Diagnostische Klassifikationsg��te von Kurzversionen des Tinnitus-Fragebogens

Background

There are different abridged versions of the tinnitus questionnaire (TQ) and reference values for grading tinnitus-related distress, the diagnostic value of which is unclear, as is the relation of sensitivity to specificity, as well as positive and negative predictive values. The present study is aimed at clarifying these issues and at benchmarking the existing abridged TQ versions.

Patients and methods

TQ data from 209 outpatients who had tinnitus for a period of at least 4?months were collected at the beginning of treatment. The rate of correct severity ratings, the quality of making a distinction between (extremely) severe and compensated/moderate tinnitus (area-under curve under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve, and rate of correct classifications), as well as positive and negative predictive values were calculated.

Results

Applying unspecific reference values (independent of inpatient/outpatient status), the most favourable evaluation was achieved by the shortest TQ version (10 items). With the 12-item version (mini-TQ), better classification was achieved when reference values specific for outpatients were applied instead of unspecific values.     

Virilisierendes Ganglioneurom der Nebenniere

Testosterone secreting tumours of the adrenal glands are usually adrenal carcinomas or adenomas. Here we report the rare case of an adrenal ganglioneuroma with ectopic Leydig cells, a so-called virilizing adrenal ganglioneuroma. Clinically it is characterized by symptoms of virilization, histologically by the occurrence of a population of eosinophilic cells. In the absence of crystalloids of Reinke this cell population can be identified as Leydig cells based on positive immunohistochemical staining of inhibin and calretinin.     

Different types of scaffolds for reconstruction of the urinary tract by tissue engineering

INTRODUCTION: Tissue engineering is an important and expanding field in reconstructive surgery. The ideal biomaterial for urologic tissue engineering should be biodegradable and support autologous cell growth. We examined different scaffolds to select the ideal material for the reconstruction of the bladder wall by tissue engineering. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We seeded mouse fibroblasts and human keratinocytes in a co-culture model on 13 different scaffolds. The cell-seeded scaffolds were fixed and processed for electron microscopy, hematoxylin and eosin stain, and immunohistochemistry. Cell density and epithelial cell layers were evaluated utilizing a computer-assisted optical measurement system. RESULTS: Depending on the growth pattern, scaffolds were classified into the following three distinct scaffold types: carrier-type scaffolds with very small pore sizes and no ingrowth of the cells. This scaffold type induces a well-differentiated epithelium. Fleece-type scaffolds with fibers and huge pores. We found cellular growth inside the scaffold but no epithelium on top of it. Sponge-type scaffolds with pores between 20 and 40 microm. Cellular growth was observed inside the scaffold and well-differentiated epithelium on top of it. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first time three distinct scaffold types have been reported. All types supported the cell growth. The structure of the scaffolds affects the pattern of cell growth.     

Ablenkungs- und Entspannungstraining bei akutem Tinnitus

Background

We examined whether training conceptualized as a complement to standard medical treatment (ST) for acute tinnitus to promote patients’ capacity to distract attention from their tinnitus and to relax (distraction and relaxation training) has a positive effect on tinnitus-specific distress (tinnitus loudness, tinnitus-related distress and disability), as well as on general well-being.

Patients and methods

Study participants comprised 29 patients with tinnitus of maximum 4 weeks’ standing (first lifetime tinnitus episode) who were randomized to ST (rheological therapy) or advanced standard treatment (AST) (rheological therapy complemented by distraction and relaxation training).

Results

Tinnitus-specific distress was reduced to a significantly greater extent in the EST group as compared to ST, especially in patients with a striking psychopathology. The improvement in general well-being was comparable in both groups.

Conclusion

In acute tinnitus, distraction and relaxation training should be conducted as a complement to standard medical treatment, especially in high-risk patients demonstrating abnormal psychopathological status, since treatment results can be improved in this way.     

Monoclonal antibodies selectively directed against the cell wall surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

In the last few years several monoclonal antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been described, but their use as diagnostic tools has been limited. In this study we describe eight monoclonal antibodies against M. tuberculosis for diagnostic purposes. The monoclonal antibodies were selected after enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay screening with whole bacterial suspensions of mycobacteria and other bacterial species. Four monoclonal antibodies (BS100, BS101, BS102, and BS104) reacted with a whole bacterial suspension of M. tuberculosis but not with the other mycobacteria. When tested with a cytoplasmic fraction of mycobacteria the same monoclonal antibodies showed a broad cross-reactivity. Therefore the monoclonal antibodies showed not specific but selective binding to M. tuberculosis. The molecular size of the recognized antigens ranged from 12 to 71 kilodaltons as determined by the immunoblotting technique. The ability to differentiate M. tuberculosis from mycobacteria other than tuberculosis was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with 131 freshly cultured strains of M. tuberculosis from patients and 36 strains of mycobacteria other than tuberculosis. The monoclonal antibody BS104 could clearly distinguish between M. tuberculosis and other mycobacterial species.