消旋棉酚及其旋光异构体对小鼠乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)抑制作用的比较研究

本文用消旋棉酚及其旋光异构体比较研究了对纯化小鼠肝脏LDH-A_4,心脏LDH-B_4和睾丸LDH-C_4的抑制作用。其抑制程度与实验温度和棉酚剂量有关。37℃时的抑制作用比25℃时强得多。棉酚低浓度(1～4μM)时三种酶对同一种棉酚的反应有明显的不同,而在较高棉酚浓度(20～100μM)时棉酚对三种酶的抑制作用大体相同。对同一种酶来说,消旋棉酚,右旋棉酚和左旋棉酚对LDH的抑制作用并无差异。结论是,棉酚及其旋光异构体并不特异地抑制LDH-C_4,而在离体试验中,不能反映棉酚在体内试验中所表现的光学立体结构特异性。     

The attractions of medicine: the generic motivations of medical school applicants in relation to demography, personality and achievement

Background  

The motivational and other factors used by medical students in making their career choices for specific medical specialities have been looked at in a number of studies in the literature. There are however few studies that assess the generic factors which make medicine itself of interest to medical students and to potential medical students. This study describes a novel questionnaire that assesses the interests and attractions of different aspects of medical practice in a varied range of medical scenarios, and relates them to demographic, academic, personality and learning style measures in a large group of individuals considering applying to medical school.     

Treatment of uterine leiomyomas with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist Cetrorelix

The efficacy of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist Cetrorelix (SB-75) in the medical management of uterine leiomyomas (fibromas) was evaluated. Cetrorelix was administered to 18 pre- menopausal women with myomas with a mean age of 33.3 years, who had been candidates for hysterectomy. The initial dose of Cetrorelix was 5 mg twice daily s.c. for the first 2 days and thereafter 0.8 mg was given twice daily s.c. for at least 3 months. The mean duration of the treatment was 4.4 months. Before the therapy with Cetrorelix, the mean uterine volume, measured by ultrasonography, was 395.4 +/- 69.2 ml (range 89-1166). Sixteen patients showed a progressive reduction in uterine volume from 410.4 +/- 77.1 to a mean of 230.8 +/- 52.6 ml at 3 months. All patients became amenorrhoeic and had hot flushes. After treatment with Cetrorelix, a surgical myomectomy was performed in 12 women. One of the patients subjected to myomectomy after therapy with Cetrorelix became pregnant. These patients have been followed for up to 25 months and only in one case has the uterine volume increased after therapy. Three patients had good responses to therapy with Cetrorelix and it was decided to follow them only by observation. One patient became pregnant 2 months later. In the other patient, the uterine volume remained unchanged for the duration of the follow-up of 2 years and the third patient showed an increase after 21 months. In three patients, it was necessary to perform total hysterectomy. In 14 patients, serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and oestradiol decreased after the administration of the first dose of Cetrorelix and continued at subnormal values throughout therapy. In 15 patients who were not subjected to total hysterectomy, menstrual function returned at 1 month after cessation of treatment. Overall results support the use of Cetrorelix for the management of uterine leiomyomas.      

Identification Of Two New Pmp22 Mouse Mutants Using Large-Scale Mutagenesis And A Novel Rapid Mapping Strategy

In some alcohol-related pathologies of chronic alcoholism women are more vulnerable than men. A consecutive sample of 62 chronic alcoholics was studied, 18 females and 44 males, aged between 28 and 69 years to assess the incidence and distribution of peripheral neuropathy with regard to gender. All patients underwent clinical and neurological observations, laboratory tests, and electroneurography. Total lifetime dose of ethanol (TLDE) and other risk factors for neuropathy (disease duration, age, nutritional status) were calculated and correlated to sural nerve sensory-evoked potential (SEP) amplitude. In 42 patients (67.7%), we observed the presence of clinical and/or infraclinical neuropathy, mostly axonal, in 29 males (65.9%) and 13 females (72.2%). In women, compared to men, TLDE and disease duration were significantly inversely correlated to sural nerve SEP amplitude, i.e in women, SEP amplitude is significantly reduced in relation to TLDE and disease duration increase. These data indicate a higher sensitivity of females towards the toxic effects of ethanol, other than malnutrition, on peripheral nerve fibres.     

Neurogenesis, neuroplasticity and severe affective disorder

Reid IC. Neurogenesis, neuroplasticity and severe affective disorder. Bipolar Disord 2002: 4(Suppl. 1): 58. © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2002