Study on prevalence and genotype of hepatitis E virus isolated from Rex Rabbits in Beijing,China

Summary. A novel genotype of hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolated from rabbits is reported. The aim of this study was to confirm and further investigate the prevalence of the novel HEV genotype in rabbits in China. Sera and faecal samples were collected from farmed rex rabbits in Beijing, China. All serum samples were tested for anti‐HEV antibody by EIA. Both the serum and the faecal samples were evaluated for detection of HEV RNA using a nested RT‐PCR assay. The nucleotide sequences of rabbit HEV were then analysed, and sequence homology of rabbit HEV compared against human HEV genotypes 1–4, and avian HEV. Results: The prevalence of positive serum anti‐HEV from rex rabbits was 54.62% (65/119). The detection rate of HEV RNA using ORF2 primers was 6.96% (8/115) amongst rabbit faecal samples. All eight amplicons shared 98.3–100% nucleotide homology with each other and had identities of 75.8–78.6%, 73.9–75.0%, 77.5–81.0%, 74.2–78.6% and 54.8–57.6% with the corresponding regions of genotypes 1–4 and avian HEV, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the eight sequences formed one individual branch and were on the same branch with GDC9 and GDC46, both of which were reported to be a novel genotype of HEV isolated from rabbits. The conclusion is that this study provides further information about HEV infecting rabbits, which may be a new animal host of HEV, as well as genetical evidence of a new mammalian genotype of HEV.     

Kinetics of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Neutralizing and Virus-Specific Antibodies after Primary Infection with EBV

Prospective studies of antibodies to multiple Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) proteins and EBV neutralizing antibodies in the same individuals before, during, and after primary EBV infection have not been reported. We studied antibody responses to EBV in college students who acquired primary EBV infection during prospective surveillance and correlated the kinetics of antibody response with the severity of disease. Neutralizing antibodies and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibodies to gp350, the major target of neutralizing antibody, reached peak levels at medians of 179 and 333 days after the onset of symptoms of infectious mononucleosis, respectively. No clear correlation was found between the severity of the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis and the peak levels of antibody to individual viral proteins or to neutralizing antibody. In summary, we found that titers of neutralizing antibody and antibodies to multiple EBV proteins increase over many months after primary infection with EBV.     

Impact of Myocardial Acceleration during Isovolumic Contraction in Evaluating Subclinical Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Aim: In diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, left ventricular dysfunction is widely evaluated and established by conventional diagnostic methods, whereas right ventricular (RV) function is not as sufficiently evaluated. The aim of this study is to assess the preclinical effects of DM on RV function by using novel Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI)‐derived indices. Methods: The study included 96 patients with type II DM [60 with DM only and 36 patients with coexisting DM and hypertension (DMHT)] and 40 healthy controls. Conventional parameters and TDI‐derived systolic velocities of tricuspid annulus [isovolumic myocardial acceleration (IVA), peak myocardial velocity during isovolumic contraction (IVV), peak systolic velocity during ejection period (Sa), RV Tei index] were measured. Results: TDI‐derived RV IVA was significantly lower in both DM and DMHT patients compared to controls indicating subclinical impairment in RV systolic function in the study patients (P = 0,0001). However RV IVA was similar in DM and DMHT subgroup supporting RV systolic impairment in DM was independent from HT. In correlation analysis, RV IVA was significantly correlated with the existence of diabetic nephropathy (r =?0,38; P = 0,003), retinopathy (r =?0,35; P = 0,006), insulin resistance (r =?0,52; P = 0,0001). Conclusions: Diabetes is associated with subclinical RV systolic dysfunction, regardless of coexisting hypertension. Tissue Doppler‐derived IVA; is a novel, non‐invasive parameter which may be used in early detection of RV systolic dysfunction in patients with DM. (Echocardiography 2010;27:1211‐1218)     

HPLC法同时测定扑麻滴鼻液中2成分的含量

目的:建立同时测定扑麻滴鼻液中盐酸麻黄碱和马来酸氯苯那敏含量的HPLC方法。方法:采用:PurospherSTAR RP18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以磷酸盐缓冲液(p H 3.0±0.1)-乙腈(82∶18)为流动相,流速为1.0 ml·min-1,在210nm波长处同时检测盐酸麻黄碱和马来酸氯苯那敏,柱温35℃,进样量20μl。结果:盐酸麻黄碱和马来酸氯苯那敏分别在19.81~118.85μg·ml-1和6.21~37.25μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性关系良好,r分别为0.999 6和0.999 8。平均回收率分别为100.39%(RSD=0.69%,n=9)和100.11%(RSD=0.60%,n=9)。结论:该方法快速简便、重复性、准确性好,可用于该制剂中盐酸麻黄碱和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量测定。     

Effectiveness and safety of reduced-port laparoscopic surgery vs conventional multi-port laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of gastric diseases: A meta-analysis

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of reduced-port laparoscopic surgery (RPLS) and conventional multi-port laparoscopic (CMPLS) surgery in the treatment of gastric diseases.The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Chinese Biomedical Literature databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case control studies on the use of RPLS vs conventional multi-port laparoscopic surgery in treating gastric diseases from their inception until March 10, 2019. The evaluated outcomes were the operative time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, number of dissected lymph nodes, postoperative complications, and conversions. All of these were compared using Stata software version 12.0.A total of 18 studies were included, which involved 2938 patients. In studies referring to the comparison between RPLS and CMPLS in treating gastric diseases, the former showed significantly inferior in terms of operative time (P = .011) and number of dissected lymph nodes (P = .031); but superior results in terms of the estimated blood loss (P = .000) and length of hospital stay (P = .001) than the latter did; however, the rates of postoperative complications (P = .830) and conversions (P = .102) were not statistically significant between the 2 groups.RPLS and CMPLS showed comparable effectiveness and safety in the treatment of gastric diseases in our meta-analysis. Based on the current evidence, we believe that RPLS is an efficacious surgical alternative to CMPLS in the management of gastric diseases because of the shorter hospital stay and reduced blood loss. However, large-scale, well-designed, multicenter studies are needed to further confirm the results of this study.     

Learning and memory impairment induced by 1,4-butanediol is regulated by ERK1/2-CREB-BDNF signaling pathways in PC12 cells

Metabolic Brain Disease - 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) is a known γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) precursor which affects the nervous system after ingestion, leading to uncontrolled behavioral...     

10月龄APP/PS1双转基因AD小鼠海马超微结构特征的观察

目的:观察APP/PS1双转基因小鼠海马内Aβ沉积的形态特征。方法:以10月龄雄性APP/PS1双转基因小鼠和C57BL/6小鼠为研究对象,采用Aβ免疫组化和透射电镜技术,观察海马部位Aβ的沉积情况及相关的病理特征。结果:在双转基因小鼠海马内存在致密性神经炎性斑块及营养障碍性突起,但脑微血管壁的Aβ沉积不甚明显;营养障碍性突起及神经细胞、微血管内皮细胞、周细胞内存在大量的自噬泡及次级溶酶体,提示该模型存在自噬溶酶体途径功能紊乱。结论:该鼠模拟了AD的老年斑及相关退行性变等病理改变,其中可能伴有细胞多种代谢的变化及血脑屏障功能的变化。从老年斑角度而言,该动物是成功的阿尔茨海默病动物模型,可用于AD的生化、病理研究及新治疗方法的探索。     

Historically‐informed nursing: A transnational case study in China

The term ‘nurse’ (hushi—’caring scholar’) did not enter the Chinese language until the early 20th century. Modern nursing—a fundamentally Western notion popularized by Nightingale and introduced to China in 1884—profoundly changed the way care of the sick was practiced. For 65 years, until 1949, nursing developed in China as a transnational project, with Western and Chinese influences shaping the profession of nursing in ways that linger today. Co‐authored by Chinese, Canadian, and American nurses, this paper examines the early stages of nursing in one province of China as an exemplar of the transnational nature of nursing development. By identifying sociopolitical influences on the early development of nursing in Shandong, the authors aimed not only to contribute to the nascent body of knowledge on China nursing history, but also to heighten readers’ sensitivity to the existence of historical echoes, residue, and resonances in their own nursing practices. Tracing current issues, values, or practices back to their roots provides context and helps us to better understand the present. Whether we are aware of the details or not, the gestalt of nursing practice in a particular place has been shaped by its history—including in Shandong province in China.