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51.
BACKGROUND: Individuals with epilepsy or seizure disorders are restricted from donating blood because of concern that they are prone to adverse donor reactions such as syncope and convulsions. A study evaluating whether that concern is warranted is reported. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: During a 2-year period beginning in 1987, blood donors in Maryland with a history of seizures were actively recruited by the American Red Cross. Adverse donor reactions were classified as "slight", indicating dizziness and nausea without loss of consciousness; "moderate," denoting syncope; and "severe," indicating convulsive syncope. RESULTS: There were 329,143 satisfactory blood donations; 613 individuals reporting a history of seizures donated blood a total of 723 times. Among donors with seizures, 186 (35.7%) were taking antiepileptic medication, and 61 (8.4%) had had one or more seizures in the preceding year. Individuals with seizures had a low incidence of adverse reactions (3.34%). Although this incidence was slightly higher than that in the entire population (2.24%), the difference was not significant. In particular, the risk of syncope with or without convulsive activity was low for people with seizures (0.21%) and not significantly greater than that in other donors (0.28%). CONCLUSION: Individuals with seizures or epilepsy are not at greater risk for adverse reactions after blood donation, and major restrictions on their participation as blood donors are not warranted. 相似文献
52.
The authors studied the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure in 187 hemophiliacs followed for an average of 45 months. Overall, 55 percent developed antibody specific for HIV and 21 percent developed persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. Most patients seroconverted sometime between early 1982 and the end of 1984. Four patients developed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and four seropositive patients developed idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP). One of the four patients who developed AIDS and three of the four with ITP had preexisting lymphadenopathy. None of the 10 patients with lymphadenopathy or the 20 asymptomatic patients was seropositive for human T-lymphotropic virus, type I. Although seropositivity and lymphadenopathy have been found in many of the authors' patients, few have developed clinical disease that can be related to HIV infection. 相似文献
53.
Bogenrieder T van Dijk MR Blokx WA Ramrath K Seldenrijk K Stolz W van Diest PJ 《Histopathology》2011,59(2):318-326
Bogenrieder T, van Dijk M R, Blokx W A M, Ramrath K, Seldenrijk K, Stolz W & van Diest P J(2011) Histopathology 59 , 318–326 No non‐sentinel node involvement in melanoma patients with limited Breslow thickness and low sentinel node tumour load Aims: Most melanoma patients with a positive sentinel node (SN) undergo completion lymph node dissection and frequently experience associated morbidity. However, only 10–30% of SN‐positive patients have further lymph node metastases. The aim of the present study was to predict the absence of non‐SN metastases in a multicentre study of patients with a positive SN based on primary melanoma features and SN tumour load. Methods and results: Of 70 SN positive patients, 18 had non‐SN metastases. Penetrative depth of metastatic cells into the SN and SN tumour load was assessed by morphometry. None of the 14 patients (20%) with a Breslow thickness <2.0 mm and an SN tumour load <0.2 mm2 had non‐SN metastases. Similarly, none of the 15 patients (21%) with a Breslow thickness <2.0 mm and SN penetrative depth <600 μm had non‐SN metastases. Lastly, none of the 14 patients (20%) with a Breslow thickness <2.0 mm and a diameter of the largest SN deposit <500 μm had non‐SN metastases. Conclusions: A combination of limited Breslow thickness and low SN tumour load predicts absence of non‐SN metastases in melanoma patients with a positive SN with high accuracy. We propose that this subgroup may be spared completion lymph node dissection. 相似文献
54.
目的:探讨结节性硬化症(TSC)的CT表现和鉴别诊断。方法:分析7例诊断为结节性硬化症的CT资料。重点观察病变部位、大小、钙化程度及其他改变。结果:7例均有室管膜下结节,共计77个,其中钙化结节39个.80%结节位于侧脑室体部室管膜下;5例皮质及皮质下多发结节均无钙化,额枕叶为著,其次为颞顶叶:4例皮质下白质有不同程度低密度改变,主要围绕侧脑室体部及额角周围。4例合并其他畸形。结论:室管膜下多发结节并钙化,皮质异常脑回及不规则形低密度影、脑白质放射状分布的低密度改变是CT诊断结节性硬化症的主要征象,其中室管膜下结节并钙化是较有特征性的表现。CT结合临床可做出明确诊断并发现其他畸形。 相似文献
55.
目的:了解乌审旗妇女宫颈癌及癌前病变的发病现状,探讨子宫颈液基细胞学(Thinprep paptest,TCT)结合阴道镜检查的诊断价值。方法:对3 000名乌审旗妇女进行TCT筛查,对TCT阳性(细胞学TBS分类为不典型鳞状细胞以上)的妇女进行阴道镜及镜下多点活组织检查(活检),分析TCT阳性者的阴道镜检查及活检结果,比较TCT阳性者中不同年龄段患者的活检结果。结果:3 000名受检者中,TCT阳性537例(17.9%),其中经活检证实为宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepthelial neoplasia,CIN)190例(6.3%),宫颈浸润癌2例(0.07%),537例TCT阳性者中,阴道镜检查正常264例(49.2%),其中活检结果为CIN34例,阴道镜的假阴性率为12.9%,异常273例(50.8%),其中活检结果为湿疣34例,CIN或浸润癌158例,阴道镜与活检的诊断符合率达70.3%(192/273)。TCT为轻度鳞状上皮内病变、高度鳞状上皮内病变、鳞状细胞癌的病例与活检的诊断符合率分别为50.4%,88.3%和2/2,假阳性率则分别为49.6%、11%和0。537例TCT阳性者中,2030岁组、3140岁组,4147岁组的CIN检出率分别为33.7%、44.5%2、6.7%(P〈0.05)。结论:乌审旗妇女CIN的发生率高,是宫颈癌的高发人群。TCT结合阴道镜检查是较好的宫颈癌筛查手段之一。 相似文献
56.
SM Vieira HP Lemos R Grespan MH Napimoga D Dal-Secco A Freitas TM Cunha WA Verri Jr DA Souza-Junior MC Jamur KS Fernandes C Oliver JS Silva MM Teixeira FQ Cunha 《British journal of pharmacology》2009,158(3):779-789
Background and purpose:
Chemokines orchestrate neutrophil recruitment to inflammatory foci. In the present study, we evaluated the participation of three chemokines, KC/CXCL1, MIP-2/CXCL2 and LIX/CXCL5, which are ligands for chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), in mediating neutrophil recruitment in immune inflammation induced by antigen in immunized mice.Experimental approach:
Neutrophil recruitment was assessed in immunized mice challenged with methylated bovine serum albumin, KC/CXCL1, LIX/CXCL5 or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Cytokine and chemokine levels were determined in peritoneal exudates and in supernatants of macrophages and mast cells by elisa. CXCR2 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression was determined using immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy.Key results:
Antigen challenge induced dose- and time-dependent neutrophil recruitment and production of KC/CXCL1, LIX/CXCL5 and TNF-α, but not MIP-2/CXCL2, in peritoneal exudates. Neutrophil recruitment was inhibited by treatment with reparixin (CXCR1/2 antagonist), anti-KC/CXCL1, anti-LIX/CXCL5 or anti-TNF-α antibodies and in tumour necrosis factor receptor 1-deficient mice. Intraperitoneal injection of KC/CXCL1 and LIX/CXCL5 induced dose- and time-dependent neutrophil recruitment and TNF-α production, which were inhibited by reparixin or anti-TNF-α treatment. Macrophages and mast cells expressed CXCR2 receptors. Increased macrophage numbers enhanced, while cromolyn sodium (mast cell stabilizer) diminished, LIX/CXCL5-induced neutrophil recruitment. Macrophages and mast cells from immunized mice produced TNF-α upon LIX/CXCL5 stimulation. Methylated bovine serum albumin induced expression of ICAM-1 on mesenteric vascular endothelium, which was inhibited by anti-TNF-α or anti-LIX/CXCL5.Conclusion and implications:
Following antigen challenge, CXCR2 ligands are produced and act on macrophages and mast cells triggering the production of TNF-α, which synergistically contribute to neutrophil recruitment through induction of the expression of ICAM-1. 相似文献57.
58.
纤维粘连蛋白基因多态性与尘肺易感性的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 探讨纤维粘连蛋白(FN)4个基因位点多态性与尘肺发病的关系.方法 以确诊的128例汉族男性Ⅰ期尘肺患者作为病例组,选择与病例组年龄相差不超过5岁、同性别、同民族、开始接尘时间及累积接尘工龄相差不超过2年、在同一车间或同一采掘工作面工作的非尘肺接尘工人为对照.采Ⅲ聚合酶链反应-限制性片断长度多态件分析(PCR-RLFP)的方法 检测FN基因HaeⅢb、Msp Ⅰ、HindⅢ、Taq Ⅰ b位点的基因型.结果 病例组携带Msp Ⅰ野牛基因型(CC)频率和等位基C的分布频率分别为10.9%和41.8%,明显高于对照组(分别为3.9%和31.2%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).病例组携带HaeⅢb野生基因型(AA)的频率为24.2%,明显高于对照组(17.9%),差异行统计学意义(P<0.05);病例组HaeⅢbA等位基因频率为51.9%,明显高于对照组(42.2%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).病例组和对照组Taq Ⅰb位点基因型和Hind Ⅲ位点基因型的分布频率比较,筹异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).病例组同时携带Msp Ⅰ cc和HaeⅢbAA基因型的频率明显高于对照组,差异行统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 携带FN Msp Ⅰ cc和Hae Ⅲ b AA基冈型的接尘工人患尘肺的危险性增加,同时携带这2种基因型的接尘工人更易患尘肺.未发现FN Taq Ⅰ b和HindⅢ位点基因多态性与尘肺易感性有关. 相似文献
59.
60.
JC Sutton PhD PJ Standen PhD WA Wallace FRCS 《International journal of clinical practice》1994,48(2):63-66
SUMMARY Many previous studies of reported patient accidents in hospital used the accident report forms as the only data source, without questioning their reliability and despite 80% of the accidents being unwitnessed. This paper reports on three studies using data from patient interviews, staff questionnaires, medical and nursing notes and the accident report forms. The studies confirm that falls amongst elderly patients are the most common type of patient accident. However, patients' and staff's versions of the event often differed widely. Accident reports are stated to be required for legal purposes, but they were often incomplete and unreliable. Patient accidents and safety are too important to remain marginalised to mere compliance with out-of-date regulations. A new, ‘slim-line‘, more accurate but less time-consuming patient accident reporting system should be developed, for which improvement in patient safety is the main aim and legal considerations the secondary aim. 相似文献