Does cardiac SPECT using attenuation and scatter correction accurately predict coronary artery disease in a minority women population?

BACKGROUND: Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a well-established diagnostic method for evaluation and risk stratification of coronary artery disease (CAD).We undertook this study to validate both the positive predictive value (when compared to cardiac catheterization) and the prognosis afforded by MPI in a group of minority women patients. MATERIAL/METHODS: The database of our Nuclear Imaging and Catheterization Laboratory was retrospectively queried for consecutive minority (African-American, Hispanic and Asian) women patients who underwent MPI and cardiac catheterization within 90 days of each other. Patients with recent revascularization were excluded. Attenuation/scatter correction was utilized in the final interpretation of the study. RESULTS: Of the 54 women patients who underwent MPI, 7 underwent exercise stress testing, 26 had stress testing with adenosine, 18 with dipyridamole and 3 with dobutamine. Eighteen patients (53%) had same number of vessels predicted by MPI and coronary angiography (7 patients with triple vessel disease, 7 with 2-vessel disease and 4 with single vessel disease). Five (3 with intermediate and 2 with high risk scans) out of the 54 patients (9.3%) were dead at 2 years. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of MPI as compared to angiography were 87.2%, 26.7%, 75.6% and 44.4% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of MPI in this group of patients is comparable to the general population though the specificity is lower in spite of using attenuation and scatter correction. Low risk perfusion scan signifies favorable prognosis at 2 years with regards to mortality.     

The link between contraceptive methods andChlamydia trachomatis infection

The effect of various contraceptive methods onChlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection was examined in a group of 158 women, with a mean age of 26.9 years, patients of a family planning clinic. Their symptoms were mild abdominal pain or vaginal discharge. Antibodies to CT were examined by an indirect immunoperoxidase assay, with a commercial kit. From each patient a vaginal smear was collected for bacteriologic and mycologic study.In group I, consisting of 30 married women with a mean age of 31 years, 5 (16.7%) IUD users had a positive test for CT antibodies. In group II, comprising 57 women, with a mean age of 23.3 years, 22 (38.6%) oral contraceptive (OC) users, of whom 94.7% were unmarried, had positive tests for CT antibodies. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (p<0.05).In group III, comprising 71 women with a mean age of 28.1 years, 62% unmarried and using other contraceptive methods, 15 (21.1%) had a positive test for CT antibodies. The incidence of CT infection was not different in the 3 groups under study, when the factors of age and marital status were taken into consideration (p>0.30). Bacterial vaginal infection was found in 43.3% of the IUD users, compared with only 14% of the OC users (p<0.01).In contrast, in the OC users, candidiasis was predominant, the difference from the other groups being statistically significant (p<0.001). The women with positive antibodies also more frequently had colonies of bacterial and mycological vaginal infection. CT infection is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) related to a specific and non-monogamous sexual life style. The unmarried women in the group of OC users are the most at risk, taking into consideration that they begin sexual life at an early age and that they often change their partners.

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Resumen El efecto de varios métodos anticonceptivos en la infección porChlamydia trachomatis (CT), fué examinado en un grupo de 159 pacientes con 26,9 años de edad media, en una clinica de planificación familiar. Sus síntomas fueron: dolor leve abdominal o flujo vaginal. Se examinaron los anticuerpos a CT mediante una prueba comercial de immunoperoxidase indirecta. Se obtuvo un extendido vaginal de eada paciente para un estudio bacteriológico y micológico.En el grupo I, constituido por 30 mujeres casadas con 31 años de edad media, 5 (16,7%) usuarias de DIU tuvieron una prueba de anticuerpos positiva a CT. En el grupo II, constituido por 57 mujeres con 23.3 aflos de edad media, siendo usuarias de anticonceptivos orales (OC) y 94,7% solteras, 22 (38,6%) tuvieron resultados positivos a anticuerpos de CT. La diferencia entre estos dos grupos fue estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05).En el grupo III, constituido por 71 mujeres con 28,1 años de edad media, siendo 62% solteras y usando otros métodos anticonceptivos, 15 (21,1%) tuvieron una prucba de anticuerpos CT positiva. La incidencia de infección de CT no fue diferente en los 3 grupos de estudio cuando se tuvieron en consideracion los factores de edad y estado civil (p>0,30). Se encontró infección bacteriana vaginal en 43,3% de las usuarias de DIU, comparado con 14% de OC (p<0,01).A diferencia, en usuarias de OC predominó la candidiasis, siendo estadísticamente significativa (p<0,001) con otros grupos. Las mujeres con anticuerpos CT positivos, mas frecuentemente tuvieron colonias de infección bacteriana y micológica. La infección CT es una enfermedad transmitida sexualmente (STD), relacionada con un grupo especifico, no monógamo de vida sexual. Las solteras en este grupo de usuarias de OC, son las que tienen el mayor riesgo considerando que empiezan su vida sexual a edad mas temprana y que cambian de pareja con frecuencia.

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Resumé L'effet de diverses méthodes contraceptives sur l'infection par laChlamydia trachomatis (CT) a été examiné sur un groupe de 158 femmes dont l'âge moyen était de 26,9 ans qui fréquentaient un clinique de planning familial. Elles présentaient comme symptômes des douleurs abdominales légères et des pertes vaginales. Les anticorps à la CT ont été examinés par un essai indirect à l'immunoperoxydase effectué au moyen d'un matériel commercial. On a procédé à un frottis vaginal sur chaque patiente aux fins d'une étude bactériologique et mycologique.Dans le groupe I, comprenant 30 femmes mariées âgées en moyenne de 31 ans, l'essai sur les anticorps à la CT, chez les 5 utilisatrices de DIU (16,7%), a donné des résultats positifs. Dans le groupe II, comptant 57 femmes d'un âge moyen de 23,3 ans, les utilisatrices de contraceptifs oraux, dont 94,7% étaient célibataires, 22 (38,6%) ont produit des résultate positifs à l'essai sur les anticorps à la CT. La différence entre ces deux groupes était significative du point de vue statistique (p<0.05).Quant au groupe III, composé de 71 femmes âgées en moyenne de 28,1 ans, dont 62% n'étaient pas mariées et faisaient appel à d'autres méthodes contraceptives, les résultats de l'essai sur les anticorps à la CT ont été positifs dans 15 cas. L'lneidence de l'infection par la CT ne différait pas dans les trois groupes étudiés lorsqu'on a tenu compte des facteurs d'âge et de statut matrimonial (p>0.30). L'infection bactérienne vaginale a été retrouvéc chez 43.3% des utilisatrices de DIU, alors qu'elle était de 14% chez les femmes qui prenaient des contraceptifs oraux (p<0.01). Par contre, chez ces dernières, la candidose était prédominante, révélant une différence statistiquement signifieative avae les autres groupes (p<0.001). En outre, les femmes ayant des anticorps positifs à la CT présentaient plus souvent des colonies d'infection vaginale bactériennes et mycologiques. L'infection par la CT est une maladie sexuellement transmissible (MST) liéc à une activité sexuelle spécifique et non monogame. Les femmes célibataires du groupe des utilisatrices de contraceptifs oraux sont les plus exposées à ces risques, compte tenu du fait que leur activité sexuelle commence tôt et qu'elles changent souvent de partenaires.

     

Kommentar auf Anforderung der Schriftleitung zur Arbeit: Endoskopisch kontrollierte Stabilisation von Humerusschaftfrakturen von R. Zobrist et al.

Die Unfallchirurgie -     

Direct automated EMIT d.a.u. analysis of N,N-dimethylformamide-modified serum, plasma, and postmortem blood for benzodiazepines, benzoylecgonine, cannabinoids, and opiates

Serum, plasma, and postmortem blood treated with two volumes of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and centrifuged, were directly analyzable by means of the EMIT d.a.u. reagents on the Syva Autocarousel in the same manner as urine. Cutoff values in milligrams (immunochemically cross-reactive analyte equivalents)/L are 0.05 for morphine (MOR), 0.15 for benzoylecgonine (BZE), 0.20 for oxazepam (OX), and 0.02 for 11-nor-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol carboxylic acid (THCC). The relationship of concentrations (micrograms/mL serum) to absorbance changes (delta A) were S-shaped up to greater than 3.0 for MOR, 4.0 for BZE, greater than 5.0 for OX, and 0.2 for THCC. Beyond these maximal concentrations, delta A values declined. Thus, negatives should be repeated on substantially diluted aliquots to avoid missing extraordinarily high positives. "False" quantitative negative/positive noncongruence between total EMIT cross-reactives and free-drug analyses by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were 0/17 (N = 75) for opiates, 8/0 (N = 119) for cocaine products, and 19/5 (N = 103) for cannabinoids. For benzodiazepines (N = 58) the "false" negative/"false" positive ratio of EMIT (total)/high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (free) was 4/4. Within-day precision as coefficient of variation (CV) of quantitative estimates was 8-18%. For between-day precision, quantitative estimates varied by 8% for MOR, 15% for BZE, 18% for OX, and 34% for THCC.     

Mutations in the retinal guanylate cyclase (RETGC-1) gene in dominant cone-rod dystrophy

The dominant cone-rod dystrophy gene CORD6 has previously been mapped to within an 8 cM interval on chromosome 17p12-p13. The retinal- specific guanylate cyclase gene (RETGC-1), which maps to within this genetic interval and previously was implicated in Leber's congenital amaurosis, was screened for mutations within this family and in a panel of small families and individuals with various cone and cone- rod dystrophy phenotypes. A missense mutation (E837D) was identified in affected members of the CORD6 family, as well as a second missense mutation (R838C) in three other families with dominant cone-rod dystrophy. RETGC-1 is only the fourth gene to be implicated in cone-rod dystrophy and this is the first report of dominant mutations in this gene.      

Localization of a gene for otosclerosis to chromosome 15q25-q26

Among white adults otosclerosis is the single most common cause of hearing impairment. Although the genetics of this disease are controversial, the majority of studies indicate autosomal dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance. We studied a large multi- generational family in which otosclerosis has been inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Five of16 affected persons have surgically confirmed otosclerosis; the remaining nine have a conductive hearing loss but have not undergone corrective surgery. To locate the disease- causing gene we completed genetic linkage analysis using short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs) distributed over the entire genome. Multipoint linkage analysis showed that only one genomic region, on chromosome 15q, generated a lod score >2.0. Additional STRPs were typed in this area, resulting in a lod score of 3.4. STRPs FES (centromeric) and D15S657 (telomeric) flank the 14. 5 cM region that contains an otosclerosis gene.