Study on the grain size control of metatitanic acid in a mixture acid system based on Arrhenius and Boltzmann fitting

Herein, to control the particle size of metatitanic acid produced via titanium thermal hydrolysis in sulfuric–chloric mixture acid (SCMA) solutions, the relationship between its grain size and hydrolysis parameters is discussed, and the corresponding mathematical model was established using the experimental data. Firstly, Ti(OH)(SO₄)(Cl)(H₂O)₃ was selected as the most likely initial structure in the SCMA solution by comparing the experimental and corresponding simulated Raman spectra by density functional theory (DFT). Secondly, according to the predicted initial structure of TiO²⁺ and the experimental data for the hydrolysis process, with an increase in the concentration of TiO²⁺ and reaction temperature, the hydrolysis rate and grain size increased, while the agglomerate particle size decreased. Finally, a mathematic model was established and fitted by the Arrhenius equation and the Boltzmann distribution to describe the relationship between the grain size and hydrolysis parameters, as follows:

Herein, to control the particle size of metatitanic acid produced via titanium thermal hydrolysis in sulfuric–chloric acid (SCMA) solutions, the relationship between its grain size and hydrolysis parameters are discussed, and the corresponding methematical model is discussed using the experimental data.     

Improving the toughness of thermosetting epoxy resins via blending triblock copolymers

In this study, the triblock copolymer poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(butyl acrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (MAM) was used to modify bisphenol A epoxy resin to improve its toughness. The effects of MAM on the curing behaviors, mechanical properties, fracture morphology and thermal properties of epoxy were carefully studied. The results of dissolution experiments show that MAM has good compatibility with epoxy resin under certain conditions. FT-IR and DSC analyses show that adding MAM to epoxy hinders the curing reaction of epoxy resin, without participating in the curing reaction and changing the curing mechanism. The mechanical properties indicated by K_IC and impact strength with an MAM content of 10 phr for the toughened system increase by 91.5% and 83.5%, respectively, compared to the situation without MAM, which may ascribed to the nanoparticles formed during the process of MAM/epoxy blending. In the curing process of an epoxy resin, the typical phase structure that occurs through the self-assembly process can be clearly observed in the MAM/epoxy blends. As the MAM content increases, the amount of nanoparticles gradually increases. This work further confirms that the toughness of the composite material was enhanced to a large extent without significantly decreasing the glass transition temperature of the blends.

In this study, the triblock copolymer poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(butyl acrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (MAM) was used to modify bisphenol A epoxy resin to improve its toughness.     

Study on the dynamic characteristics of soft soil

Soft soil is a special type of under-consolidated soil widely distributed in coastal areas of China. In recent years, with the rapid development of Tianjin, an increasing number of public and civil buildings have been built on soft soil. Soft soil poses an imperceptible risk to the safety of buildings in the area. This paper statistically analyzes the physical and dynamic properties of soft soil in Tianjin, and gives the corresponding range values. The results are as follows. (1) Except for the liquidity index, there is a certain correlation between other physical properties; (2) analyzed by experiment, the effects of consolidation time, consolidation ratio, and effective confining pressure on the dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio of soft soil are given. (3) A model of the relationship between shear wave velocity and burial depth of clay and silty clay in the region is given. (4) The influence of different kinetic parameters on the design response spectrum is analyzed. The work described in this article is valuable for workers engaged in soft soil research.

Soft soil is a special type of under-consolidated soil widely distributed in coastal areas of China.     

中医外治法治疗癫痫的研究进展及思考

癫痫为目前临床中的多发病及常见病,是最常见的脑部疾病之一,临床以抽搐、感觉行为异常、意识丧失等为主要表现。本病任何年龄阶段均可发病,其中以青少年及儿童为主。癫痫因其发病病因复杂,临床症状多样,故在临床中有反复发作性、难治性等特点,严重影响患者的生命质量及身心健康。中医外治法是指采用针刺、艾灸、穴位埋线等方法进行治疗,具有绿色、不良反应少及疗效显著等优势,现已被广泛应用于癫痫的治疗中。     

不同栽培密度对茵陈生长及药材质量的影响

[目的]考察不同栽培密度对茵陈产量及其主要功效成分合成累积的影响,确定适宜的栽培密度,以提高药材品质。[方法]设置8组不同栽培密度的试验田,分别为15 cm×20 cm(M1)、15 cm×25 cm(M2)、15 cm×30 cm(M3)、20 cm×20 cm(M4)、20 cm×30 cm(M5)、25 cm×20 cm(M6)、25 cm×25 cm(M7)、25 cm×30 cm(M8)。基于不同采收期进行采收,测定生长指标及主要成分含量,并进行主成分分析。[结果]随着栽培密度的减小,茵陈株高、叶柄长度和单株鲜质量逐渐增长,分枝数增加,成活率、茎粗和小区产量呈现先增加后减小的趋势,但茵陈叶长、叶宽无明显变化规律。随着栽培密度的减小,茵陈药材中挥发油含量逐渐增加,总黄酮、绿原酸、咖啡酸及3,5-O二咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,且不同栽培密度条件下的茵陈药材绿原酸含量均符合《中华人民共和国药典》限量标准。基于茵陈产量和药效成分含量信息,综合主成分分析对结果进行评价,推荐茵陈的最佳栽培密度为25 cm×20 cm(M6)。[结论]适宜的栽培密度能够有效提高茵陈的产量和...     

脑部环形强化病灶的磁共振波谱分析

目的:探讨二维化学位移成像氢质子磁共振波谱(2D CSI1H-MRS)对脑内环形强化病变的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析经临床诊断和(或)手术病理证实的62例脑内环形强化病变的MRS及MRI表现,包括胶质瘤20例、转移瘤18例、脑部炎性病变16例、放射性损伤8例.比较4组乳酸(Lac)峰出现率,计算增强区及增强区内部的胆碱(Cho)、N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、肌酐(Cr)的浓度及NAA/Cho、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr比值.结果:(1)4组病变的Lac峰出现率无明显差异.(2)胶质瘤、转移瘤、炎性病变、放射性损伤的NAA/Cho分别为0.43±0.32、0.69±0.29、1.26±0.53、0.63±0.34,胶质瘤显著低于其他3组病变(P＜0.05);当取NAA/Cho＜0.4时,MRS区分胶质瘤的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV)分别为80.2%、77.4%、71.5%、89.4%,均高于MRI,两种方法联合使用时各项指标均提高.(3)4组病变的Cr浓度分别为0.17±0.05、0.10±0.05、0.21±0.08、0.21±0.09,转移瘤显著低于其他3组病变(P＜0.05);当取Cr＜0.06时,MRS区分转移瘤的灵敏度、特异度、PPV、NPV分别为81.3%、81.9%、74.1%、90.1%,均高于MRI,两种方法联合使用时各项指标均提高.结论:2DCSI1H-MRS在脑内环形病变的鉴别诊断上有重要价值,两种方法联合使用诊断价值更高.     

IgH和IgL引物联合检测对提高石蜡组织淋巴瘤基因重排检出率的价值

背景与目的：通过聚合酶链反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）扩增免疫球蛋白重链（immunoglobulin heavy chain,IgH）基因对其克隆性的检测,可以辅助诊断淋巴瘤。缺点是假阴性率较高,在石蜡包埋组织中尤为明显。本研究拟采用手工显微切割、免疫球蛋白重链和轻链（immunoglohulin light chain,IgL）联合测定等方式,探讨该方法在石蜡包埋组织中非霍奇金淋巴瘤（non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,NHL）诊断中的价值。方法：选用1对IgH引物、1对T细胞受体γ（Tcell receptor γ,TCRγ）、TCRγ引物、2对新设计的轻链引物,通过PCR、琼脂糖和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）及银染技术,检测经形态学及免疫组织化学确诊的58例石蜡包埋组织标本,包括39例B细胞淋巴瘤、16例T细胞淋巴瘤和3例淋巴结反应性增生组织。以DG75和Jurkat淋巴瘤细胞系DNA作为对照。结果：IgH引物P1在39例B细胞淋巴瘤检出阳性率79．5％（31／39）。假阳性率6．25％（1／16）,IgL引物在B细胞淋巴瘤检出阳性率71．8％（28／39）。假阳性率12．5％（2／16）,经统计学分析二者检出率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。二者联合检测,B细胞淋巴瘤阳性检出率可以达到92．3％,假阳性率并无明显提高（12．5％）。以上重排引物在反应性增生淋巴结组织中均未检出。结论：IgH与IgL引物联合检测可明显提高石蜡包埋组织中B细胞淋巴瘤的检出率,并为B-NHL的诊断及鉴别诊断提供了有效的辅助手段。     

基于深度学习的冠状动脉CTA自动后处理技术诊断冠心病的价值研究

目的 探讨一种基于深度学习（deep learning, DL）的冠状动脉CT血管成像（coronary computed tomography angiography, CCTA）人工智能（artificial intelligence, AI）辅助诊断系统诊断冠心病（coronary artery disease, CAD）的临床价值。 方法 回顾性分析4周内先后完成CCTA和侵入性冠状动脉血管造影（coronary angiography, CAG）检查的69例患者,共462个冠状动脉近端血管节段。比较AI辅助诊断技术和CCTA人工分析影像数据所用时间。分别在患者水平、血管节段水平评估AI和CCTA对CAD的诊断效能;在各血管节段水平对AI、CCTA诊断结果进行误差分析。 结果 AI耗时明显低于CCTA[（5.5±0.9） min vs (14.2±1.8） min]。在患者水平和总血管节段水平,AI识别显著狭窄（狭窄程度≥50%）的灵敏度分别为97.9%、79.6%,阴性预测值分别为90.9%、93.2%,准确性分别为82.6%、80.5%;CCTA识别显著狭窄的灵敏度分别为96.6%、85.9%,阴性预测值分别为81.8%、92.9%,准确性分别为94.2%、91.6%;CCTA识别显著狭窄的准确性较高,AUC分别为0.984（95%CI： 0.9591.000）、0.960（95%CI： 0.9420.977）,与CAG差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;AI识别显著狭窄有一定准确性,AUC分别为0.864（95%CI： 0.7480.979）、0.823（95%CI： 0.7800.865）,与CAG差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。在各血管节段水平,AI检测显著狭窄的准确性分别为89.9%、78.3%、92.8%、69.6%、60.9%、88.4%、85.4%。对于钙化斑块、混合斑块、非钙化斑块、心肌桥及血管解剖异常,AI分别漏诊11、20、29、7、2段,误诊7、3、5、1、5段;CCTA分别漏诊2、5、6、2、2段,误诊9、3、4、4、2段。 结论 基于DL的CCTA自动后处理技术能高效完成CCTA数据分析,有较高的CAD诊断效能,具有成为临床诊断CAD辅助工具的潜力。而人机结合可能有望进一步提高CAD的诊断效能。     

IgE and IgG Anti-Thyroid Autoantibodies in Chinese Patients With Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria and a Literature Review

Immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IgG anti-thyroid autoantibodies (AAbs) play important roles in the immunopathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). To date, association of IgE and IgG AAbs with Chinese CSU patients has not been fully investigated. We aimed to explore prevalence rates of IgE and IgG AAbs in Chinese CSU patients and their association with clinical and laboratory parameters. Serum IgE and IgG AAbs against thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (TG), total IgE (tIgE) and specific IgEs were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay and immunoblotting. Meta-analyses and literature review were conducted. The meta-analyses indicated that CSU cases were 4.98, 6.90 and 6.68 times more likely to have positive anti-TPO IgE, anti-TPO IgG and anti-TG IgG (all P < 0.001) compared with controls, respectively, and revealed a positive correlation between the prevalence rates of anti-TPO IgE and anti-TPO IgG (r = 0.53, P = 0.025). A total of 1,100 Chinese Han adult CSU patients and 1,100 ethnicity-, age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited from 15 centers. Prevalence rates of anti-TPO IgE, anti-TPO IgG, anti-TG IgE or anti-TG IgG in the patients were all significantly higher than those in the controls. Significant correlations were observed between prevalence rates of anti-TPO IgE and anti-TPO IgG (r = 0.297, P < 0.001) as well as between those of anti-TG IgE and anti-TG IgG in the patients (r = 0.137, P < 0.001). Patients with anti-TPO IgE or anti-TPO IgG had significantly lower tIgE levels (P < 0.001). Positive anti-TPO IgE, positive anti-TPO IgG and tIgE < 40 IU/mL were independent predictors of antihistamine-refractory cases. In conclusion, the prevalence rates of IgE and IgG AAbs in Chinese CSU patients are significantly elevated and reciprocally correlated. This study verifies the results of previous case-control studies of CSU patients from other populations and ethnicities.