预防和控制流感在养老院暴发管理的最佳证据总结

背景　目前我国流感疫苗覆盖率较低，一旦暴发将加剧医疗压力。目的　总结预防和控制流感在养老院暴发的最佳证据，以强化养老院管理者以及工作人员对流感的重视。方法　计算机检索万方数据知识服务平台（Wanfang Data）、维普网（VIP）、中国知网（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、中华人民共和国民政部官网、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Medline、Joanna Briggs Institute（JBI）循证卫生保健中心图书馆、Up to Date、Ovid数据库及美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）官网关于预防和控制养老院流感暴发的临床指南、系统评价、专家共识、队列研究、随机对照试验、横断面研究。检索时间为建库至2020-02-12。分别采用AGREE Ⅱ、AMSTAR、JBI循证卫生保健中心专家共识评价标准（2017年澳大利亚版本）、2016版JBI循证卫生保健中心队列研究评价标准、Jadad评分量表、2017版JBI循证卫生保健中心横断面研究质量评价工具进行质量评价。最后采用2014年澳大利亚版本JBI循证卫生保健中心证据分级及证据推荐级别系统进行证据汇总、评价和等级划分。结果　本研究最终纳入文献17篇，其中临床指南5篇、系统评价2篇、专家共识3篇、队列研究2篇、随机对照试验4篇、横断面研究1篇。5篇临床指南中各领域≥60%的数目为6的有3篇，推荐级别为A级的有5篇。2篇系统评价的质量评价结果均为准予纳入。3篇专家共识的质量评价结果均为准予纳入。2篇队列研究的质量评价结果显示文献质量均较高，允许纳入。4篇随机对照试验的质量评价结果均为准予纳入。1篇横断面研究的质量评价结果为文献属于高质量文献，允许纳入。证据汇总最终得出27条预防和控制养老院流感暴发的最佳证据，包含环境、人员管理、预防措施以及疫苗接种影响因素4个方面。结论　总结和分析国内外养老院流感暴发预防与控制的相关文献得出接种流感疫苗仍是目前控制流感的最佳方法，养老院管理者及工作人员应当提高对流感重视程度，优化流感预防管理模式。     

Robust joint nearest subspace for hyperspectral image classification

This letter presents a novel hyperspectral image (HSI) classification method based on robust joint nearest subspace and contextual prototype learning. First, we present a robust joint nearest subspace method to solve the HSI classification problem by exploiting a set-to-class distance with robust distance metric to consider both spectral and spatial characteristics effectively. Second, we develop an objective function to learn contextual prototypes robustly and present an iteration algorithm to solve it. Based on the learned contextual prototypes, the HSI classification performance can be further improved. Finally, we conduct numerous experiments to validate the effects of different parameters and components and to compare the proposed method with other algorithms on three popular data sets. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better performance than other competing algorithms.     

成都部队招待所从业人员乙肝病毒携带情况调查

目的 了解成都市部队招待所从业人员的乙肝病毒携带现状析,为乙肝防控提供依据.方法 统计分析2009-2011年间成都市部队招待所从业人员在成都军区疾病预防控制中心的体检结果.结果 该人群的乙肝携带率2009-2011年3年中最高为2.90％,远低于2011年全国人均携带率,乙肝携带率呈逐年下降趋势,有保护性抗体的人员逐年增加.结论 成都部队招待所的从业人员乙肝携带率较低,有保护性抗体人员逐年增加.     

Analysis of the relationship between postoperative ophthalmic complications and dialysis time of pre-kidney transplantation

AIM: To determine the influence of the dialysis time before kidney transplantation on postoperative ophthalmic complications. METHODS: One hundred and eighty three patients who were given the follow-up after kidney transplantation were selected, including 124 males and 59 females. The dialysis time before kidney transplantation was (2.9±2.1) years. Among them, there were 93 cases having cadaveric renal transplantation and 90 cases having living relative renal transplantation. The conditions of ophthalmic complications in all the patients after kidney transplantation were investigated and the incidence rate on ophthalmic complications having different dialysis time before kidney transplantation was given Chi-square test and Chi-square linear trend test. RESULTS: Among 183 patients with kidney transplantation, 95 patients (51.9%) had at least one ophthalmic complication and the rest 88 patients (48.1%) had no significant abnormality at the eye region. The most common ophthalmic complications were pinguecula/conjunctival degeneration (31 cases), the following was caligo lentis (24 cases). The main manifestations were grayish white granule and plaque turbidity occurred in posterior capsule at the posterior pole of crystaline lens. The angulus iridocornealis of 5 patients (5.3%) with cataract and glaucoma were all open-angle through the detection by gonioscope. Through visual field examination, there were 2 patients with paracentral scotoma, 2 patients with arcuate scotoma and one case with nasal step. CONCLUSION: The experiments verify that the incidence of glaucomawas relates to the dialysis time before kidney transplantation, and the incidence rate might be higher if the dialysis time is longer.     

Expression and significance of cdc2 gene in cancer cells.

目的 通过检测人表皮细胞Hacat和不同组织来源的6种肿瘤细胞的增殖能力以及cdc2基因在这些细胞中的表达情况,探讨cdc2基因与肿瘤发生、发展、增殖能力之间的关系.方法 体外培养人表皮细胞Hacat和不同组织来源的6种肿瘤细胞(宫颈癌细胞Caski、神经胶质瘤细胞U87、肝癌细胞Hepg2、膀胱癌细胞T24、骨肉瘤细胞MG63、肺癌细胞A549).采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应 (RT-PCR)法和免疫印迹(Western blot)法测定细胞中cdc2在mRNA和蛋白质水平的表达情况;采用四甲基偶氮唑(MTT)法检测细胞增殖速度.结果 cdc2基因在Hacat中表达较低,在Caski、U87、Hepg2、T24、MG63和A549中表达较高.MTT法显示:Hepg2、U87、T24、A549、MG63增殖能力较强,Caski次之,Hacat最差.结论 cdc2基因可能参与了肿瘤的发生过程,并与肿瘤的增殖有关.     

Preoperative elevation of serum C-reactive protein as an indicator of poor prognosis for early-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Preoperative elevation of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) is reportedly associated with poor prognosis in several types of cancer. This study investigated the role of serum CRP as a prognostic factor in early-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The preoperative serum CRP levels were measured in 156 newly diagnosed pT1–2N0M0 patients using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlations between serum CRP levels and other clinical parameters were analyzed. Multivariate analyses were performed to find prognostic markers using Cox's proportional hazards model. CRP concentrations were within the normal range in 117 (75%) individuals, but were elevated in 39 (25%) patients. Serum CRP levels were significantly correlated with the tumor length (p = 0.032), depth (T classification, p = 0.0157), or histologic grade (p = 0.034). The overall 5-year survival rates were 76.3% and 50.2% in the low- and high-CRP groups, respectively (p = 0.005). By multivariate analyses, the elevated serum CRP level was found to be an independent prognostic factor for poor survival (hazard ratio = 2.131; p = 0.007), regardless of tumor classification or other prognostic factors. In conclusion, preoperative, high serum CRP is an independent determinant of poor prognosis in early-stage ESCC.