栀子化学成分的研究

由中药梔子中分离得D-甘露醇,β-谷甾醇,二十九烷和两种尚未鉴定的色素成分。     

Malnutrition in children with chronic liver disease accepted for liver transplantation: Clinical profile and effect on outcome

The nutritional profiles of 37 children (aged 0.5-14.0 years) with chronic liver disease at the time of acceptance for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTP) have been evaluated using clinical, biochemical and body composition methods. Nutritional progress while waiting for a donor has been related to outcome, whether transplanted or not. At the time of acceptance, most children were underweight (mean standard deviation (s.d.) weight = -1.4 +/- 0.2) and stunted (mean s.d. height = -2.2 +/- 0.4), had low serum albumin (27/35) and had reduced body fat and depleted body cell mass (measured by total body potassium--mean % expected for age = 58 +/- 5%, n = 15). Mean ad libitum nutrient intake was 63 +/- 5% of recommended daily intake (RDI). Those who died while waiting (n = 8) had significantly lower mean initial s.d. weight compared with those transplanted. The overall actuarial 1 year survival of those who were transplanted (mean waiting time = 75 days) was 81% but those who were initially well nourished (s.d. weight greater than -1.0) had an actuarial 1 year survival of 100%. There were no significant differences in actuarial survival in relationship to age, type of transplant (whole liver or segmental), liver biochemistry or the presence or absence of ascites. Of the total group accepted for OLTP, whether transplanted or not, the overall 1 year survival for those who were relatively well nourished was 88% and for those undernourished (initial s.d. weight less than -1.0) was 38% (P less than 0.003). Declining nutritional status during the waiting period also adversely affected outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The Effect of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation on Permanent Pacemakers: An Experimental Study

Radiofrequency current is being investigated as an alternative to direct current shock for transcatheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias. Permanent pacemakers are known to be susceptible to high frequency electromagnetic interference. This study was performed to examine the effects of transcatheter radiofrequency ablation on permanent pacemakers in a worst-case scenario. Nineteen pulse generators representing 16 models from seven manufacturers were acutely implanted in 12 dogs to assess their function during and after ablation. Pulse generators were implanted subcutaneously in the neck and connected to a transvenous permanent pacing lead positioned in the right ventricular apex. A 6F quadripolar electrode catheter was positioned approximately 1 cm from the tip of the permanent pacing lead. Radiofrequency current from an electrosurgical unit was applied between the distal electrode of the catheter and a large diameter skin electrode placed below the left scapula. Three additional ablation sessions were performed with the catheter situated 4-5 cm from the permanent pacing lead. Each ablation consisted of 15 W of radiofrequency power, delivered for up to 30 seconds. Twelve pulse generators were falsely inhibited during radiofrequency ablation while programmed to the VVI or DDD mode, nine of which continued to be inhibited while programmed to the VOO or DOO mode. Five pulse generators paced at abnormal rates, including three examples of one pulse generator model that displayed pacemaker runaway. Runaway was observed during eight ablations, resulting in two episodes of ventricular fibrillation. Eleven pulse generators reverted to noise mode behavior during ablation. Only three pulse generators were unaffected during ablation. No reprogramming or pacing system malfunctions were observed after cessation of radiofrequency current application or during ablations greater than 4 cm from the permanent lead.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Postchemotherapy retroperitoneal residual mass in infantile yolk sac tumor

BACKGROUND: Persistent postchemotherapy retroperitoneal residual mass with normalization of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in infantile yolk sac tumor is rare. METHODS/RESULTS: A 38-month-old boy with recurrent yolk sac tumor was treated with cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. After chemotherapy, the retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis, 7 x 6 cm in size, decreased to 2 x 2 cm. Serum AFP levels returned to normal. The retroperitoneal residual mass was resected and histologically showed complete necrosis without viable cancer cells. CONCLUSION: The patient has remained free of disease for 36 months after operation.     

健康视角下国内外近25年宫颈癌筛查之研究和分析

目的 阐明健康视角下宫颈癌筛查在国内外的研究现状,为逐步深入提供科学依据。方法 以CNKI核心期刊库、Web of Science^TM核心合集数据库为基础,采用文献计量法,从历年分布、作者、研究方向、投稿四个维度勾勒出国内外1990-2014年宫颈癌筛查议题在健康视角下的研究脉络。结果 近几年该研究持续发展,国内上升趋势稳定;国内外高产作者较少,地区分布不平衡,科研力量的机构分布差异明显;除宫颈癌筛查的知识-态度-行为研究外,国内侧重研究其结果和技术,国外则倾向研究其影响因素、管理与促进;投稿期刊均以医学类为主,但国外已同其它学科进行交叉研究。结论 国内外均迈入发展阶段,我国在研究深度与广度、学科交叉和各界关注方面有待提升。     

Peripheral intervention before bypass surgery in the elderly: feasible and effective,but is it necessary?

In this issue of the Journal of Geriatric Cardiology,Rigatelli and colleagues tackled the issue of concomitant noncoronary atherosclerosis among elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery.1 Ilio-femoral disease, renal artery stenosis, carotid stenosis, and even disease of supra-aortic vessels may variously impact the patient‘s recovery from surgery. Also, the fact that involvement of two or more arterial beds are more common among the elderly makes this article all the more relevant at this time.……     

人类偏肺病毒研究概况

人偏肺病毒(HMPV)是2001年发现的呼吸道感染病毒,属于副黏液病科。HMPV感染主要发生在冬春季,各年龄阶段的人群都可受到感染,尤其是儿童、老年人和免疫缺陷患者。世界各国报道其感染率不尽相同,感染症状可从轻微的上呼吸道病变到严重的细支气管炎和肺炎。逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术是检测HMPV的主要手段,且荧光定量RT-PCR技术已经成为当前研究的常用方法。     

Exercise-induced decreases in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+–ATPase activity attenuated by high-resistance training

Muscle biopsies were performed on the vastus lateralis muscle prior to and during a high-resistance training (HRT) programme in order to examine the effects of hypertrophy on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ ATPase activity at rest and during exercise. In six male untrained volunteers (peak aerobic power, V˙O ₂ peak = 3.39 ± 0.13 L min^?1, mean ± SE), the resting Ca²⁺ ATPase activity (μmol min^?1 g wet wt^?1) at 0 (4.89 ± 0.20), 4 (5.62 ± 0.56), 7 (5.15 ± 0.41) and 12 (4.82 ± 0.11) weeks was unchanged by HRT. During cycle ergometer exercise, prior to training, Ca²⁺-ATPase was reduced (P < 0.05) by 14% during the initial 30 min at 58% VO ₂ peak and (P < 0.05) a further 19% during 30 min at 72% VO ₂ peak. Following 7 and 12 weeks of training, the decreases in SR Ca²⁺-ATPase were less pronounced (P < 0.05). These results indicate that muscle hypertrophy, although incapable of altering Ca²⁺-ATPase pump activity at rest, can attenuate the decrease observed in exercise by mechanism(s) as yet unknown.