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41.
Norway has formed a policy on infant feeding, expressed as dietary allowances and guidelines concerning food intake. In a longitudinal and prospective study of health and development during infancy, the feeding patterns of 217 Norwegian infants were followed in order to evaluate the policy. The findings indicated that prevailing guidelines were largely followed by the parents. Forty-five per cent still got breastmilk at 6 months. Solid foods were usually introduced around 4-5 months, iron-enriched porridge being commonly used. At 10 months 91 per cent were given bread. The nutrient intakes at 10 months were mainly in accordance with the recommendations. The quality of the diet seemed to diminish somewhat when sandwiches replaced porridge. More emphasis should be put upon toddlers' diet in counselling the parents. 相似文献
42.
无张力疝修补术后顽固性疼痛原因和对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 探讨无张力疝修补术后的顽固性疼痛病因及预防治疗。方法 将同期无张力疝修补术与传统的腹股沟疝修补方法进行比较。结果 无张力疝修补术后的顽固性疼痛率为9.02%(12/133),传统的腹股沟疝修补方法疼痛率为8.61%(18/209)。无张力疝修补与传统的腹股沟疝修补相比,术后顽固性疼痛的发生率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 无张力疝修补并不一定减少传统的腹股沟疝修补术后顽固性疼痛,手术规范操作是预防的关键,治疗应先保守治疗,无效再考虑手术治疗。 相似文献
43.
44.
病理性损伤因素对肾小管上皮细胞表型转化的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目的 :观察低血清、高糖、高蛋白刺激下肾小管上皮细胞向间叶性细胞的表型转化 ,探讨损伤的肾小管上皮细胞在肾小管间质纤维化中的作用。方法 :以体外培养的人近端肾小管上皮细胞为对象 ,分别用含低血清(0 .2mol·L-1小牛血清 )、高葡萄糖 (4.5 g·L-1)、高白蛋白 (15 g·L-1)的培养液培养 7d ,透射电镜检测细胞形态变化 ;免疫组化和Westernblot检测细胞表型改变 ,包括CK、Vimentin、α SMA、Ⅰ和Ⅲ型胶原 ,原位杂交检测Ⅰ型胶原mRNA表达 ,同时检测细胞TGFβ1蛋白表达。 结果 :低血清、高糖、高蛋白直接刺激下 ,肾小管上皮细胞出现明显形态学改变 ,包括细胞变为长梭形 ;透射电镜下细胞内线粒体明显减少 ,粗面内质网明显增加 ,并出现actin样微丝。免疫组化染色和Westernblot显示CK表达明显减弱 ,Vimentin、Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原、α SMA和TGFβ1表达增强。原位杂交显示Ⅰ型胶原mRNA表达增强。结论 :低血清、高糖、高蛋白可直接引起人近端肾小管上皮细胞TGFβ1表达增加 ,并发生向间叶性细胞的表型转化 相似文献
45.
Gunnar Franzn Olav G. Klausen Ronald T. Grenko John Carstensen Bo Nordenskjld 《The Laryngoscope》1991,101(6):669-673
A retrospective study was performed on 20 patients with adenoid cystic carcinomas of major salivary glands to see if DNA. patterns correlated with their prognoses. Fourteen tumors were found to be DNA. diploid; 6 were DNA aneuploid. Histologically, all DNA-aneu-ploid tumors had solid components, compared with only 5 of the DNA-diploid tumors. All of the DNA-aneuploid tumors recurred, in contrast to only 2 of the DNA-diploid tumors; the difference was highly significant (P<0.001). All of the patients with no recurrences had DNA-diploid tumors. In our study, DNA measurements of adenoid cystic carcinomas gave statistically significant information about prognosis and correlated to histological grading. We propose that evaluation of DNA content may be performed before planning the treatment of adenoid cystic carcinomas. 相似文献
46.
对16例垂体腺瘤采用单侧鼻前庭切口经蝶切除,效果满意,既可减少手术创伤,又缩短了手术距离,且避免了美容缺陷,是一种设计巧妙,较为实用的手术方法,尤其适用于生长激素腺瘤。 相似文献
47.
In a group of 43 smelter workers exposed to inorganic arsenic dust for 13-45 years, nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) were significantly lower in two peripheral nerves as compared with matching referents. With multivariate data analysis, a significant negative correlation was found between cumulative absorption of arsenic and NCV in four examined nerves and the sural amplitude. Clinical symptoms of neuropathy and other symptoms related to arsenic exposure were moderate, though the difference between the groups was significant. The mean total absorption of arsenic was calculated to be less than 5 g, and the maximal absorption about 20 g. These data indicate that the adverse effect of arsenic on the peripheral nerves is dependent on long-term exposure rather than on short-term fluctuations in exposure levels. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
48.
J. Åkeson M.D. F. Nilsson E. Ryding K. Messeter 《Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica》1992,36(5):419-426
We present a physiologically stable porcine model designed for sequential assessments of pharmacological effects on mean hemispheric cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) at sustained normocapnia. The dynamic influence of continuously administered fentanyl (0.040 mg.kg-1.h-1 i.v.), nitrous oxide (70%) and pancuronium (0.30 mg.kg-1.h-1 i.v.) on these variables was studied in eight normoventilated pigs. CBF was reliably assessable at 10-min intervals by clearance of intra-arterially injected 133Xe, monitored by an extracranial scintillation detector. CMRO2 was calculated from CBF and the simultaneously measured cerebral arteriovenous difference in blood oxygen content. The intracerebral distribution of a contrast medium injected into the external and internal carotid arteries was studied by angiography, and the cerebral venous outflow was investigated by measurements of the distribution of an intra-arterially administered non-diffusible tracer, [99mTc]pertechnetate, to the internal and external jugular veins. After a 3-h equilibration period, CBF and CMRO2 were determined on six occasions over a study period lasting 1 h 40 min. The mean ranges of these variables were 56-60 and 1.9-2.0 ml.100 g-1.min-1, respectively. We conclude that the model enables repeated assessments of CBF and CMRO2 under stable physiological background conditions and thus valid cerebral pharmacodynamic investigations of drugs given for anaesthesia. 相似文献
49.
50.
由于操作简便、节省人力物力,大鼠体外循环模型的应用愈加广泛。大鼠在小型呼吸机辅助下,应用颈静脉插管入右心房引流血液至贮血瓶,在蠕动移液泵作用下,经膜式氧合器氧合、变温器变温,通过股动脉或尾动脉插管注入动脉系统,建立体外循环回路。有血预充、减少总预充量和维持足够的转流流量是建立大鼠体外循环模型的关键。 相似文献