical information. 相似文献
62.
J. Byrne MB BCh FRCSI J. W. Hallett Jr. MD C. F. Kollmorgen MD M. M. Gayari BS W. Davies MD FRCSC 《Annals of vascular surgery》1996,10(2):156-165
Our aim was to examine the feasibility of a totally laparoscopic insertion of a bifurcated aortofemoral bypass graft in a canine model and to compare the surgical results with those in control animals undergoing standard grafting and laparoscopic-assisted bypass procedures. Using a six-port approach, we exposed and cross clamped the aorta, tunneled a bifurcated Dacron graft, and performed an end-to-end aortic anastomosis while maintaining pneumoperitoneum by means of CO2. Proximal anastomoses were performed with 4/0 double-ended continuous Prolene sutures and distal anastomoses were performed through standard groin incisions. Total operating and aortic cross-clamp times were measured as was the total blood loss for each procedure. Clinical outcome was also documented. Eight female laboratory-bred hounds underwent successful totally laparoscopic aortobifemoral bypass grafting, eight underwent open grafting, and eight underwent laparoscopic-assisted bypass. Mean operating time was 193 minutes in the animals undergoing totally laparoscopic insertion vs. 156 minutes in the open group and 180 minutes in the laparoscopic-assisted group. Aortic cross-clamping time was also significantly longer at 87 minutes vs. 43 minutes (p < 0.001)=" in=" the=" totally=" laparoscopic=" group,=" but=" blood=" loss=" was=" less.=" all=" eight=" laparotomy=" and=" laparoscopic-assisted=" dogs=" were=" still=" alive=" with=" no=" complications=" at=" 28=" days,=" whereas=" three=" of=" the=" eight=" in=" the=" totally=" laparoscopic=" group=" showed=" evidence=" of=" temporary=" paraplegia.=" this=" experimental=" study=" demonstrates=" that=" a=" totally=" laparoscopic=" approach=" can=" be=" used=" to=" insert=" a=" bifurcated=" aortofemoral=" bypass=" with=" a=" proximal=" end-to-end=" anastomosis=" but=" currently=" does=" not=" save=" time=" and=" may=" increase=" the=" risk=" of=" neurologic=">Presented at the Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Peripheral Vascular Surgery Society, New Orleans, La., June 10, 1995. 相似文献
63.
The success of vertical gastroplasty may be jeopardized by gastric leakage or ulceration due to failure of the technique.
Reports of band erosion and staple-line leakage have led us to seek technical improvements to reduce technical failures. We
describe a modification to the technique of band placement and a manoeuvre to aid the placement of staples when the TA90 staple
gun is used. 相似文献
64.
Frydenberg HB 《Obesity surgery》1991,1(3):315-317
Many forms of gastric banding have been described and high reoperation rates reported. These can be mainly attributed to excess
vomiting associated both with and without stenosis. Reflux oesophagitis and the ‘sump’ effect may be other causes. This paper
examines the problems associated with banding leading to revisional surgery and introduces a new technique, ‘fundal supporting
suture’, to correct these problems. Preliminary results on 126 bandings without the modification and 22 with the modification
are presented. 相似文献
65.
Increased placental apoptosis in intrauterine growth restriction 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Stephen C. Smith MB ChB Philip N. Baker DM E.Malcolm Symonds MD 《American journal of obstetrics and gynecology》1997,177(6):1395-1401
OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to investigate a possible role for apoptosis in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of intrauterine growth restriction. STUDY DESIGN: Placental samples were obtained from 43 uncomplicated third-trimester pregnancies and from 26 pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction. The definition used to identify cases of intrauterine growth restriction depended on three criteria: clinical evidence of suboptimal growth, ultrasonographic evidence of deviation from an appropriate growth percentile, and individualized birth weight ratios <10th percentile. Light microscopy was used to quantify the incidence of apoptosis. Electron microscopy and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling) staining were used to confirm the occurrence of apoptosis. RESULTS: Quantification of apoptosis (medians and interquartile ranges) resulted in the following values: normal third trimester (n = 43) 0.14% of cells (0.08% to 0.20%) and intrauterine growth restriction third trimester (n = 26) 0.24% of cells (0.16% to 0.29%). The incidence of apoptosis was significantly higher in placentas from pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction compared with normal third-trimester placentas (p < 0.01, Mann Whitney U test). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that apoptosis may play a role in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of intrauterine growth restriction.(Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:401) 相似文献
66.
67.
Lee K. Koh BSc MB BS Ian C. Francis FRACO FRACS † Medduma B. Kappagoda FRACO FRACS FRCS † Michael J. Hooper FRACP † Marijan Filipic FRACO FRCPA § 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》1995,23(4):343-350
Purpose: To describe a case of multiple endocrine neoplasia type two B (MEN IIB) where ocular and systemic clinicopathological findings are correlated, in association with light and electron microscopic and immunohistochemical findings.
Methods: A 23-year-old man presented with mucosal neuromas of the lips, tongue and eyelids, a Marfanoid habitus and prominent corneal nerves. These findings led to the diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type two B. The patient subsequently developed phaeochromocytoma and metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) which led to his demise. Correlation of light and electron microscopic and immunohistochemical findings with the systemic and ocular findings is presented to emphasise the aggressiveness of MTC in MEN IIB. Clinicopathological correlation was obtained by examining the eyes post mortem.
Results and conclusions: Three new findings in MEN IIB have been established by this study. The enlarged corneal nerves can now be regarded as ganglioneuromas. Medullary thyroid carcinoma metastases were found in the choroid. Light and electron microscopic examination of the eye showed ganglioneuromas of the nerves in the limbus, trabecular meshwork, uveal tract and posterior ciliary nerves; this finding may account for the glaucoma occasionally seen in patients with MEN IIB. 相似文献
Methods: A 23-year-old man presented with mucosal neuromas of the lips, tongue and eyelids, a Marfanoid habitus and prominent corneal nerves. These findings led to the diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type two B. The patient subsequently developed phaeochromocytoma and metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) which led to his demise. Correlation of light and electron microscopic and immunohistochemical findings with the systemic and ocular findings is presented to emphasise the aggressiveness of MTC in MEN IIB. Clinicopathological correlation was obtained by examining the eyes post mortem.
Results and conclusions: Three new findings in MEN IIB have been established by this study. The enlarged corneal nerves can now be regarded as ganglioneuromas. Medullary thyroid carcinoma metastases were found in the choroid. Light and electron microscopic examination of the eye showed ganglioneuromas of the nerves in the limbus, trabecular meshwork, uveal tract and posterior ciliary nerves; this finding may account for the glaucoma occasionally seen in patients with MEN IIB. 相似文献
68.
A TEN-YEAR HOSPITAL SURVEY OF EYELID CANCER 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
IAN C. FRANCIS FRACO FRACS PETER. S. BENECKE MB BS MEDDUMA. B. KAPPAGODA FRACO FRACS 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》1984,12(2):121-127
Two hundred and four cases of malignant eyelid tumours, managed at the Concord Hospital, were reviewed. These cases spanned a ten-year period between 1973 and 1982 and all were treated surgically. The nature of each tumour was confirmed by histopathological examination. Included in this review were the site of the tumour, the tumour pathology, the surgical management, the type of surgeon involved, the ocular complications, the management of recurrences and any mortality. The importance of preventing recurrences by adequate initial surgery with frozen section control is emphasized. 相似文献
69.
Andrew A. Chang MB BS Alan Bank FRACO FRACS Ian C. Francis FRACO FRACS Medduma B. Kappagoda FRACO FRACS FRCS 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》1995,23(4):315-318
Exophthalmometry, the quantitative assessment of the position of the globe in the orbit, is a clinically useful measurement. The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of a simple exophthal-mometer that would lend itself to accurate and convenient use in clinical practice. In this study, two observers independently performed exophthalmometry on 100 eyes using the Hertel and Luedde instruments. The results were compared between instruments and between observers. There was no statistically or clinically significant difference between measurements taken with the Luedde as compared with the Hertel instrument. The Luedde exophthal-mometer has a number of advantages over the Hertel exophthalmometer, and represents a simple, inexpensive and equally reliable means of evaluating clinically the anteroposterior position of the eye in the orbit. 相似文献
70.
Sam Rowlands MRCGP DRCOG DCH Ali A Kubba MB ChB MRCOG John Guillebaud MA FRCSE FRCOG Walli Bounds SCM 《Contraception》1986,33(6):539-545
Twenty-seven women requesting postcoital contraception were randomly allocated to take an ethinylestradiol/dl-norgestrel combination or danazol. Urine specimens were assayed for luteinising hormone (LH) and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (P3G) levels from the day of the postcoital treatment to the next period. In addition, the urine samples of these recruits and 12 additional women were assayed for the Beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (B-hCG). A consistent pattern of alteration in urinary steroids was lacking, indicating a heterogenous effect on ovarian function. There was no evidence of early pregnancy in successfully treated cases. We suggest that the main mechanism of action of these drugs is at the endometrial level. 相似文献