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51.
52.
Vitamin A and vitamin E replacement in abetalipoproteinemia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J G Bieri J M Hoeg E J Schaefer L A Zech H B Brewer 《Annals of internal medicine》1984,100(2):238-239
53.
Brewer HB Remaley AT Neufeld EB Basso F Joyce C 《Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology》2004,24(10):1755-1760
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) protect against cardiovascular disease. HDL removes and transports excess cholesterol from peripheral cells to the liver for removal from the body. HDL also protects low-density lipoproteins (LDL) from oxidation and inhibits expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells, preventing monocyte movement into the vessel wall. The ABCA1 transporter regulates intracellular cholesterol levels in the liver and in peripheral cells by effluxing excess cholesterol to lipid-poor apoA-I to form nascent HDL, which is converted to mature alpha-HDL by esterification of cholesterol to cholesteryl esters (CE) by lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase. The hepatic ABCA1 transporter and apoA-I are major determinants of levels of plasma alpha-HDL cholesterol as well as poorly lipidated apoA-I, which interact with ABCA1 transporters on peripheral cells in the process of reverse cholesterol transport. Cholesterol in HDL is transported directly back to the liver by HDL or after transfer of CE by the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) by the apoB lipoproteins. Current approaches to increasing HDL to determine the efficacy of HDL in reducing atherosclerosis involve acute HDL therapy with infusions of apoA-I or apoA-I mimetic peptides and chronic long-term therapy with selective agents to increase HDL, including CETP inhibitors. 相似文献
54.
Human Parathyroid Hormone: Amino-Acid Sequence of the Amino-Terminal Residues 1-34 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6 下载免费PDF全文
H. B. Brewer Jr. T. Fairwell R. Ronan G. W. Sizemore C. D. Arnaud 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1972,69(12):3585-3588
Human parathyroid hormone has been isolated in highly purified form from human parathyroid adenomas. The primary sequence of the amino-terminal 34 residues of the human hormone was obtained by automated degradation with a Beckman Sequencer. The phenylthiohydantoin amino acids were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The first 34 residues of human parathyroid hormone differ from the bovine hormone by six residues, and from the porcine hormone by five residues. The amino-terminal residue is serine, similar to the porcine parathyroid hormone; bovine parathyroid hormone contains an amino-terminal alanine. Human parathyroid hormone contains two methionine residues, similar to the bovine species, whereas porcine parathyroid hormone contains a single methionine residue. Amino-acid residues in the first 34 that are unique to the human sequence include an asparagine at position 16, glutamine at position 22, lysine at position 28, and a leucine at position 30. 相似文献
55.
Humans and rats poisoned with sarin develop chronic neurological disabilities that are not prevented with standardized antidotal therapy. We hypothesized that rats poisoned with the sarin analogue diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) and resuscitated with atropine and pralidoxime would have long-term memory deficits that were preventable with naltrexone treatment. Long Evans rats (250–275 g) were randomized to: DFP (N = 8): single subcutaneous (SC) injection of DFP (5 mg/kg). Treatment (N = 9): DFP (5 mg/kg) followed by chronic naltrexone (5 mg/kg/day × 12 weeks). Control (N = 12): single SC injection of isopropyl alcohol, (DFP vehicle) followed by chronic naltrexone (5 mg/kg/day). If toxicity developed after injection, antidotal therapy was initiated with atropine (2 mg/kg) and pralidoxime (25 mg/kg) and repeated as needed. After 12 weeks, rats underwent testing for place learning (acquisition) across 5 days of training using the Morris Water Maze. On day 6 a memory retention test was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Rats receiving DFP rapidly developed toxicity requiring antidotal rescue. No differences in acquisition were seen between the DFP vs. DFP + naltrexone rats. During memory testing, DFP-poisoned rats spent significantly less time (29.4 ± 2.11 versus 38.5 ± 2.5 s, p < 0.05) and traveled less distance (267 ± 24.6 versus 370 ± 27.5 cm, p < 0.05) in the target quadrant compared to the treatment group. Treatment rats performed as well as control rats (p > 0.05) on the test for memory retention. Poisoning with DFP induced impaired memory retention. Deficits were not prevented by acute rescue with atropine and pralidoxime. Chronic naltrexone treatment led to preserved memory after DFP poisoning. 相似文献
56.
Christine T. Kovner Maja Djukic Jin Jun Jason Fletcher Farida K. Fatehi Carol S. Brewer 《Nursing outlook》2018,66(2):160-167
Background
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, The Future of Nursing, included recommendations to increase nurse diversity, the percent of nurses obtaining a bachelor’s degree, and inter-professional education.Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report the progress toward achievement of these recommendations.Methods
We used a longitudinal, multi-state data from four cohorts of nurses newly licensed in 2004 to 2005, 2007 to 2008, 2010 to 2011, and 2014 to 2015 to examine and compare the trends.Finding
The percentage of males who became licensed increased, from 8.8% in 2004 to 2005 cohort to 13.6% in the 2014 to 2015 cohort. The percentage of white-non-Hispanic nurses who were licensed decreased from 78.9% in 2007 to 2008 to 73.8% in 2014 to 2015. These differences primarily reflect an increase in white-Hispanic nurses. More nurses are obtaining a bachelor’s degree as their first professional degree, from 36.6% in 2004 to 2005 cohort to 48.5% in 2014 to 2015 cohort. About 40% of the 2014 to 2015 cohort reported that they learned to work in inter-professional teams. Collegial nurse-physician relations had an upward positive trajectory over time increasing almost 7%.Discussion
The diversity and education of new nurses have increased, but are short of meeting the IOM recommendations. 相似文献57.
A study of classification criteria for a diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis 总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29
J T Cassidy J E Levinson J C Bass J Baum E J Brewer C W Fink V Hanson J C Jacobs A T Masi J G Schaller 《Arthritis and rheumatism》1986,29(2):274-281
Criteria for the classification of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis were analyzed in a detailed database of 250 children in order to assess the accuracy of diagnosis and validity of onset types and course subtypes. A number of conclusions have been derived from this study: All definitions of the 1973 criteria for classification of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis should be retained. The addition of onset types to the 1976 revision of the criteria has been validated. The course of the disease after the onset period of 6 months is as important to the outcome of a group of children as is the onset type. The current classification should be broadened to include the course subtypes. 相似文献
58.
Nucleotide sequence and the encoded amino acids of human apolipoprotein A-I mRNA. 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5 下载免费PDF全文
S W Law H B Brewer Jr 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1984,81(1):66-70
The cDNA clones encoding the precursor form of human liver apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), preproapoA-I, have been isolated from a cDNA library. A 17-base synthetic oligonucleotide based on residues 108-113 of apoA-I and a 26-base primer-extended, dideoxynucleotide-terminated cDNA were used as hybridization probes to select for recombinant plasmids bearing the apoA-I sequence. The complete nucleic acid sequence of human liver preproapoA-I has been determined by analysis of the cloned cDNA. The sequence is composed of 801 nucleotides encoding 267 amino acid residues. PreproapoA-I contains an 18-amino-acid prepeptide and a 6-amino-acid propeptide connected to the amino terminus of the 243-amino acid mature apoA-I. Southern blotting analysis of chromosomal DNA obtained from peripheral blood indicated the apoA-I gene is contained in a 2.1-kilobase-pair Pst I fragment and there is no gross difference in structural organization between the normal apoA-I gene and the Tangier disease apoA-I gene. 相似文献
59.
Acquired deficit of forebrain glucocorticoid receptor produces depression-like changes in adrenal axis regulation and behavior 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14 下载免费PDF全文
Boyle MP Brewer JA Funatsu M Wozniak DF Tsien JZ Izumi Y Muglia LJ 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2005,102(2):473-478
Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a hallmark of major depressive disorder. A number of studies have shown that this dysregulation is correlated with impaired forebrain glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function. To determine whether a primary, acquired deficit in forebrain GR signaling is an etiologic factor in the pathogenesis of depression, we generated a line of mice with time-dependent, forebrain-specific disruption of GR (FBGRKO). These mice develop a number of both physiological and behavioral abnormalities that mimic major depressive disorder in humans, including hyperactivity of the HPA axis, impaired negative feedback regulation of the HPA axis and, increased depression-like behavior. Importantly, a number of these abnormalities are normalized by chronic treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant, imipramine. Our findings suggest that imipramine's proposed activities on forebrain GR function are not essential for its antidepressant effects, and that alteration in GR expression may play a causative role in disease onset of major depressive disorder. 相似文献
60.
H B Brewer T Fairwell W Rittel T Littledike C D Arnaud 《The American journal of medicine》1974,56(6):759-766
The amino acid sequence of the NH2-terminal 34 residues of human parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been determined and duplicated synthetically to produce a peptide that is biologically active. In the amino acid sequences of the bovine and porcine hormones, the glutamic acid function at position 22 has been revised to glutamine. Among these initial 34 residues, human PTH differs from bovine PTH by 5 residues and from porcine PTH by 4 residues. Native human PTH and the synthetic human PTH (1–34) peptide are not rigid structures, and significant changes in conformation were observed during pH titration. In addition, at physiologic pH, native human PTH appeared to differ in structure from human PTH (1–34) in the region of the tryptophan residue (residue 23). The fluorescence spectrum of human PTH revealed a maximum at 344 nm, but the spectrum of human PTH (1–34) had a peak at 343 nm; the spectrum of human PTH (1–34) was normalized to 346 nm in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride, but there was no shift with the intact hormone. Fluorescence titration of human PTH in the alkaline region revealed no loss of tryptophanyl fluorescence in aqueous solution or in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. The synthetic human PTH (1–34) peptide, however, showed an approximately 25 per cent loss of indole fluorescence during alkaline titration which could be normalized with denaturing reagents. These studies suggest that synthetic fragments of the native hormone may not have the same tertiary conformation as the same sequence in the intact hormone. These findings may be of major significance with regard to the biologic activity and immunologic cross reactivity of synthetic fragments and the native hormone. 相似文献