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61.
G. Talley Holman MBA PhD Robert E. Thomas PE CPE PhD Kathleen C. Brown RN PhD 《Journal of Orthopaedic Nursing》2009,13(4):172-182
This article is one of a two part series examining the people and environment associated with patient handling. The approach used was that of an occupational injury investigation of a job class, which incorporates defining in the task, environment, tools, and worker health status. Hence, the objective of this portion of the research was to develop a method and use it to compare the physical and mental health of Alabama nurses with known normative populations to determine a baseline of overall health. For this purpose, the validated SF-36© survey was used to collect data on Alabama nurses who had been registered in the state for at least one year. The potential participant pool included 1000 nurses randomly selected from more than 49,000 registered. Physical mailers with a pre-paid return envelope and a follow-up reminder post-card were used. A return rate of 10% was expected based on nursing literature. One hundred and one surveys were returned with 87 being complete. Results confirmed that nursing in the US is a female dominated profession with the survey matching both the Alabama and US national average of 92%. Comparisons of the sample data to general populations yielded significant differences in 3 of the 8 outcome measures: social functioning; physical functioning; bodily pain. In each of these measures, Alabama nurses had a reduced health status compared to at least one comparative population. Additionally, data related to body mass index (BMI) for Alabama nurses were stratified by gender and age. Results indicated 28% had a “healthy” BMI with 37% and 35% of the nurses being “overweight” or “obese”, respectively. Consequently, results suggest Alabama nurses have a reduced health status compared to normative populations and show similar but not identical BMI trends to the general populations for the state of Alabama and the US, which warrants concerns about potential declines in health status among caregivers.
Significance to healthcare
Nurses constitute the largest proportion of the healthcare industry’s workforce. Understanding the perceptions of health status of this employee group is essential to gain further information about possible influences of health on nurses’ ability to continue to perform their jobs. 相似文献62.
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64.
Mediastinal tumors: evaluation with suprasternal sonography 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Twelve patients with mediastinal masses evaluated by computed tomography (CT) and histologically verified were evaluated sonographically by means of the suprasternal approach. Eleven of 12 mediastinal tumors could be visualized sonographically, mainly as hypoechoic and perivascularly situated masses, and could be located topographically with a fair degree of certainty. Suprasternal sonography is particularly useful in the detection of small, perivascular lymphomas of the supraaortic branches. In patients with problematic CT findings, particularly children and patients with allergies to contrast media, suprasternal sonography can provide important additional information. Moreover, suprasternal sonography can be used to determine the consistency and to monitor the treatment of mediastinal tumors. Finally, the suprasternal approach is suitable for sonographically guided biopsies of mediastinal tumors. 相似文献
65.
JE Osborne PE Hutchinson 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2002,16(4):367-373
Little attention is given to accurate dosage of topical medication which is a potential source of side-effects and treatment failure. There are studies on the dosage for 'sparing' application relevant to topical steroids but not for 'liberal' application. Though calcipotriol is a first line topical treatment for psoriasis, approximately one-third of patients do not respond adequately. The aims of the present study were to define liberal dosage, to develop a method of calculation of area of involved skin and to evaluate the efficacy of calcipotriol in optimized liberal dosages, based on preliminary studies, in calcipotriol treatment failures. Weight/unit area of ointment and cream base, constituting liberal application, was determined in six normal volunteers. The area of psoriatic involvement in 24 calcipotriol non-responders was estimated by a 'fill-up' method and a modified 'hand' method. The results of the two methods were similar (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.68, P < 0.0001) but the 'hand' method proved easier in use and was the preferred method for the rest of the study. The patients applied calcipotriol at their accustomed rates for at least 2 weeks and then at the calculated liberal rates, using cream in the morning and ointment at night, for 4 weeks. The efficacy measures were Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) (primary measure), a four-point efficacy score and a visual analogue scale. As a result of the preliminary study and the actual amounts used by the patients in the psoriasis treatment study reported below, liberal application has been defined as 50 g/m2 per application for ointment base and 40 g/m2 per application for cream. At this dosage, an average individual would use approximately 100 g of medication/week to treat 10% of the body surface. During the 4-week treatment study, the psoriasis patients used an average of 39 g (SD 17 g)/m2 per application of cream and 52 g (SD 13 g)/m2 per application of ointment. All efficacy measures showed marked improvement (P < 0.0001). The frequency distribution of the PASI reduction defined responsive (70% of patients) and poorly responsive groups (30%), with mean PASI reduction of 60% and 17%, respectively. 相似文献
66.
JOSHUA E. LANE MD EDWARD M. O''BRIEN PHD PE DAVID E. KENT MD 《Dermatologic surgery》2006,32(5):669-675
PURPOSE: Electrosurgery is routinely used in cutaneous surgery for hemostasis. Thermocautery can be used in patients with implantable cardiac devices. This technique relies on heat without electrical current passing through the patient to produce hemostasis. The temperatures and utility of a commercially available, adjustable thermocautery unit are examined. METHODOLOGY: Tip temperature of the commercially available thermocautery unit was measured in air and tissue via a type E thermocouple (0.002 in. diameter) around the unit's tip. Time intervals of 20 to 30 seconds were recorded at device settings 1 to 9 in air and 3 to 8 on surgical patients (Institutional Review Board approval obtained). RESULTS: In vitro analysis demonstrated predictable temperatures at increasing settings in air: 350 to 900 degrees C. Analysis in vivo during surgery demonstrated similar findings. Tissue contact decreased tip temperature by approximately 50% from in vitro values, and use in a bloody field caused a further decrease in the tip temperature. CONCLUSION: The thermocautery unit examined is an effective and safe unit to achieve hemostasis. In addition, the temperature may be adjusted as opposed to hand-held units that operate at in vitro temperatures exceeding 1,400 degrees F. Hemostasis at approximately 100 to 400 degrees C provided optimal hemostasis. 相似文献
67.
68.
Parsons DW; McAndrew PE; Monani UR; Mendell JR; Burghes AH; Prior TW 《Human molecular genetics》1996,5(11):1727-1732
The gene for autosomal recessive spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has been
mapped to 5q12 in a region that contains repeated markers and genes. Three
cDNAs that detect deletions in SMA patients have been reported. One of
these, the survival motor neuron (SMN) cDNA, is encoded by two genes (SMNT
and SMNC) which are distinguished by base changes in exons 7 and 8. Exon 7
of the SMNT gene is not detectable in approximately 95% of SMA cases, due
either to deletion or sequence conversion. There is limited information on
the mutations in SMA patients that have detectable SMNT, these are critical
for confirmation of SMNT as the SMA gene. Using SSCP analysis of the SMN
exons we screened our SMA patients that possess at least one intact SMNT
allele for mutations in SMNT. We identified one type I SMA patient with an
11 bp duplication in exon 6 which causes a frameshift and premature
termination of the deduced SMNT protein. Dosage and SSCP analysis of SMNT
in this family indicated that the father contributed a SMNT-deleted allele
to the affected child whereas the mother passed on the 11 bp exon 6
duplication SMNT allele. Analysis of RNA by RT-PCR conclusively
demonstrated that the 11 bp duplication is associated with the SMNT locus
and not SMNC. This mutation provides strong support for SMN as the
SMA-determining gene and indicates that disruption of SMNT on its own is
sufficient to produce a severe type I SMA phenotype.
相似文献
69.
Heterogeneity of autosomal dominant osteopetrosis 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A review of the radiographs of 26 patients with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis disclosed two distinct and strictly family-related radiographic types. Both types had universal osteosclerosis. In type 1 the most striking finding was pronounced sclerosis of the cranial vault while the spine was almost unaffected. In type 2 the sclerosis of the skull was most pronounced at the base, the vertebrae always had end-plate thickening, and in the pelvis the iliac wings contained convex arcs of sclerotic bone. Age and sex distribution did not differ between the types. Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis may be a heterogeneous group of inherited bone disorders. 相似文献
70.